Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct answer is (b) Joules 

Causes of Population Growth :

• High birth rate due to early marriage, religious attitudes, polygamy, poverty, illiteracy, tropical climate. 
• Low death rate due to improved medical facilities, control of epidemics lower infant mortality, education.

Correct answer is (c) Universal motor 

1) CONTACT—connect with the participant who is contributing; eye contact, open posture, and non - verbal responses. 

2) ABSORB—take in all aspects of the spoken message, implicit and explicit and non - verbal clues. Do not judge or evaluate. 

3) REFLECTIVE FEEDBACK—mirror, reflect, or give feedback on what you have heard and why the contributor claims to be valid. 

4) CONFIRM—receive confirmation from the speaker that you heard the participant’s message accurately. If not, start the method over again from the beginning by having the speaker restate their view.

• They provide water for irrigation. 
• They control floods. 
• Generate hydro-electricity. 
• Prevent soil-erosion.
• Help to develop inland waterways and fishing. 
• Provide recreation facilities. 
• Provide water for domestic use and industries. 
• To reclaim land for agriculture. 
• Afforestation.

The T.F of a system is defined as the ratio of the Laplace transform of output to Laplace transform of input with zero initial conditions.

The correct option is (d).

Explanation:

 We know that in a forward biased p-n junction diode, the repulsion of holes and electrons takes place which decreases width of potential barrier by striking the combination of holes and electrons. We also know that the options (a) and (b) show the potential barrier. In reverse bias, whereas the options (c) and (d) show the potential barrier in forward bias, Moreover, the width of depletion layer in option (d) is less than shown in option (c). Thus, the potential barrier in the depletion region will be of the form as shown in option (d),

The components of feedback control system are plant, feedback path elements, error detector and controller.

The control system in which the output has an effect upon the input quantity so as to maintain the desired output values are called closed loop control system.

The control system in which the output quantity has no effect upon the input quantity is called open loop control system. This means that the output is not feedback to the input for correction.

The two major types of control system are open loop and closed loop

Electric power is defined as the rate of doing work. Electric power refers to the rating of an electric device and is defined as the rate at which the device can transform electrical energy into other forms of energy such as mechanical energy , heat energy , and light energy. It is worth noting that resistance is the major circuit parameter that consumes electrical energy and dissipates it in terms of heat and light. The power loss in resistors is generally referred as ohmic loss or copper loss.

It is a variable loss and mainly depends on the load current. For a purely resistive circuit, the expression for power may be written as P = W/t = V²/R = I²R.

Another way, we can express as

P α V

and P α I

Where P (Work done per unit time) α VI ( Voltage X Current)

The volt is the potential difference across a conductor when passing a current of 1 A and dissipating energy at the rate of 1 W. It follows that,

P = VI

Symbol- W, Unit- watt

In simple load condition, V = IR.

So, Power will be

P = (IR) I = I² R = \(\frac{V^2}{R}\)

Correct option (D) Coolant & also moderator

Explanation:

In fission reaction heavy water is used as moderator which tries to slow down the thermal neutrons.

Definition - A strong magnetic field produced inside a solenoid can be used to magnetise a piece of magnetic material like soft iron, when placed inside the solenoid. The magnet so formed is called an electromagnet. 

Working- When the switch is closed to make the strong current pass through the wrapped copper coil, it becomes strongly magnetised. When it is suspended vertically by a strong crane and its lower end is touched with a heavy iron sheet lying on the ground, it will stick to the sheet. The crane can easily lift the iron sheet. To make the sheet free, the current is switched off.

Correct option (D) All the above

Explanation:

All the three conditions are Necessary for combustion that are like : 

1. Presence of combustible substance 

2. Presence of oxygen 

3. Heating the combustible substance to its ignition temperature

Magnetic field line is an imaginary line such that tangent to it at any point gives the direction of magnetic field at that point in space. Magnetic field lines are drawn to represent magnetic field. Magnetic field lines can be drawn with the help of magnetic compass. Magnetic field lines are also called as magnetic lines of force.

