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India is a country of villagers and vast number of Indians are engaged in farming. Mahatma Gandhi knew that during freedom struggle his focus was to address the issues of farmers. He dressed like farmers. His involvement in Indian politics began in Champaran when he successfully resolved the issues of farmers. He stood for farmers against excesses of the British government like high taxes and oppressive tax collections. 

Apart from all the above, mystery also surrounded the personality of Mahatma Gandhi. Many believed he was endowed with supernatural powers. Stories spread that those who spoke ill of Mahatma Gandhi suffered natural calamities. 

Thus, farmers perceived Mahatma Gandhi as their saviour and still many believed he was bestowed with the power to perform miracles.

Private letters and autobiographies are important source of individual’s life and views. Many of our freedom struggle leaders wrote autobiographies and letters and today they are our great record about them and history too. The autobiographies and letters tell us the following things about an individual. 

1.Autobiographies and letters throw light on the interests of an individual. Let us take an example, Nehru wrote letters to his daughter Indira describing the events of world history, today it is known as the book, ” Glimpses of the World History”. These letters show that Nehru had great interest in history. These letters show also the views of the author. For example, Nehru talks highly of the socilaist government of USSR in his autobiography. 

2.These autobiographies and letters are a good source of information of the social life of those days in India. Dr Rajendra Prasad has given vivid description of the village life that he saw as a child in his village. 

3.Above all these autobiographies and letters are great source of history too. Nehru in his autobiography has explained in details about the obstinate approach of Moslem League towards solving the minority problem in India. 

These sources were diffferent from the official accounts. This is manifested in the following points: 

1.The official accounts are done by individuals but they work under the guidelines of the government. Thus, views that run against the government remain stifled. In addition, the author would not have the freedom of focused area. He would be required to write only on topics already defined. However, in autobiographies and letters one can choose anything of personal interest. Dr Rajendra Prasad gives a vivid description of his school and college days in his autobiography. This is not possible in any government account. 

2.The autographic letters throw light on the personal life of individual leaders and show these events shaped the thought process of these leaders in future life. Mahatma Gandhi described how he was thrown out of the first class compartment of the train in South Africa because he was not a white man. He describes the struggle inside on how to protest and later how he took to non -violent means of protest.

Gandhiji came to India back from South Africa in 1915. In 1917 he went to Champaran in Bihar to fight for the cause of farmers who were forced to grow indigo by the British government. The farmers movement proved successful as the British government accepted the demands of the farmers. Since that time to 1943 when he was assassinated, he occupied the central place in the politics of India. The fact is Mahatma Gandhi is the chief protagonist of the Indian Freedom Struggle. 

Mahatma Gandhi changed the nature of freedom movement and this can be elaborated by the following points: 

1.When Gandhiji joined Indian politics, the freedom movement was limited to the middle class. Everybody who participated in the political movements was educated and product of the English education. Gandhiji made it all pervasive, now people from villages, poor people, labours, workers, and students all became part of the freedom struggle. However, there are people who find fault with the act of Gandhiji. They point out that Mahatma Gandhi used religious symbols to popularise the freedom movement that in long term gave fillip to communal politics. It is notable that the Age of Gan-lhi is also the age of the Rise of Moslem League in Indian politics. Eminent author Nirad C Choudhary has also criticised Mahatma Gandhi for making the freedom movement a mass movement by short cuts. 

2.Mahatma Gandhi has to be credited with emancipation of women and their participation in the public life at a scale not known in Indian history. Women were very prominent in picketing activities against shops selling foreign goods. The freedom movement gave some prominent woman leaders viz. Sarojini Naidu, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur and many more. 

3.For Mahatma Gandhi freedom movement was also a platform for social reforms. He spoke in favour of place of dignity and respects for depressed classes. He made end to untouchability a fundamental objective of his political philosophy. Thus Mahatma Gandhi made freedom movement a mass movement and a movement much beyond politics.

 Gandhiji used to work on charkha. He made it a symbol of our freedom movement. Following are the reasons for making it the symbol of our freedom struggle. 

(a)Charkha symbolised manual labour. 

