Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct option is (B) –1

α, β, γ, δ root of the equation 

x⁴ + x³ + x² + x + 1 = 0 

Which are 5^th roots of unity except 1.

then a²⁰²¹ + b²⁰²¹ + g²⁰²¹ + d²⁰²¹ = α + β + γ + δ = -1

Correct option is (B) 90

A = {1, 2, 3, 4} 

B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 

Here f(3) can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 

f(3) = 2, (f(1), f(2)) → (1,1) → 6 cases 

f(3) = 3, (f(1), f(2)) → (1,2), (2,1) 

→ 2 × 6 = 12 cases 

f(3) = 4, (f(1), f(2)) → (1,3), (3,1), (2,2) 

→ 3 × 6 = 18 cases 

f(3) = 5, (f(1), f(2)) → (1,4), (4,1), (2,3), (3,2) 

→ 4 × 6 = 24 cases 

f(3) = 6, (f(1), f(2)) → (1,5),(5,1),(2,4),(4,2),(3,3) 

→ 5 × 6 = 30 cases

Correct option is (a) 0.2

m = A_m/A_e = 1/5 = 0.2

Solution: Given the coefficients of( r-1)th, rth and (r+1)th terms in the expansion of (x+1)ⁿ are in the ratio 1:3:5

Coefficient of (r-1)th term = C(n, r-2)

Coefficient of rth term = C(n, r-1)

Coefficient of (r+1)th term = C(n, r)

C(n, r-2) : C(n, r-1) : C(n, r) = 1:3:5

Divide 1st and 2nd

C(n,r-2)/C(n,r-1) = 1 / 3

= [n! / (r-2)! (n -r +2)! ] x [(r-1)!(n-r+1)!/ n!] = 1/3

( r -1)(r -2)! / ( r – 2)! ( n -r +2) = 1 / 3

( r -1) / ( n -r +2) = 1 / 3

3r - 3 = n - r + 2

n - 4r = -5 ----------(1)

Divide 2nd and 3rd

C(n,r-1)/C(n,r) = 3/5 

[n! / (r-1)! (n -r +1)! ] x r!(n-r)!/ n! = 3 / 5

r / (n -r + 1) = 3 / 5
 
5r = 3n - 3r +3

3n - 8r = -3 ---------(2)

2(n - 4r = -5)

2n - 8r = -10 ---------(3) 

Subtract (3) from (2)

n = 7

Substitute n = 7 in (2)

We get r = 3

n = 7, r = 3

A Report on Devastating Floods in your city

Barmer, August 24
The rampant River Rapti, breached its embankments at many places, causing flash floods in the town and its adjoining villages. Incessant rains in the region resulted in the river flowing in spate. Although no deaths occurred and the damage to property has been considerable, as hundreds of cattle perished and many houses in low-lying areas were destroyed. Relief measures have been ordered, and medical teams have been sent to the affected areas to ensure prevention of an epidemic outbreak. The district authorities have claimed to have brought the situation under control.

Given:

The resultant ratio is \(\frac{10}{21}\)

The numerator of the fraction increased by 500%

The denominator of the fraction increased by 600%

Calculation:

Let the fraction be \(\frac{x}{y}\)

The increased numerator = \(x \times \left( {1 + \frac{{500}}{{100}}} \right)\;\)

The increased denominator =  \(y \times \left( {1 + \frac{{600}}{{100}}} \right)\;\)

then, the resultant fraction = \(\frac{10}{21}\)

⇒ \(\frac{{\left[ {x \times \left( {1 + \frac{{500}}{{100}}} \right)} \right]}}{{\left[ {y \times \left( {1 + \frac{{600}}{{100}}} \right)} \right]}}\) = \(\frac{10}{21}\)

⇒  \(\frac{6x}{7y}\) = \(\frac{10}{21}\)

⇒ \(\frac{x}{y}\) = \(\frac{5}{9}\)

The original fraction is \(\frac{5}{9}\)

Alternate Method:

The  original fraction = \(\frac{{\left[ {10 \times \left( {1 + \frac{{600}}{{100}}} \right)} \right]}}{{\left[ {21 \times \left( {1 + \frac{{500}}{{100}}} \right)} \right]}}\) = \(\frac{{\left[ {10 \times \left( { \frac{{700}}{{100}}} \right)} \right]}}{{\left[ {21 \times \left( { \frac{{600}}{{100}}} \right)} \right]}}\)  = \(\frac{5}{9}\)

The original fraction is \(\frac{5}{9}\)

Given:

42% of first number is equal to the 60% of second number.

Calculation:

Let the first number be x.

Let the second number be y.

According to the question;

⇒ \(\frac{{42}}{{100}} \times x\) = \(\frac{{60}}{{100}} \times y\)

⇒ \(\frac{x}{y}\;\) = \(\frac{60}{42}\;\)

⇒ \(\frac{x}{y}\;\)= \(\frac{10}{7}\;\)

The ratio of first number to the second number is 10 : 7.

Given:

The sum of the two digits of a two-digit number is 12.

 The difference of the two digits of a two-digit number is 2.