Correct option (D) It controls the speed of neutrons bombarding over the fuel.

Explanation:

The role of moderator in nuclear power plant is to decrease the speed of bombarding neutrons. So that extent of Nuclear reaction can be controlled.

Correct option (A) Nitrogen (N₂)

Explanation:

Nitrogen is not a part of Biogas while all others like CH₄, H₂S and CO are constituents of Bio-gas.

Application of servomotors: 

Servomotor is widely used in radars, electromechanical actuators, computers, machine tools, tracking and guidance system, process controllers and robots.

A system consists of a number of components connected together to perform a specific function. In a system when the output quantity is controlled by varying the input quantity then the system is called control system.

The magnetic field lines never intersect each other because if two or more lines intersect each other than it means that at that point of intersection, the magnetic field has two directions at the same point. This is not possible for a magnetic field to point in more than one direction at the same point.

Magnetic lines of force are defined as curved lines which are used for representing the magnetic field. These lines do not exist but are imaginary lines through the pattern of the magnetic field is explained. These imaginary lines are assumed to originate from the north pole and reach the south pole by travelling inside the magnet, thereby completing the loop.

NABL is a constituent board under the Quality Council of India established with the objective of providing the government and industry associations with a scheme for third-party assessment of quality and technical competence of the testing and calibration laboratories.

• It was established in 1988 as an autonomous body for providing accreditation services. Accreditation refers to third-party attestation by a conformity assessment body which conveys the final demonstration of its competence for carrying out specific conformity assessment tasks.
• NABL provides the laboratory aggregation services to the testing and calibration laboratories in accordance with ISO/ IEC 17025: 2005 ‘General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories’ and ISO 15189: 2012 for medical laboratories.
• NABL provides these services in a non-discriminatory manner to all testing and calibration laboratories in India and abroad, regardless of the ownership, size, legal status and the degree of independence.
• NABL has been provided signatory member status by APLAC and the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) under the mutual recognition arrangements (MIS).
• Users get access to the information about the accredited laboratories from the web-based directory of NABL accredited Laboratories.
• NABL provides accreditation in various fields of Science and Engineering which include biological, electrical, mechanical, chemical fluid flow, non-destructive, radiological, thermal and forensics under testing facilities, and electrotechnical, mechanical, thermal, radiological fluid flow and optical under collaboration facilities.
• It also provides accreditation for medical testing laboratories.

Therapeutic index = \(\frac{LD_{50}}{ED_{50}}\)

pure water is a bad conductor of electricity. By adding a few drops of sulphuric acid, it becomes a good conductor of electricity

Decomposers break down the dead and decaying organic matter and return the nutrients to the soil. Thus, they play a very important role in the nutrient re-cycling in the environment.

This occurs due to a phenomenon called refraction. As light passes from water (denser medium) to air (rarer medium), it bends away from the normal, this creates the illusion of raised bottom.

Correct option is B) lose

(i) 3Fe + 4H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂

(ii) 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

The three observations are:

1. Change of colour

2. Change of temperature

3. Evolution of gas

The three information are:

1. Atmospheric conditions

2. catalyst involved

3. Physical state of reactants and products

C) Abscisic acid inhibits growth of plants

C) Homologous organs

(i) Bases possess a bitter taste

(ii) Bases are slippery to touch.

(iii) Bases turn red litmus blue

(iv) Bases turn phenolpthalein solution pink

(v) Strong base like caustic soda (NaOH) caustic potash (KOH) are corrosive in nature and produce burning sensation on the skin

(vi) Solution of bases in water conduct electricity.

(vii) Bases react with acid, neutralise them.

(viii) Producing salt and water.

Alcohol inhibits the ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion by the hypophysis.

Low ADH reduces the tubular resorption of water in the kidneys and thus the urinary volume increases. 

Diabetes mellitus is the disease caused by deficient production or action of insulin and the consequent low glucose uptake by the cells and high blood glucose level.

