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Correct option  (2) x – y – z = 0 

Explanation:

Required equation of plane

(2x – y – 4) + λ (y + 2z – 4) = 0

Required plane passes through (1, 1, 0)

(2 – 1 – 4) + λ (1 + 0 – 4) = 0 

λ = – 1 

(2x – y – 4) – (y + 2z – 4) = 0

2x – 2y – 2z = 0

x – y – z = 0 

Refers to the below link

http://bit.ly/2JKczOi

Correct option  (4) (3, 2, 1)

Explanation:

Equation is (x + y + z – 1) + l(2x + 3y – z + 4) = 0

(1 + 2l)x + (1 + 3l)y + (1 – l)z + 4l – 1 = 

 As it is parallel to y-axis.

Types of vouchers (any three): 

(i) Contra voucher: Used for fund transfer between cash and Bank A/c only. This voucher is used if cash is withdrawn from Bank for office or deposited in the Bank from office. 

(ii) Receipt Voucher: All the inflow of money is recorded through receipt voucher. Such receipts may be towards any income such as receipts from Debtors, loan/advance taken or refund of loan/advance etc. 

(iii) Payment Voucher: All outflow of money is recorded through payment voucher such payments may be towards any purchases, Expenses, due to creditors, loan/advance etc. 

(iv) Journal Voucher: It is an adjustment voucher, normally used for non-cash transactions like adjustment between ledgers.

The Memorandum of Association or MOA is the legal document that has to be filed with the registrar of companies at the time of incorporation of the company. It is often called as a memorandum and is comprised of fundamental conditions on the basis of which a company operates.

The memorandum of association is the most important document that needs to be formulated with utmost care. It is the document that governs the relationship between the company and the outside. Memorandum of Association serves as the constitution of the company that defines all the rules and regulations that must be complied by every company. It is mandatory for every company that wants to get registered as a private/public limited to prepare the memorandum of association.

Once the document is prepared the company cannot perform anything beyond the limit as mentioned in the memorandum of association. Thus, this is considered as a supreme document and comprises of following important clauses:

1. Name Clause: The name of the company that must end with the term “limited”. Also, it must be ensured that the name selected for the company should not resemble with the name of any existing company. Registered 

2. Office Clause: This clause requires to mention the registered office address of the company. 

3. Objective Clause: The objective clause requires to mention clearly the objective behind the incorporation of the company, i.e. the purpose for which the company is being established. 

4. Liability Clause: This clause requires to mention the extent to which the shareholders are liable to pay off the debt obligations in the event of the dissolution of the company. 

5. Capital Clause: Company’s authorized capital along with the nominal value of all kinds of shares need to be disclosed here. Also, the company is required to state the list of its assets over here. 

6. Association Clause: As per this clause, the willingness of shareholders is required with respect to their association with the company. For a public limited company minimum, seven members are required to sign the memorandum, whereas in a case of a private limited company minimum two members are required to do the same.

A functional organization is the most common type of organizational structure. This is where the organization is divided into smaller groups based on its special functions such as IT, finance or marketing. This departmentalization allows greater operational efficiency because the employees have their skills and knowledge to be shared within the group. The basis of this functional organization structure is an arrangement where a worker has different managers for different areas of the organization operation. Since this type of structure has many departments, it could also have several reporting structures as well.

Limitations:

• No credit: Super markets sell their products on cash basis only. No credit facilities are made available to the buyers. This restricts the purchasing power of buyers from such markets.
• No personal attention: Super markets work on the principle of self-service. The customers, therefore, don’t get any personal attention. As a result, such commodities that require personal attention by sales people cannot be handled effectively in super markets.
• Mishandling of goods: Some customers handle the goods kept in the shelf carelessly. This may raise costs in super markets.
• High overhead expenses: Super market incurs high overhead expenses. As a result these have not been able to create low price appeal among the customers.
• Huge capital requirement: Establishing and running a super market requires huge investment. The turnover of a store should be high so that the overheads are kept under reasonable level. This can be possible in bigger towns but not in small towns.

