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We love and respect our parents. We must be sure to be loving and respectful in our everyday behaviour and actions. They work, laugh, sacrifice – all only for their children -US! When we behave respectfully and lovingly with elders, the cards or a special day in the year are just a formality.

Our feelings for our parents are unconditional. We don’t say ‘if they do something, only then will we do something in return, while interacting with elders in the family. We cannot be loving, caring, obedient and helpful only on a Father’s/Mother’s Day. We have to be all these towards our parents and elders EVERY DAY.

So ‘Every day is Mother’s/Father’s Day!’

(a) Father’s attire – soggy 

(b) Father’s tea – weak 

(c) Father’s footwear – muddy 

(d) Father’s food – stale 

(e) Father’s eyesight – dim

i. (a) Member

ii. (b) Register of Members

iii. (c) minor

iv. (a) Application and Allotment of shares

v. (a) Termination of membership

vi. (b) receive notice and agenda of a meeting

The family members seems selfish and uncaring. The father drinks weak tea and eats stale food on his return. It is possible to serve fresh food, to the bread-winner returning home even if it is the most simple or poorest of food. If he has a wife then she does not seem to care much about his well being.

The poet clearly states that the children have refused to share any lighter moments or conversation with their father. Probably the mother’s behaviour has made the children also treat him this way. If it is poverty they are facing then the family seems selfish in demanding he work for them but not even offering their company or kindness in return.

‘Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes. The ‘unseeing’ is transferred to eyes. The eyes are seeing but his mind is not registering any sight. So the quality of ‘not seeing’ is given to the eyes.

Our parents love us from the moment we are born. They watch us grow up and give us everything they can. They try to fulfil our wishes to the maximum extent possible. They work hard. The father works outside the home and the mother in the home. They spend their time, energy and resources on the children.

The children should realize that their parents do so much for them. We must not take their sacrifice for granted. We can never repay them. We must at least try and give them comfort and joy. It is our first duty to obey and love our parents and look after them when they grow old and unable to take care of themselves.

Distance I travel for an hour to work, and an hour back. This is the exact distance of the track Between myself and the people whom I go to in a place called home.

1. Children avoid expressing themselves – Hostility of children 

2. Father was deprived of refreshing hot beverages or nourishing diet – His basic daily requirements were also not catered to. 

3. The father was destined to listen only to the crackling sounds on media – The father could not even have some entertainment by himself on the radio. 

4. His sordid present is devoid of any hope – He could only indulge in imagination about his past and future. 

5. The father’s endless commuting distance him from his children – Father is not less than any tribal wanderer, a modern nomad.

(i) We should brush our teeth twice a day as bacteria present in the mouth, produce acids by degradation of sugar and food particles remaining in the mouth after eating.
(ii) The best way to prevent this is to clean the mouth using toothpastes which are generally basic. These can neutralize the excess acid and prevent tooth decay.
(iii) Awareness, caring, health consciousness.

Tenzing and Hillary were well-informed about the flat side of the summit, its steep rise, rocky and snowy sides too. It was decided that Tenzing would lead the mission followed by Hillary in the beginning and this position would be alternated. They would be tied together by a rope. They started early from camp nine. Tenzing carried the flags of Britain, the United Nations, Nepal and India to be put on the top of Mount Everest.

They steadily climbed for an hour and faced the difficulties of steep rocks on the west side. The last fifty feet to the top was made easier by their togetherness and they officially announced that without making any attempts to take the credit for conquering Mt. Everest first. Four flags were put by Tenzing wearing the red scarf gifted by his friend. Both of them stayed safely at the top for fifteen minutes.

