Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct option: c) Pressure plate

Correct option: a) Stroke.

Correct option: b) inversely proportional to their diameters.

Correct option: b) smaller pulley

Safety risk management quality revolves around the ability to adequately assess various safety elements such as: 

• Risk control adequacy 
• Likelihood of hazard or mishap occurring; 
• Severity of mishap; 
• What kinds of measures are needed to reduce exposure? 

There are a few general principles that should be followed. Five steps to risk assessment: 

1. Identify the hazard. 

2. Decide who might be harmed and how. 

3. Evaluate the risk and decide on control measures. 

4. Record your findings and implement them. 

5. review your assessment and update it.

Correct option: d) Epicyclic gear train

(i) Slips, trips and falls on the same level 

(ii) falls from height; 

(iii) unguarded machinery; 

(iv) moving machinery, on-site transport, forklifts and cranes; 

(v) exposure to mineral wools and fibres; 

(vi) inhalable agents (gases, vapours, dusts and fumes); 

(vii) skin contact with chemicals (irritants (acids, alkalis), solvents and sensitizers); (viii) contact with hot metal; 

(ix) fire and explosion; 

(x) extreme temperatures;

Correct option: d) Fusible plug

Correct option: b) A low head axial flow turbine

Below are the most common causes of injury and illness in the iron and steel industry:

(i) slips, trips and falls on the same level 

(ii) falls from height 

(iii) unguarded machinery 

(iv) falling objects 

(v) engulfment 

(vi) working in confined spaces 

(vii) moving machinery, on-site transport, forklifts and cranes 

(viii) exposure to controlled and uncontrolled energy sources 

(ix) exposure to asbestos 

(x) exposure to mineral wools and fibres 

(xi) inhalable agents (gases, vapours, dusts and fumes) 

(xii) skin contact with chemicals (irritants (acids, alkalis), solvents and sensitizers) 

(xiii) contact with hot metal 

(xiv) fire and explosion 

(xv) extreme temperatures 

(xvi) radiation (non-ionizing, ionizing) 

(xvii) noise and vibration 

(xviii) electrical burns and electric shock 

(xix) manual handling and repetitive work 

(xx) exposure to pathogens (e.g. legionella) 

(xxi) failures due to automation 

(xxii) ergonomics

(xxiii) lack of OSH training 

(xxiv) poor work organization 

(xxv) inadequate accident prevention and inspection 

(xxvi) inadequate emergency first-aid and rescue facilities 

(xxvii) lack of medical facilities and social protection

Correct option: a) Safety valve

Correct option: a) Pelton turbine

para chlorobenzoic acid is stronger than para fluorobenzoic acid.

Explanation:

We know that Halogens exert both -I and +R effects.  -I effect increases the acid strength while +R effect decreases the acid strength of a carboxylic acid. In the case of para fluorobenzoic  acid, the +R effect dominates over the -I effect. Due to which para fluorobenzoic acid is weaker than para chlorobenzoic acid.

Slip in the belt drive is a phenomenon of the relative motion between belt and pulley. Due to insufficient grip of friction between pulley and belt, there is a relative motion between the belt surface and the surface of pulley, reducing the speed ratio, and hence power transmission.

Correct option: a) To remove sludge

A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational energy. Flywheels have an inertia called the moment of inertia and thus resist changes in rotational speed. The amount of energy stored in a flywheel is proportional to the square of its rotational speed.

(i) Air supplied = \(\cfrac{N_2\times C}{33(CO_2+CO)}\)

Air supplied on the basis of conditions at entry to the economiser

= \(\cfrac{80.3\times80}{33(8.3+0)}\) = 23.45 kg

Air applied on the basis of conditions at exit

= \(\cfrac{80.3\times80}{33(7.9+0)}\) = 24.73 kg

∴ Air leakage = 24.73 – 23.45 = 1.28 kg of air per kg of fuel.

For each kg of fuel burnt, the ash collected is 15% i.e., 0.15 kg. 