Correct option (C) CO⁶⁰

(B) PGE₁ and PGE₂

(B) Necrosis of the β cells of the islets

Bacteria do not naturally synthesize insulin. It is possible however to implant human genetic material containing the insulin gene into the bacterial DNA. The mutant bacteria then multiply and produce human insulin. The insulin is isolated and purified for later commercialization. This biotechnology is known as the recombinant DNA technology.

Besides human insulin the pharmaceutical industry also produces insulin to be used by humans made from the pancreas of pigs and cows. 

The three main signs of diabetes mellitus are known as the diabetic triad: polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia.

Polyuria is the excessive elimination of urine; in diabetes it is caused by reduced water resorption in the renal tubules due to increased osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate (caused by excessive glucose). Polydipsia is the exaggerated ingestion of water; the thirst is due to the excessive water loss in the urine. Polyphagia is the exaggerated ingestion of food caused by deficiency in energy generation by glucose-lacking cells. 

Hormones are substances secreted by the endocrine glands and collected by the circulation that act to produce effects upon specific organs and tissues.

Hormones are effectors of the endocrine system.

Diabetic patients are often advised to ingest less carbohydrates since these substances are degraded into glucose and this molecule is absorbed in the intestines. The dietary sugar restriction goal is to control glycemia to maintain it at normal levels.

The main complications of diabetes are tissue injuries that occur in vaious organs caused by the chronic increased blood osmolarity: in the peripheral nerves (diabetic neuropathy), resulting in sensitivity loss, increased wounds (the person does not feel that the tissue is being wounded and the wound expands) and muscle fatigue; in the kidneys (diabetic nephropathy), causing glomerular lesions that may lead to renal failure; in the retina (diabetic retinopathy), leading to vision impairment and blindness; in the skin, as a consequence of the neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus also is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases like embolism, myocardial infarction and stroke.

The general goal of the diabetes treatment is to maintain normal glycemic levels.

Type I diabetes is treated with parenteral administration of insulin. Insulin must be administered intravenously or intramuscularly because as a protein it would be digested if ingested orally. In type II diabetes treatment is done with oral drugs that regulate the glucose metabolism or in more severe cases with parenteral administration of insulin. The moderation of carbohydrate ingestion is an important aid to diabetes treatment.

The diabetes treatment with the use of hypoglycemic agents, like insulin or oral medicines, must be carefully and medically supervised since if wrongly used these drugs may abruptly decrease the glucose blood level, cause hypoglycemia and even death.

Many other forms of diabetes treatment are under research worldwide.

Under normal conditions the glucose filtered by the renal glomeruli is almost entirely resorbed in the nephron tubules and not excreted in urine. With the elevated glucose blood level the renal tubules cannot resorb all the filtered glucose and some amount of the substance appears in the urine. This amount is enough to provide the sweet taste that helped Hypocrates to diagnose diabetes and to differentiate it from other diseases accompanied by polyuria. Nowadays the method is inconceivable due to the danger of contamination of the tester by disease agents possibly present in the patient's urine.

Target organs, target tissues and target cells are those specific organs, tissues and cells upon which each hormone acts and produces its effects. Hormones selectively act upon their targets due to specific receptor proteins present in these targets.

Type I diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes (this name is not adequate as type II diabetes may become insulindependent), is the impaired production of insulin by the pancreas believed to be caused by destruction of cells of the islets of Langerhans by autoantibodies (autoimmunity).

Type II diabetes occurs in the adult individual and it is often diagnosed in people of more advanced age. In type II diabetes there is normal or low secretion of insulin by the pancreas but the main cause of the high glycemia is the peripheral resistance of the cells to the action of the hormone.

The thyroid is located in the anterior cervical region (frontal neck), in front of the trachea and just below the larynx. It is a bilobated mass below the Adam’s apple.

The target organs of oxytocin are the uterus and the mammary glands. The target organs of ADH are the kidneys.