• Ashish: Hey Mayank ! when is your next plan for mountaineering?
• Mayank: Yes, I am planning for some days in September – October. Are you interested in joining? 
• Ashish: Yes, I am. But I’m not very confident. 
• Mayank: Then we will go to Mount Kilimanjaro to start with. But before that you must begin with small practices like walking, stair climbing and may be uphill hiking a bit. 
• Ashish: What are the usual equipments that we need? You must be having most of them? 
• Mayank: Honestly speaking, we need a lot of equipments and yes, I have some. But let’s visit a mountaineering equipment shop one day to get an idea of the latest ones, convenient as well as inexpensive. I have the basic ones like tent, headlight, map, compass, cap, jackets, gloves, sunscreen, lip balm, etc. 
• Ashish: Oh ! You have quite a lot. Let’s visit the shop tomorrow.
• Mayank: But you need to talk to a fitness expert to get the guidance because a fit climber spends less energy. He will suggest what type of fitness regime we should follow as well as can recommend a good trainer.
• Ashish: Yes, I know. Mental and physical fitness are the main ingredients for the success of a mountaineer. Tomorrow, I’ll come to your place and we’ll plan everything. We have to start as soon as possible. 
• Mayank: You are most welcome. See you tomorrow.

(a) signed – The advocate took all the signed documents to the court.

(b) prized – My grandmother’s diary is a prized possession for me.

(c) flattened – On the highway we were in great trouble due to the flattened tyre.

(d) boiled – My sister loves to eat boiled egg.

(a) Red Scarf: The red scarf was given to Tenzing by his good friend Lambert who was the leader of the Swiss Expedition of 1952. This scarf reminded Tenzing of their successful mission, a year ago and rejuvenated him to feel fit, energetic, and excited for the completion of another mission. 

(b) Husiar: This code-mixing makes Tenzing’s knowledge about mountaineering clearer to the readers. Both Tenzing and Hillary did not take it easy while climbing down. After successful completion, they were not overconfident and were fully aware of the technique and caution needed for the downward journey.

(c) Kerosene Flavored Tea: This tea was brought by C.W.F. Noyce for Tenzing and Hillary from camp eight and he had to do a lot of climbing up and down for that. Some amount of Kerosene got mixed with the tea as it was made in a hurry. Tenzing did not make Mr. Noyce feel guilty as both the mountaineers were grateful for getting hot tea at a time when they needed it the most. The gentleman had taken so much trouble to serve them tea and they were not bothered about its flavour.

(d) Ice Axe: Tenzing used his ice-axe to tie one end of the four flags of Britain, the United Nations and Nepal and the other end was held up by him. Hillary took his pictures holding all the flags up. But he needed his ice axe for climbing down. So he had to remove his ice-axe and buried one end of the flags in the snow on the slope down below and other end in the ice on the top. Obviously, they fell down but Tenzing had no choice but to remove his ice-axe.

(e) Anchor: An anchor is a person who is strong and reliable. He makes people feel safe and confident. In mountaineering, the man who follows while climbing has a difficult job both in climbing up and climbing down. Tenzing and Hillary decided to alternate this job of anchoring so that the person leading feel safer. This proved that their expedition was a team-work where both shared the responsibility of being the anchor in order to have a successful mission.

Every coin has two sides, so do adventure sports. Adventure sports do have some benefits.

They are as follows: 

1. Boost self-confidence. 

2. Stay mentally sharp. 

3. Help to cope with challenges in life. 

4. Spark the desire to explore.

However, the negative aspects of adventure sports can be quite disturbing. 

1. They can cause serious health issues. 

2. They are obviously very dangerous. 

3. Regular safety precautions may not be stringently followed to prevent life threatening injuries. 

It depends on the individual to assess his/her own character traits as well as the pros and cons of the sport, to come to the final decision to take part in any adventure sports with proper training.

The rope was a symbol of togetherness of Hillary and Tenzing as it was used to tie them, one following the other. It was also the proof that climbing the summit of Mt. Everest needed a teamwork and the two members of their team respected and considered each other important.

1. Tenzing and Hillary embraced each other saying “We have done it.” 

2. Tenzing showed his gratitude to God by praying silently for the fulfillment of his desire of climbing the Everest after having failed six times. His offerings were biscuits, candy and a little blue pencil which his daughter Nima had requested him to put on the top of the mountain. 