(b)Gandhiji wanted to attach respect to manual labour. On charkha people worked with their own hand. 

(c)Charkha was a low investment product hence anyone can afford it. It was a boost to the small scale industries. 

(d)Charkha as it dignified manual labour. It also promoted the culture of doing one’s own work. It would also strike at the root of caste system. 

(e)Charkha was used as tool to keep British imported clothes.Thus, Charkha became a symbol of Indian nationalism.

Correct Answer is : (c) Germany

Opening Of Vanitha Canteen Near Athani Junction

The Ayalkkoottam Unit of Athani is planning to open a Vanitha Canteen for wayfarers and locals very close to the Athani Junction, on the NH 47. The Canteen will be managed by a Committee consisting of only women. The primary aim of opening the Canteen is building self-confidence among women to undertake new initiatives. It will also bring in financial benfiets to the Ayalkkootam for planning and executing other welfare services in the locality. Since Athani is a busy junction, close to the Kochi Airport, the Canteen is expected to have a lot of customers. Since the prices are below what is charged by similar places run by private persons, it is expected that Canteen will prove a success.

If you are near the airport for any reason you may visit this Canteen and have nice meals or snacks at quite reasonable prices. The authorities say customers can expect excellent personalized service in their Canteen.

i. The film finishes at 10 o’clock in the evening.

ii. She usually visits me on Saturday afternoon.

iii. I usually go to bed at midnight on Sunday.

iv. She met me at the Prize Distribution Ceremony in a hotel.

v. They sailed across the sea and took rest on the sea shore.

vi. Indians celebrate Republic Day on the 26^th of January.

vii. Ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital.

viii. Riya is in the room.

ix. Will you walk into the movie hall?

x. The work was in a mess.

Correct option is D. Rehiring retirees

Correct option is B. Intermediate level

Correct option is D. All of the above

Palladium Building,

27, Avenue Road,

Cuffe Parade,

Mumbai- 400 005.

23rd November,2013.

Dear Mr. Inglis,

       It was a great pleasure to read the article about you in the Times of India, written by Sharmila Ganesan-Ram. She has beautifully mentioned about your achievement of scaling the summit of Mt. Everest despite being a double amputee.

       After reading this article, I totally agree with you that ‘Disability is a state of mind.’ Your achievements are incredible. We have realised that we should not crib over small things in life and dedicatedly focus on our goals.

      The story of your achievements is highly inspirational for all of us. Your incredible achievement motivates the youth, who aspire to scale Mount Everest, but hesitate to do so due to lack of confidence.

      We would like to meet you personally and congratulate you on your spectacular achievements. Thanking You.

Yours sincerely, 

Jennifer Fernandes.

Correct option is D. All of the above

Student : Today is a great day to meet you Mr. Mark Inglis. Your achievements have always been a source of inspiration for us.

Mark Inglis : My pleasure too!

Student : How did you feel when you were stuck in an ice cave for thirteen days?

Mark Inglis : The experience was really horrifying in that extreme cold, but still my fellow mate and I kept on praying for relief.

Student : Why did you choose your career in wine making when mountaineering was your passion?

Mark Inglis : Initially, climbing the mountains on prosthetic legs was not only very painful, but frustrating too. As a result, I took up wine making as a career.

Student : Do you really believe that “Disability is a state of mind?”

Mark Inglis : Yes, according to me “Disability is totally a state of mind”. Our body functions the way we command it. And this has been proven by a double amputee scaling the summit of the Mt. Everest.

Student : How did you get the idea of scaling Mt. Everest?

Mark Inglis : When I first scaled Mt. Cook with my prosthetic legs, I gained the courage to scale the Mt. Everest as well.

Student : Please share with us your experience of climbing the Mt. Everest.

Mark Inglis : While climbing the Mt. Everest, people around me were cribbing that it was very hard to climb. They were people with no disability in their body. But, still I did not loose hope and continued to scale the peak.

Student : Sir, please suggest us a way to achieve success in life.

Mark Inglis : To achieve success in life, one should always be ready to take on the challenges. We should not be scared of any difficulty. The attitude ‘I can do it’ will help us a lot.

