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(b) Coast guard

True.

• National Security is closely connected with geography because national security is more likely to be endangered by nations who are geographically closer. 
• A nation must assess the threat to its geographical boundaries and the source of that threat. 
• In order to keep this threat at bay, the nation has to increase its military might. 
• The nation has to use modem technology to predict the threat, to build weapon systems and modernize and update the defence forces.

(i) If given a chance I would like to join the Indian Army.

(ii) India is surrounded by neighbours like Pakistan and China which have posed many threats to India’s territorial security through infiltration and cross border terrorism.

(iii) The Arfny is thus the most challenging place to be, where service to protect the motherland would be valued the most.

(iv) The determination, discipline and patriotism which are intrinsic virtues of the Indian Army have always inspired me to do my bit for the nation.

(v) The training for physical fitness and the skills of various war operations can be best received through the Indian Army.

(vi) For these reasons I hold the Indian Army as the most sought after career and the ultimate destination of my life.

(c) Political

(d) Chess, carom, ladder and slide (ludo).

(i) US nuclear policies had failed to prevent further nuclear proliferation, fuelled the arms race, suppressed the humanitarian benefits of civil nuclear technology and badly affected the development of the US nuclear industry.

(ii) In his “Atoms for Peace” speech of 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower captured the tensions and the ironies of the atomic age.

(iii) Eisenhower believed only nuclear preparedness offered protection; while nuclear weapons lead to war. Nuclear power offered progress and hope.

(iv) However, the motives behind Atoms for Peace extended beyond non-proliferation, arms control, and economic interests.

(v) Objective of the Eisenhower Administration was to set USA advantageously against USSR.

(vi) He envisaged to permit privatization and commercialization of fuel technologies, cooperation with foreign partners, and international nuclear commerce.

(vii) Ultimately, Atoms for Peace yielded billions of dollars in civil nuclear commerce for the US economy.

(viii) Atoms for Peace provided political cover for the biggest nuclear arms build up in US history, and helped fuel the Cold War arms race.

True.

• India’s security is not only threatened by outside powers but also from within. 
• It is not just the difference between external security and internal security that is important anymore.
• Example naxalite movement is a threat to internal security.

The Central Reserve Police Force helps the administration in various states to maintain law and order.

(i) Many measures are taken so that all three defence forces in India’s security system are adequately modernized. For this, some research institutions have been set up. 

(ii) Many training institutes have also been set up in our country to train the personnel of all ranks of our defence forces so that they can perform their task competently. 

(iii) For example, the National Defence Academy (NDA) at Pune and the National Defence College (NDC) at Delhi, etc.

(a) Paramilitary Forces

1. Economy 

2. India 

3. Rural to Urban 

4. Over population 

5. Urbanization 

6. Voluntary 

7. “Human Migration” 

8. Marriage

9. Urban

10. common

1. c 

2. d 

3. a 

4. e 

5. b

The games which are played in a room or in a covered space are called indoor games 

Indoor games- Chess, billiards, table tennis, carom, ludo. 

Outdoor games- hockey, cricket, football, long jump, race.

(b) Paramilitary Forces

In demographic sense, the population composition like age and sex, over population and under population are the major causes of migration

Yes, I think as we Indians are progressing and trying to establish our nation as a developed nation, we on the other side are losing importance of our family ties. Kinship bonds means ties based on blood and marriage. Following are some of the reasons which are axing Kinship bonds.

1. Urbanisation, one of the major reasons of migration of people from rural to urban resulting into formation of a nuclear family.

2. Modernisation, making individuals selfcentred, career oriented simultaneously detach from family. 

3. Change in the medium of recreation, earlier it was family get together or celebration of festivals or religious ceremony now it is Cinema Hall or Visit to Mall. 

4. Increasing control of electronic gadgets like T.V., Mobile Internet, etc., which make virtual world closer but taxing to kinship bond, care and attachment. 

5. Dominance of materialistic world results into abundance of needs. Above all, todays smart and modern generation is chopping their own roots, meaning, weakening kinship bonds.

1. Demographic consequences:

It changes age and sex composition of population. Migration of females after their marriage leads to decline in sex ratio in the source regions and increase the sex ratio in the regions of destinations.

2. Social consequences:

The Migration of people from different regions towards an urban area leads to the formation of plural society. It helps the people to come out of narrow mindedness and people become generous.

3. Economic consequences:

The Migration of more people from over populated to under populated regions results the imbalance of the resource – population ratio. In some cases, the regions of over and under population may become the regions of optimum population. Migration may influence the occupational structure of the population of our area. Brain drain is a consequence of migration.

4. Environmental consequences:

Large scale movement of people from rural to urban areas causes overcrowding in cities and puts heavy pressure on resources. It leads to rapid growth of cities. The over population in urban areas leads to the population of air, water and soil. The lack of space for housing and the rising off and cost lead to the formation of slums.

1. Demographic consequences.

2. Social consequences.

3. Economic consequences.

4. Environmental consequences.

The Black Power Movement

(i) The difference between the Blacks and Whites becomes a social division in the US because the Blacks tend to be poor, homeless and discriminated against.

(ii) In our country Dalits tend to be poor and landless. They often face discrimination and injustice.

(iii) One kind of social difference becomes more important when other people start feeling that they belong to different communities.

(i) If social differences cross cut one another, it is difficult to avoid clashes between the groups that hold different views.