∴ Weight of fuel passing up the chimney = 1 – 0.15 = 0.85 kg 

∴ Total weight of products

= Weight of air supplied per kg of fuel + Weight of fuel passing through chimney per kg of fuel 

= 23.45 + 0.85 = 24.3 kg

Heat in flue gases per kg of coal 

= Weight of flue gases × Specific heat × Temperature rise above 0°C 

= 24.3 × 1.05 × (410 – 0) = 10461 kJ 

Heat in leakage air = Weight of leakage air × Specific heat × Temperature rise of air above 0°C

= 1.28 × 1.005 × (20 – 0) = 25.73 kJ. 

We can still consider, in the mixture, the gas and the air as separate and having their own specific heats, but sharing a common temperature t. 

For heat balance : 

(1.005 × 1.28 + 24.3 × 1.05) t = 10461 + 25.73

26.8 t = 10486.73 

∴ t = 391.3°C 

∴ Fall in temperature as a result of the air leakage into the economiser 

= 410 – 391.3 = 18.7°C.

There are normally two to six safety valves provided in the drum depending upon the capacity. The super heater outlet will have one to three safety valves on either side of the boiler The reheater pipes both at the inlet and outlet side will also have safety valves which can range from two to eight both in the inlet and outlet of the reheater put together.

Boiler mountings are the machine components that are mounted over the body of the boiler itself for the safety of the boiler and for complete control of the process of steam generation.

The nozzles in impulse turbines are in effect the stators of the turbine. They direct the motive fluid angle and increase the velocity onto the buckets. Single or multiple nozzles may be used with either water or steam. The nozzle expands the steam, increasing its velocity and redirecting the flow into the turbine blades.

Swept Volume is volume between top dead centre and bottom dead centre. As piston moves from one dead centre to another it sweeps this volume, so it is called swept volume. It is also called displacement volume. Which is mentioned in unit cc (cubic centimeter).

“Stroke length" is defined as the distance travelled by the piston from Top Dead Centre (T.D.C.) to Bottom Dead Centre (B.D.C.) in a reciprocating type Internal Combustion Engine.

There are various sizes and types of pulleys, but they are broadly classified into three main categories.

1.Immovable or fixed pulley: This is the simplest type of pulley system. In this, the wheel is fixed at a particular point like a pivot and works by changing the direction of the force applied.

2. Movable pulley: In this type of pulley, the wheel moves with the object it is displacing. This arrangement allows the pulley to lift the load with much lesser force. Only that much force is applied to the load as much as the force levied on the rope.

3.Combined pulley: These kinds of pulleys are a combination of both fixed and moveable pulleys.

I.C. Engines have many applications including:

1) Road Vehicles (e.g. scooters, cars, buses etc) 

2) Air crafts 

3) Motorboats 

4) Small machines such as chainsaws and portable engine generator.

1. As no slip takes place during chain drive, hence perfect velocity ratio is obtained. 

2. Since the chains are made of metal, therefore they occupy less space in width than a belt or rope drive. 

3. The chain drive may be used when the distance between the shafts is less. 

4. The chain drive gives a high transmission efficiency (up to 98 percent). 

5. The chain drive gives less load on the shaft. 

6. The chain drive has the ability to transmit motion to several shafts by one chain only.

Turbines are essentially propellers in reverse, both of which work in direct accordance to Isaac Newton’s third law – namely, for every action there has to be an equal and opposite reaction. In propellers, that means energy is put into a spindle of asymmetrical blades that puts pressure on the air or water, which pushes back to propel the vehicle.

Turbines are usually fixed in place, so when a fluid flows through it there is a drop in pressure at the back edge of each blade that causes the turbine to turn. The principle is the same for air or water and the faster the medium is moving, the greater the pressure drop, and the faster the turbine spins.

A bulldozer is a heavy duty equipment that can be used at several places. Some of the most common places that a bulldozer is used include construction sites, places where snow is to be removed, places where demolition is required, etc.

1. Earthmoving: Bulldozer is an heavy duty equipment that can clear the land and easily move the soil.

2. Snow Plowing: Bulldozer can also be used to plow snow. The accumulated snow can be carried with the front blades of the bulldozer and put onto another vehicle.

3. Demolition: If you want to reconstruct or renovate something, you can use a bulldozer to demolish the existing structure on a piece of land.

4. Construction: The process of construction involves using several types of heavy duty equipment and a bulldozer can be used for multiple purposes.

5. Military: A modified version of a bulldozer is used for military purposes.

Correct option is B) Did you use

The meaning of lanthanide contraction is Decrease in ionic radius

Both events (microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis) involve the process of meiosis or reduction division which results in the formation of haploid gametes from the microspore and megaspore mother cells.