The contribution of small scale industries is remarkable. Thus, government has provided the following institutional support to solve the problem of finance and marketing in the small scale sector: 

1. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural development (NABARD): NABARD was setup in 1982, to promote integrated rural development. Apart from agriculture, it supports small industries, cottage and village industries, and rural artisans. It provides credit and offers counselling and consultancy services and organizes training and development programmes for rural entrepreneurs. 

2. The Rural Small Business Development Centre (RSDC): It was set up by the world association for small and medium enterprises and sponsored by NABARD. It works for the benefit of socially and economically disadvantaged individuals and groups. It aims at providing management and technical support to current and prospective micro and small entrepreneurs in rural areas.

3. National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC): This was setup in 1955 with a view to promote aid and foster the growth of small business units in the country. Functions of NSIC include:

• Supply of machines on easy hire-purchase terms. 
• Procure, supply and distribute raw materials. 
• Export the products of small business units and develop export-worthiness. 
• Mentoring and advisory services. 
• Serve as technology business incubators. 
• Creating awareness on technological up gradation. 
• Developing software technology parks and technology transfer centres. 

4. Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI): SIDBI was set up as an apex bank to provide direct / indirect financial assistance under different schemes, to meet credit needs of small business organizations and to coordinate the functions of other institutions in similar activities. 

Primary key is a key in the relational database that is unique for each record. It consists of minimum possible one or more than one attributes of a table such as telephone number with area code.

Null Values:  Absence of data item is represented by a special value called null value. There are three situations which may require the use of null value.

• When particular attribute does not apply to an entity. 
• Value of an attribute is unknown although it exist. 
•  Unknown because it does not exist.

Complex Attributes :  These are composite and multivalue attributes which may be nested (or grouped) to constitute complex ones. The parenthesis { } are used for showing grouping of components of composite attributes. The braces { } are used for showing the multivalue attributes.

Some of the common incentives provided by the Government for industries in backward and hills areas are as follows:

• Land: Every state offers developed plots for setting up of industries. The terms and conditions may Some states don’t charge rent in the initial years, while some allow payment in installments.
• Power: It is supplied at a concessional rate of 50%, while some states exempt such units from payment in the initial years.
• Water: It is supplied on no-profit, no-loss basis or with 50% concession or exemption from water charges for a period of 5 years. Sales Tax: In all union territories, industries are exempted from sales tax, while some states extend exemption for 5 years period.
• Octroi: Most states have abolished octroi.
• Raw materials: Units located in backward areas get preferential treatment in the matter of allotment of scarce raw materials like cement, iron and steel, etc.
• Finance: Subsidy of 10-15% is given for building capital assets. Loans are also offered at concessional rates. 
• Industrial estates: Some states encourage setting up of industrial estates in backward areas. 
• Tax holiday: Exemption from paying taxes for 5 or 10 years is given to industries established in backward, hilly and tribal areas. 

(d) A public company. 

(c) Column between start and end points of Excel sheet.

A data element is the smallest named unit of data in the information system. In accounting, a transaction consists of four data elements, such as name of the account, accounting code, date of transaction and amount.

Computerised Accounting system takes (i) Accounting transactions as inputs which are processed through (ii) Accounting software to generate reports.

Water pollution.

1. Secured and Unsecured: Secured debentures are such which create a charge on the assets of the company, thereby mortgaging the assets of the company, in the assets of the company.

2. Registered and Bearer: Registered debentures are those which are duly recorded in the register of debenture holders maintained by the company. These can be transferred only through a regular instrument of transfer. In contrast, the debentures which are transferable by mere deliver are called bearer debentures.

3. Convertible and non-convertible: Convertible debentures are those debentures that can be converted into equity shares after the expiry of a specified period. On the other hand, nonconvertible debentures are those such cannot be converted into equity shares.