3. Hillary took the photograph of Tenzing holding aloft the flags of Great Britain, Nepal, the United Nations and India.

Hillary smiled because he understood the emotion of Tenzing. The blue pencil was given to Tenzing by his youngest daughter, Nima, and it was one of her prized possessions. She parted with it with the expectation that her father would conquer the summit and the offering of the blue pencil was her way of showing gratefulness to God. Her father would fulfill her wish.

After reaching the summit Tenzing felt exhilarated. He forget about the tiredness. His first thought was a sense of gratitude to god who had blessed him with the fulfillment of his desire after having failed six time.

Both Tenzing and Hillary were not thinking of being the first to reach the summit since climbing took all their attention. Their main thought was that one could not do that job alone and only a difference of one thousand feet could decide the position which could be found by the person coming behind.

3. I offered a silent prayer to God in my heart. 

5. My daughter Nima gave me a blue pencil, one of her prized possessions, to put at the summit as her offering to God. 

1. I ate some biscuits and offered some to Hillary. 

2. I wore the red scarf given to me by my friend, ah the way up the mountain from Darjeeling. 

4. At the summit I felt absolutely fit.

1. quench 

2. exhilaration

This worry is not as important as many other worries you have.

When many evils like cruelty, selfishness, deceit, revenge etc., take control of human being, man behaves in an abnormal manner. Then he loses his divinity and human virtues like mercy, pity, peace and love get distorted in his brain. The poet explains that every individual should be given freedom of expression. Oppressive tendencies lead to mystery and suspicion in the mind of the concerned individual. In distress, he is unable to find comfort from them. Thus the good qualities of mercy, pity, love and peace get distorted in human brain due to our evil practices.

जब बहुत-सी बुराइयाँ जैसे क्रूरता, स्वार्थ, छल, प्रतिशोध आदि मनुष्य पर नियंत्रण कर लेती हैं, तो मनुष्य ‘ असामान्य व्यवहार करने लगता है। तब उसका देवत्व समाप्त हो जाता है और मानवीय गुण जैसे दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्रेम उसके मस्तिष्क में विकृत होने लगते हैं। कवि स्पष्ट करता है कि प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को स्वयं को व्यक्त करने की स्वतंत्रता दी जानी चाहिए। दमनकारी प्रवृत्तियाँ सम्बन्धित व्यक्ति के मस्तिष्क में सन्देह और रहस्य को जन्म देती हैं। परेशानी में वह उनसे राहत पाने में असमर्थ रहता है। इस प्रकार हमारी बुरी आदतों के कारण मानव मस्तिष्क में दया, करुणा, प्रेम व शान्ति के गुण विकृत हो जाते हैं।

Whenever we are in distress, we pray for mercy, pity, peace and love in our life.

जब भी हम परेशानी में होते हैं, हम अपने जीवन में दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्रेम के लिए प्रार्थना करते हैं।

The poet, William Blake says that God dwells in the people in whom dwell the virtues of mercy, pity and love. The poet equates these qualities with God as well as with man. He believes that these qualities are the characteristics of God and the man who possesses them is divine.

कवि विलियम ब्लेक कहता है कि भगवान उन लोगों में बसता है जिनमें दया, करुणा और प्रेम के गुण बसते हैं। कवि इन गुणों को भगवान और मनुष्य के समान मानती हैं। उसका मानना है कि ये गुण भगवान के गुण हैं और वह व्यक्ति जो उन्हें धारण करता है दैवीय होता है।

Whenever we are in distress, we pray for mercy, pity, peace and love in our life.

जब भी हम परेशानी में होते हैं, हम अपने जीवन में दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्रेम के लिए प्रार्थना करते हैं।

All should love the human form because it embodies the divine qualities of mercy, pity, peace and love.

सभी को मानव शरीर से प्रेम करना चाहिये क्योंकि यही दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्रेम के दैवीय गुणों को धारण करता है।

The poet says that the virtues of mercy, pity, love and peace find embodiment in human features-heart, face, body and dress. Mercy resides in human heart, pity is reflected from human face, love pervades human body and like dress, peace makes humans look elegant and civilized.