(ii) If means that groups that share a common interest on one issue are likely to be in different sides of a different issue.

(iii) For example, in Northern Ireland class and religion tend to cut across each other leading to social tensions.

A number of books were printed in modern age in English and in Indian languages due to the invention of printing press. With these books, we come to know about human development in different fields such as literature, art, history, science and music. These books are very helpful in increasing our knowledge about history and science. We can take inspiration from these books to do progress in our lives.

सुरेश को बोटल इसलिए नहीं दिखाई दी कि वह उस आदमी की जेब में थी, जो उसकी कार के नीचे आ गया था।

Correct option is (d) All of these

सही विकल्प है D. पर्वत से

वृक्ष लोगों को फल देकर सफल हुए हैं।

चाँद की कोई बहन नहीं है, फिर भी बच्चे उसे ‘मामा’ कहते हैं।

Harsha ascended the throne in 606 CE.

पर्वत नदियों और झरनों के उद्गम-स्थल हैं।

पेड़ अपने जीवन को सफल मानते हैं, क्योंकि उन्होंने लोगों को मधुर फल दिए हैं।

सही विकल्प है D. पाँच

(1) पेड़ – पेड़ हमें फल देते हैं।

(2) नदी – गंगा पवित्र नदी है।

(3) आम – आम फलों का राजा है।

(4) हाथ – खाने से पहले हाथ धोने चाहिए।

(5) मकान – यह नया मकान किसका है?

(6) खिलौना – माँ बच्चे के लिए खिलौना लाई।

Harsha convened the Kannauj Assembly in 643 CE.

सही विकल्प है D. पेड़

सही विकल्प है (क) गेरुन।

The writer of Natyasastra is Bharata. 

B) Nataraj Rama Krishna

सही विकल्प है (क) राइन।

Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed in response to the call.

1. Dynamic binding:
Dynamic binding (also known as late binding) means the code associated with a given procedure is not known until the time of the call at runtime.

2. Message passing:
An object-oriented program consists of a set of objects that communicate with each other the process of programming in an object-oriented language, and so it involves the following Basic steps

• Creating classes that objects and their behaviour.
• Creating objects from class definitions, and
• Establishing communication among objects.

A class may be defined as a collection of similar objects. In other words, it is a general name for all similar objects. In the OOPs concept the variables declared inside a class are known as “Data Members” and the functions are known as “Member Functions”.

Object-oriented programming is the method of programming, where a system is considered as a collection of objects that interact together to accomplish certain tasks. Objects are entities that encapsulate data and procedures that operate on the data.

The main purpose of object-oriented programming is to simplify the design, programming and most importantly debugging of a program. So to modify a particular data, it is easy to identify which function to use.

Data encapsulation and inheritance are two important characteristics of OOP.

Major difference between Structured Programming Language and Object-Oriented

Programming Language are:

Message passing is a method by which an object sends data to another object or requests another object to invoke a method. It acts like a messenger from one object to another object to convey specific instructions.

1. Procedural programming technique:

It is a list of instructions telling a computer, step-by-step, what to do, usually having a linear order of execution from the first statement to the second and so forth with occasional loops and branches. Procedural programming languages include c, C++, etc.,
Some of the benefits of the procedural programming methodology are:

• Easy to read program code.
• Easily maintainable program code, as various procedures can be debugged in isolation.
• The code is more flexible as one can change a specific procedure that gets implemented across the program.

2. Structured programming technique:
Structured programming deals only with logic and code, and suggests making use of programming structures such as sequence, selection, iteration and modularity in programs.

Features:

• It focuses on techniques for developing good computer programs and problem solution.
• It is most important to consider single-entry and single-exit control in a program and structures.
• Structured code is like a page, which can be read from the top to bottom without any backward references.
• Read from top to bottom makes the code easy to read, test, debug, and maintain.
• It focuses on techniques for developing good computer programs and problem solution.
• It is most important to consider single-entry and single-exit control in a program and structures.
• Structured code is like a page, which can be read from the top to bottom without any backward references.
• Read from top to bottom makes the code easy to read, test, debug, and maintain.

3. Object-oriented technique:
Object-oriented programming is a method of programming where a system is considered as a collection of objects that interact together to accomplish certain tasks. Objects are entities that encapsulate data and procedures that operate on the data. The main purpose of object-oriented programming is to simplify the design, programming and most importantly debugging a program.

So to modify a particular data, it is easy to identify which function to use. The important elements of OOP are objects, classes, abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance.

Programs are divided into objects

• Data structures are designed such that, they characterize the objects.
• Functions that operate on the data of an object are tied together in the data structure.
• Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions.
• Objects may communicate with each other through functions.
• New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary.
• It follows a bottom-up approach in program design.
• Concentration is on data rather than on procedures.

Through inheritance, we can eliminate redundant code and extend the use of existing classes.

• It saves the program development time and higher productivity.
• The use of data hiding helps the programmer to build secure programs that cannot be invaded by code, in other parts of the program.
• It is possible to have multiple instances of an object to co-exist without any interference.
• It is possible to map objects in the program domain to those objects in the program.
• It is easy to partition the work in a project based on objects.
• It can be upgraded from small to large systems.
• It makes the interface descriptions with external systems much simpler by using message passing techniques.
• Software complexity can be easily managed.