Microsporogenesis results in the formation of haploid microspores from a diploid microspore mother cell. On the other hand, megasporogenesis results in the formation of haploid megaspores from a diploid megaspore mother cell.

Onomatopoeia is used here.

The reaction between alkylhalide and sodium metal in the presence of ether is called  Wurtz reaction.

“Yes, it would be nice to buy an estate,” said his wife, also dreaming, and from her face it was evident that she was enchanted by her thoughts.

a. When the temperature decreases exothermic reaction increases ie. forward reaction increases. 

b. At low-temperature rate of forward and backward reaction is slow.

a. Vanadium pentoxide / V₂O₅ 

b. Catalyst increases the rate of both the forward and backward reactions to the same extent.

(a) 3-oxopentanoic acid

(b) Ethylethanoate 

A. Option 4 Contain rhodopsin. Rhodopsin is responsible for vision in poor light. It (Visual Purple) is the most sensitive visual pigment with a peak sensitivity to light at 505 nm. 

B. Option 2 The minimum amount of light that elicits light sensation. In dark adaptation the visual threshold falls. 

C. Option 1 Contain the least light-sensitive pigments in the retina. The cones contain three colour sensitive pigments and are responsible for colour vision and vision in bright light. 

D. Option 5 Can be measured by use of Snellen letter charts. The results are expressed as a fraction – 20/20 (or 6/6) being normal; a fraction less than unity, e.g. 10/20 indicates below normal acuity. 

E. Option 3 The rate below which successive images are seen as separate images. Above that rate the images fuse to provide a continuous image.

a. Essential Materials:- 

Sodium Thiosuphate, Hydrochloric Acid, Water, Boiling Tube, Spirit Lamp. Prepare a solution of diluted sodium Thiosulphate in a beaker. Take equal amount of this solution in two Boiling Tubes. Heat one of the boiling tubes for some time. Add equal amount of diluted HCl to both the boiling tubes. 

b. The Essential material/Materials Required Mg Ribbon, Cone HCl, dil HCl

Write up  

Take Magnesium Ribbons of equal mass in two test tubes. Add dil HCl to one test tube and dilute HCl to the other in equal volumes.

c. Energy as well as the speed of molecules increases when reactants are heated. That is as temperature increases the number of molecules with three hold energy increases. As a result, the number of effective collisions increases and these rate of reaction also increases.

Since Alcohol can not be oxidized so Alcohol can not  decolourise Bromine water.

Aldehyde  decolourises Bromine water.

1. Water become pink in colour. Because when phenolphthalein is added to water it becomes alkaline.

2. Hydrogen

3. 2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g).

Fe₃O₄ (Iron Oxide) and Hydrogen gas.

4. When Magnesium is kept in open space it reacts with atmosphere air and a light coat of magnesium oxide is formed. This is the reason for Magnesium to lose its lustre.

5. The copper in copper utensils react with atmospheric air and forms copper oxide. Due to this verdigris are formed on Copper utensils.

6. Aluminium reacts with atmospheric air and Aluminium oxide is formed. This process takes place slowly. Hence Aluminium utensils loose their lustre.

CuSO₄ + Fe → FeSO₄ + Cu. Redox reaction.

H₂SO₄ (l) + 2H₂O (l) → 2H₃O (aq) + SO^2-₂ (aq) at cathode: 

2H₃O⁺ (aq) + 2e^- → H₂(g) + 2H₂O (l) (reduction)

at anode: 

2H₂O (l) → O₂ (g) + 4H^- (aq) + 4e^-  (oxidation)

a. Reactants : C(s), H₂O(g) 

Products: CO(g), H₂(g) 

b. When the products are frequently re moved from the system, rate of forward reaction increases. Hence more products will be formed.

a. When the temperature is decreased, rate of forward reaction increases. Hence more products is formed. 

b. When pressure is increased, rate of forward reaction increases. Hence more product is formed. 

c. When the concentration of oxygen is increased the rate of forward reaction increases. Hence more product is formed.

Iron is connected to the negative terminal of the battery

Hydrogen, Oxygen

Answer is Cl^-,OH^-

Towards positive electrodes(Anode),