कवि कहता है कि दया, करुणा, प्रेम और शान्ति के गुण मानवीय चीजों हृदय, चेहरा, शरीर और वस्त्र में साकार रूप पाते हैं। दया मानव हृदय में वास करती है, करुणा मानव के चेहरे से झलकती है, प्रेम का संचार मानव शरीर में होता है और वस्त्र के समान शान्ति मानव को शालीन और सभ्य दिखाती है।

According to the poet, man can become divine by imbibing four qualities which the poet calls the virtues of delight. They are mercy, pity, peace and love. These are the virtues which characterise God. When these are found in a man, he can become divine.

कवि के अनुसार, मनुष्य चार गुणों, जिनको कवि सुखदायक गुण कहता है, को आत्मसात कर दैवीय बन | सकता है। ये गुण हैं दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्यार। ये वे गुण हैं जो भगवान को चरितार्थ करते हैं। जब ये किसी व्यक्ति में पाये जाते हैं तो वह व्यक्ति दैवीय बन सकता है।

God is our father because He has mercy, pity and love for us and brings peace in our life.

ईश्वर हमारा पिता है क्योंकि वह हमारे प्रति दया, करुणा व प्रेम रखता है तथा हमारे जीवन में शान्ति लाती है।

The poem ‘The Divine Image’ is about four virtues – mercy, pity, peace and love. The poet calls them the virtues of delight. These virtues are charactistics of God. The poet says that these are characteristics of man too. It implies that these are divine as well as human virtues. When a person prays to God, he prays to these virtues. The poet says that all persons of all the regions of the earth must imbibe and love these virtues irrespective of their religion and culture.

कविता ‘The Divine Image’ चार गुणों- दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्रेम के बारे में है। कवि इन्हें सुखदायक गुण कहता है। ये गुण भगवान को चरितार्थ करते हैं। कवि कहता है कि ये मनुष्य को भी चरितार्थ करते हैं। इसका अर्थ हुआ कि ये गुण दैवीय और मानवीय भी हैं। जब कोई व्यक्ति भगवान से प्रार्थना करता है वह इन गुणों से प्रार्थना करता है। कवि कहता है कि पृथ्वी के सभी क्षेत्रों के सभी लोगों को अपने धर्म और संस्कृति की परवाह किये बिना इन गुणों को अपने अन्दर लाना और इनसे प्रेम करना चाहिये।

The poem, ‘The Divine Image’ suggests that the image of God is reflected in human beings. God is characterised by mercy, pity, peace and love. Since God made man in his own image, man also has these virtues. Thus the poem suggests that in his best qualities, man embodies God Himself.

कविता ‘The Divine Image’ यह सन्देश देती है कि मानव में भगवान का रूप दिखायी देता है। भगवान में दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्रेम के गुण होते है। क्योंकि भगवान ने मनुष्य को अपने रूप में ही बनाया है, मानव में भी ये गुण है। इस प्रकार कविता यह सन्देश देती है कि अपने सर्वश्रेष्ठ गुणों में मानव स्वयं भगवान को साकार करता है।

Mercy, pity, peace and love are the virtues of delight. They bring a positive effect in our life and help us come out of misfortunes.

दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्रेम प्रसन्नतादायक गुण हैं। ये हमारे जीवन में सकारात्मक प्रभाव लाते हैं और हमें परेशानियों से उबरने में सहायता करते हैं।

Context : In this poem the poet describes his love for nature. Lucy is the lovely creation of poet’s imagination. Nature also is affected by her charms and merits. So she herself takes the responsibility of bringing Lucy up according to her own plan. 

Explanation: In this stanza the poet says that nature will serve Lucy as an ideal school where she will learn many traits in a sympathetic atmosphere. She will learn from the clouds the majestic way of walking. She will learn humility and politeness from willow trees. Storm will teach her to be active and powerful. In this way Lucy will easily learn many traits and thus her character and personality will be moulded. 

Reference : These lines have been selected from the poem Education of Nature composed by William Wordsworth. 

[ N.B. : The above reference will be used for all the explanations of this poem.] 