Student : Thank you Sir, for your valuable time.

Mark Inglis : You are welcome.

Correct option is D. both a and c

Correct option is C. Information gathering

Correct option is D. Ensure future availability of resources

Correct option is D. Variable/Flexible benefit plan

Correct option is A. Need analysis

Correct option is D. Micro motion

Correct option is B. Job rotation

Correct option is D. Selection

(i) Unity 

(ii) Secularism 

(iii) Nationalism 

(iv) Sacrifice 

(v) Tolerance

B. Individual assessment

Correct option is A. Punitive discipline

Correct option is C. Class room lectures

Correct option is A. Ranking

Correct option is (a) Analyzing the application blank

Correct option is B. Unstructured interview

Correct option is B. Stress Interview

Correct option is A. Competency modeling

Correct option is B. Flexitime

Correct option is A. Application bank

Reasons for the launching of the Non-Cooperation Movement: 

(i) Indians were very hopeful that their hardships would end after the First World War was over. But that did not happen.

(ii) The enforcement of Rowlatt Act in 1919: The Act gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. Mahatma Gandhi launched a movement against these unjust laws. But seeing the violence spread, he called off the movement. This had been a widespread movement no doubt but was limited to cities and towns. Gandhiji now wanted to launch a more broad-based movement in India.

(iii) The Khilafat issue: The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. As a result, a harsh peace treaty was imposed on the Ottoman emperor—the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khalifa).

Mahatma Gandhi decided to start a Non-Cooperation Movement in support of Khilafat as well as for Swaraj.

In his famous book Hind Swaraj he declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. He was sure that if Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse and swaraj would come.

Hence, he started Non-Cooperation Movement with full vigour.

In December, Gandhiji went to London for the second Round Table Conference, but the negotiations broke down and he returned disappointed. Back in India, he found that the government had begun a new cycle of repression. Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru were in jail. The Congress had been declared illegal, and a series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings, demonstrations and boycotts. Gandhi became very apprehensive, and without any further delay, he re-launched the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Correct option is B. Supplies forecasting.

Correct option is C. Match the employee expectations

Correct option is D. Analyse the application bank

Correct option is A. Human relations approach

Correct option is A. Repeat or test retest

Correct option is B. Human Relations approach

Non-Cooperation Movement focussed on denying all the facilities, jobs, titles and products provided by the British government in India. Their main motive is to not to cooperate with the British government anymore. 

Gandhiji decided to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 due to the following reasons – 

• In September 1920, Mahatma Gandhi at the Calcutta session of the Congress tried to persuade other leaders that the time has come to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement so that they could get the support for Khilafat and for Swaraj. 
• Gandhiji believed that the British government was able to establish their rule in India because of the cooperation by them. The time when Indians refuse to cooperate, British rule in India will come to an end, and that will be the beginning of the Swaraj. He mentioned this in his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909). 

OR

 As Mahatma Gandhi realised that it was due to the cooperation of the Indians that British rule continued in India. So he decided to launch the Non-Cooperation movement which reaches its destination in stages. The development which led to the launching of the Non-cooperation Movement in 1920 was as follows: 

• The first task was to give up all the titles given to them by the British government and to boycott civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods. If the government try to suppress them, then they will launch the Civil disobedience campaign. 
• Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali travelled to many places throughout the summer of 1920 to gain support for the movement. 
• People were reluctant to accept this and were not ready to boycott the council elections which was planned to hold in November 1920, and there was also the fear that the movement might end up in violence. But later, they negotiated at the Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, and the Non-Cooperation movement was launched.

Correct option is C. HR policy

Correct option is D. Issues that concern the privacy of the applicant

(c) Dadabhai Naoroji

Correct option is B. Elton Mayo

Correct option is A. Organizing

Correct option is C. Orientation is an event where as socialization is an ongoing process

Correct option is D. Contingent approach

Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act: 

(i) The Rowlatt Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members

(ii) It gave the government enormous power to repress political activities.

(iii) Allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

(iv) It was an unjustful law.

Department of Cooperation