4. First and second: Debentures that are repaid before other debentures are could are known as first debentures. The second debentures are those which are paid after the first debenture have been paid back

1. Name Clause: It contains the name by which the company will be established. The approval of the proposed name is taken in advance from the Registrar of the companies.

2. Objects Clause: It contains detailed description of the objects and rights of the company, for which it is being established. A company can undertake only those activities which are mentioned in the objects clause of its memorandum.

3. Capital Clause: It contains the proposed authorized capital of the company. It gives the classification of the authorized capital into various types of shares, (like equity and preference shares) with their numbers and nominal value. A company is not allowed to raise more capital than the amount mentioned as its authorized capital. However, the company is permitted to alter this clause as per the guidelines prescribed by the Companies Act.

4. Liability Clause: It contains financial limit up to which the shareholders are liable to pay off to the outsiders on the event of the company being dissolved or closed down.

Conducting the business activities with the help of internet is called e-commerce.

1. Name Clause: It contains the name by which the company will be established. The approval of the proposed name is taken in advance from the Registrar of the companies.

2. Objects Clause: It contains detailed description of the objects and rights of the company, for which it is being established. A company can undertake only those activities which are mentioned in the objects clause of its memorandum. 

3. Capital Clause: It contains the proposed authorised capital of the company. It gives the classification of the authorised capital into various types of shares, (like equity and preference shares) with their numbers and nominal value. A company is not allowed to raise more capital than the amount mentioned as its authorised capital. However, the company is permitted to alter this clause as per the guidelines prescribed by the Companies Act.

4. Liability Clause: It contains financial limit up to which the shareholders are liable to pay off to the outsiders on the event of the company being dissolved or closed down.

Micro environment refers to the strength of are external yet do affect the marketing strategy of a company these peculiarities include the suppliers and the mode of supply, competitors, consumers and the public etc. Generally, these factors are uncontrollable but as compared to the macro factors, these micro, ones is more effective.

Salary is not factory overhead. 

(d) Savings Bank.

Indian Railways. 

The function of decision-making is of Lower management, Middle management and Top management. 

1. Provides Reliability:
The main function of insurance is that eliminates the uncertainty of an unexpected and sudden financial loss. This is one of the biggest worries of a business. Instead of this uncertainty, it provides the certainty of regular payment i.e. the premium to be paid.

2. Protection:
Insurance does not reduce the risk of loss or damage that a company may suffer. But it provides a protection against such loss that a company may suffer. So at least the organisation does not suffer financial losses that debilitate their daily functioning.

3. Pooling of Risk:
In insurance, all the policyholders pool their risks together. They all pay their premiums and if one of them suffers financial losses, then the payout comes from this fund. So the risk is shared between all of them.

4. Legal Requirements:
In a lot of cases getting some form of insurance is actually required by the law of the land. Like for example when goods are in freight, or when you open a public space getting fire insurance may be a mandatory requirement. So an insurance company will help us fulfil these requirements.

5. Capital Formation:
The pooled premiums of the policyholders help create a capital for the insurance company. This capital can then be invested in productive purposes that generate income for the company.

Rajkumar is using question approach. 

Question approach is better to raise question right in the beginning of the conversation with a question. The question can be asked by stating an interesting fact in the form of a question. It attracts the prospect’s attention, motivates a reply and starts two-way communication. Use of question approach can be more result oriented employed with other approaches like benefit or curiosity. To take full advantage of this approach, the question asked needed to be specific and created to the prospect’s taste. These questions must be created around the buying motives.

He had come all the way from Champaran district in the foothills of Himalayas to Lucknow to speak to Gandhi. Shukla accompanied Gandhi everywhere. Shukla followed him to the ashram near Ahmedabad. For weeks he never left Gandhi’s side till Gandhi asked him to meet at Calcutta.

The risk faced by owner while running a business unit are : 

1. Market information risk 

2. Consumer taste and preferences risk 

3. Government policy risk 

4. Capital risk 

5. Operational risk.