Context: Lucy is a lovely creation of the poet’s imagination. She is the child of nature, sweet innocent and heavenly. 

Explanation : In this opening stanza we note that Lucy is an imaginary child of Wordsworth. Nature also is affected by her charm and merits. So she herself takes the responsibility of bringing her up. For three years Lucy lived in the open atmosphere of nature. Then nature regarded her as the most beautiful girl ever born on this earth. So she decided to look after her herself and to make her a lady according to her own plan. 

The tiger was oblivious to the guests because he views humans to be emotionless. He doesn’t like anyone because no one has ever tried to help him get out of the cage.

Because its freedom had been restricted, the tiger was enraged and enraged. He was forced to live in a very small cage. It was unable to express its rage and violence since it was imprisoned in the small cage.

Context : In these lines the poet describes his love for nature. Lucy is the lovely creation of poet’s imagination. Nature also is affected by her charm and merits. So she herself takes the responsibility of bringing her up according to her own plan. 

Explanation: In this stanza nature says that Lucy will be as active and fre She will freely roam in the plains, near the springs of mountains, across the lawn and everywhere else. In moving freely she will be mad with joy. She will exhale sweet fragrance everywhere. She will learn from inanimate objects of nature to be calm and serious.

False statements: 

1. Setting describes the behaviour of the characters in the story. 

2. The main character in the story is referred to as the ‘novella’. 

6. ‘Plot’ is the narrative style of the author. 

Corrected statements: 

1. Characterization describes the behaviour of the characters in the story. 

2. The main character in the story is referred to as the ‘protagonist’. 

6. Plot is the course of events that make up the theme.

The types of novels are: 

Realistic Novel, Picaresque Novel, Historical Novel, Epistolary Novel, Gothic Novel, Autobiographical Novel, Allegorical Novel, Utopian/Dystopian Novel, Psychological Novel, Stream of Consciousness Novel, Bildungsroman Novel.

2. The novel originated as the literary form in England. 

4. Many stalwart novelists such as Charles Dickens, Walter Scott became famous. 

1. Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao were the major trio who prevailed in the period after that. 

3. Indian novelists like Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai have dazzled with their writing.

Feeding colostrum in the first few days is essential for preventing infections in a newly born baby.

Correct option is  B) 1.414

(B) 68 cm

L_Cu α_Cu ∆T = L_Al α_Al ∆T

∴ 88 × (1.7 × 10^-5) = L_Al(2.2 × 10^-5)

∴ L_Al = \(\frac{88\times1.7}{2.2}\)

∴ L_Al = 68 cm

Heat absorbed by 27 g of aluminium in raising its temperature by 1ºC.

Q = mc∆T

= 27 × 0.2 × 1

= 5.4 cal

= 5.4 × 4.2

= 22.68 J.

Therefore, increase in energy per atom of Al

= \(\frac{22.68}{6\times10^{23}}\) 

= 3.78 × 10^-23 J.

Correct Option is (B) Double

Using ideal gas equation : PV = nRT

If n is double then pressure will be double

Correct option is (B) double

Correct Option is (B) the square root of its absolute temperature

We know that , root mean square velocity

\(V_{rms} = \sqrt \frac{3RT}{M}\)

where, R = Gas constant

T = absolute temperature

M = Molecular mass in kg/mole

(B) the square root of its absolute temperature

Correct Option (c) 400 ms^–1 

Explanation: 

Root mean square velocity does not depends upon the quantity of gas. For a given gas and at constant temperature it always remains same.

The property of a liquid due to which its free surface tries to have minimum surface area is called surface tension. A small liquid drop has spherical shape due to surface tension. Surface tension of a liquid is measured by the force acting per unit length on either side of an imaginary line drawn on the free surface of liquid, then T = (F/L). 

(1) It depends only on the nature of liquid and is independent of the area of surface or length of line considered. 

(2) It is a scalar as it has a unique direction which is not to be specified. 

(3) Dimension : [MT^–2]. (Similar to force constant) 

(4) Units : N/m (S.I.) and Dyne/cm [C.G.S.]