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(D) Flood plain

(D) Vegetation

Main stages of the water cycle: Humidity: The amount of invisible water vapour present in the atmosphere is known as humidity.

Evaporation: The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere due to solar radiation.

Condensation: The transformation of Water vapour to liquid water droplets in the air, creating clouds and fog. Precipitation: Condensed water vapour that falls to the earth’s surface.

a) Chitravathi River is a tributary of the river Penna river system of Andhra Pradesh.

b) Krishna, Godavari are the two major rivers of Andhra Pradesh.

The maximum amount of evaporation would take place from Oceans.

(B) Western Ghats

Yes, I have observed dew during mornings and evenings on car roofs, grass leaves, and railings etc.

Water gets stored in rivers, canals, tanks, well, ocean, aquifers, underground water, clouds etc.

As the river becomes bigger and broader, its flow gets slower.

(A) April – May – June

The Krishna, The Godavari, The Cauvery, The Penna, The Mahanadi, etc.

Clouds travel inland for thousands of kilometres to bring rain to us. These winds come all the way from the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal and they transport the rainy clouds. They are called “Monsoon winds’. 

They are also called ‘South West Monsoon winds, as they blow from that direction. Their winds blow only in the summer. There are two arms of the monsoon winds: One blows from the Arabian sea and the other from the Bay of Bengal. When the South-West monsoon sets around the beginning of June the winds carrying the clouds also reach Andhra Pradesh. These winds reach the Rayalaseema districts of Chittoor and Kurnool first. However they bring very little rain as most of the moisture in the clouds falls down in rain in the Western Ghats and only dry clouds and winds, reach Rayalaseema. The mountain ranges like the Western Ghats in the path of a rain-bearing wind cause them to rise. Rising air cools down and water vapour condenses faster. Further ascent leads to rainfall.

No, the rivers in our area do not contain water throughout the year; Our elders also expressed the same.

(C) 1 & 2 only

The water is boiled it changes as water vapour, then water vapour gets cooled and changes as water.

Yes. I have experienced the hail storm.

(C) precipitation

(C) YSR Kadapa

1. A river does not contain the same amount of water all year round. While the river is full during the rainy season, it usually shrinks during the dry season. We can see that the river trough is very wide and it has high banks. 

2. This valley is filled with sand and gravel. The river flows as a small stream amidst them. 

3. We will notice that there are no trees here. 

4. This is because every year when it rains heavily, this valley is filled with water allowing no permanent trees or plants to grow here. 

5. This treeless bed is called the flood – plain of the river. All major rivers have their flood plains.

In the winter.

71% of water on the earth’s surface.

(B) evaporation

As the clouds continue to rise upwards, it gets cooler and more droplets are formed. The droplets get together to form bigger drops. As they get heavier it gets more and more difficult for them to remain in the air and so they begin to fall as raindrops. So it is necessary for the clouds to rise in order to cause rain.

a) The river water is confined to the tiny stream in the dry season.

b) The water is confined to the flood plain only.

c) under the section ‘Conceptual Understanding’.

d) Floods are beneficial to agricultural fields if they are harvested in air wells, dew ponds, canals, tanks and check dams, etc.

Yes, I have experienced drought years in which it rained very little

(A) there is heat

(B) condensation

(B) form as clouds

The smaller the pH the more the H⁺ (aq) ions concentration would be.

Hence, the pH values of 0, 2, 4 and 6 in the increasing value of H⁺ (aq) ions concentration is: -

6 < 4 < 2 < 0

When milk changes into a curd, its PH value decreases i.e. lactose gets converted into lactic acid. As more of acid is formed, its PH value decreases.

When fresh milk turns into curd, its pH value will decrease. This is because lactic acid is produced when milk changes into curd.

When milk changes into curd (yogurt), its pH value decreases.This is becaus, during curd formation, Iactic acid is produced which rnakes it acidic.

(B) Condensation

Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When it changes into curd its pH will decrease as curd contains lactic acid making the curd comparatively more acidic in nature than the fresh milk.

When milk changes into curd, its pH will decrease. Because curd contain acid so H⁺ increases and thus pH will decrease.

Since the drikts are edible, Dorji can take the decision by tasting the drinks. Acidic drinks will be sour to taste where as basic drinks will be bitter to taste and neutral drinks will have no taste. He can also use litmus paper to identify the acid, base and neutral drink, by just dropping few drops of drink on litmus paper and can take the decision according to the following :

1. If it turns blur, drink is basic. 

2. If it turns red, drink is acidic. 

3. If it turns any other colour, drink is neutral.

Answer is Decreases

The concentration of H⁺ ions is responsible for the acidic nature of a substance.

If [H⁺] > 1 × 10^-7 mol/lit the solution is acidic. 

If [H⁺] < 1.0 × 10⁷ mol/lit the solution is basic.

Aqueous Solution: The solution in which the solvent is water.

(i)  False 

(ii)  False 

(iii) True 

(iv) True 

(v) False

1. Distilled water does not contain impurities. 

2. It is also extremely weak electrolyte. 

3. So it does not dissociate into ions. 

4. It does not have charge carriers. 

5. Because of that it does not conduct electricity.

Strength of acid depends on extent of ionisation. 

Organic acids do not undergo 100% ionisation. Their ionisation is less than 30%. There is equilibrium between ionised and unionised molecules whereas mineral acids undergo complete ionisation. 

So mineral acids behave like strong acids when compared with organic acids.

The concentration of a Solution: The amount of solute present per unit volume or per unit mass of the solution.

(b) Electron deficiency

Pure acetic acid is a weak acid so it does not have sufficient H⁺_(aq) ion to change the colour of blue litmus to red.

The reasons for pure acetic acid does not conduct electricity are :

i) Acetic acid is a weak acid. 

ii) It gives fewer H₃ O⁺ ions.

(i) B (ii) B (iii) Ammonium hydroxide

Sodium acetate, COCOON 

Direct addition of dil. H₂SO₄ to PbCO₃ is an impractical method of preparing lead sulphate since PbSO₄ is insoluble and forms a coating on PbCO₃ , thereby the reaction slowly comes to a stop.