Concept Used:

The two-digit  number = 10x + y

Calculation:

Let the unit place be y

Let the ten's place be x

Then, the sum of the two digits of a two-digit number = 12

⇒  x+ y = 12  ..... (I)

The difference of the two digits of a two-digit number = 2

⇒ x - y = 2     .....(II)

On adding equation (I) and (II)

⇒ 2x = 14

⇒ x = 7

Then, on putting value of x in equation (I)

⇒ x + y = 12 

⇒ 7 + y = 12

⇒ y = 5

Then, the product of two digits = 7 × 5 = 35

∴ The product of the two digits of the two digit number is 35.

Given:

The sum of three consecutive number is 1365.

Calculation:

Let the three consecutive odd number be x, (x + 2), (x + 4) 

Then, the sum of three consecutive odd number = 1365

⇒ x + x + 2 + x + 4 = 1365

⇒ 3x + 6 = 1365

⇒ 3x = 1359 

⇒ x = 453

The largest number = (x + 4) = 453 + 4 = 457

The largest number is 457.

Correct option (B) 828   

Explanation:

Amount of 1^st part = 110/100 x 1^st part

Amount of 2^nd part = 115 x 100 x 2^nd part

Amount of 3^rd part = 120/100 x 3^rd part

According to the question, these amounts are equal

∴ 110 × 1^st part = 115 × 2^nd part = 120× 3^rd par

∴ 1 st part : 2nd part : 3^rd part = 1/110 : 1/115 : 1/120

= 276 : 264 : 253 

Hence, dividing Rs. 2379 into three parts in the ratio 276 : 264 : 253, we have 1^st part = Rs. 828, 2nd part = Rs. 792, 3^rd part = Rs. 759

Humanists gave importance to ways of good conduct. They suggested how people should talk politely and dress decently. They also pointed out the characteristics a cultured person should have. Humanism taught that people have the capacity to make a good life even without power and wealth. It taught that human nature had different aspects and some of them were against the three special aspects which the feudal society thought essential for attaining a satisfactory life.

Religious reform movement was started in Germany. The leader of this movement was a young priest named Martin Luther (1433- 1546). He started strong propaganda against the vices and evil practices that were rampant in the Catholic Church at that time. He argued that there was no need for an intermediary between an individual and God. He asked his followers to rely entirely on God. He taught that only good faith and would lead them to a good life and to heaven.

The religious reform movement caused a split in the Catholic Church. The Churches in Germany and Switzerland ended all their relations with the Catholic Church and the Pope. The people who went out of the Catholic Church were named “Protestants” as they protested against the Church. 

The ideas of Luther were propagated in Switzerland by Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1534). Later John Calvin (1509-64) gave strong leadership to the Protestant Movement there. 

The reformers had the support of merchants. Therefore they got great support in the cities. But in the rural areas, the Catholic Church was able to maintain its supremacy. Among the German reformists, there were also the Anabaptists who wanted radical changes in Christianity. They considered the concept of heaven as freedom from all kinds of social persecutions. Anabaptists argued that since all people were created equal there was no need for anybody to pay taxes. They also taught that people should have the right to elect their own priests. The farmers who were suffering under the feudal lords were deeply impressed by these new ideas and they welcomed them.

The farmers of Germany who were inspired by the ideas of Luther and Anabaptists organised strong protests against their persecutors. But Luther was not in agreement with those who wanted radical changes. So he exhorted the German rulers to suppress the peasant revolts. In 1525, with the support of Luther, the protests were successfully suppressed.

But Radicalism survived all these oppositions. In France, the radicals joined with the Protestants. The Catholic authorities in France were cruelly persecuting the Protestants there. The Protestants argued that they have a right to remove the Persecutor and elect a new person according to the will of the people. Following this, France also, like other European countries, recognized the Protestant religion.

The Catholic Church allowed the Protestants to have their own way of worship. In England also there was a reform movement. The rulers of England ended ail their relations with the Pope. The King or Queen of England became the Head of the Church there.

To face the Protestant Revolt, the Catholic Church began to bring in reforms. These efforts of the Church to reform itself are collectively called Counter-Reformation. The priests of Spain and Italy stressed the importance of living simple lives and serving the poor.

In Spain St. Ignatius Loyola led the efforts to reform the Catholic Church. To face the Protestant threat, in 1540, he founded a Congregation called the “Society of Jesus”. The members of this Congregation are called Jesuits. Their goal was to serve the poor and enlarge their knowledge of other faiths.

It was Copernicus, from Poland, who changed the Christian concept about the Universe which was prevalent until then. He started an astronomical revolution. He presented his views about the Universe in his famous book “De Revolutionibus” which means on the revolutions. Copernicus theorized that the sun is the center of the solar system and the earth and other planets revolve round the sun. This is known as the Heliocentric Theory.

Correct option (A) 5%

Explanation:

Rs. 600 for 2 years = Rs. 1200 for 1 year 

and Rs. 150 for 4 years = Rs. 600 for 1 year Int. = Rs. 90

∴ Rate = (90 x 100 /1800 x 1 )= 5%

Correct option (D) 7245   

Explanation:

Here P = Rs. 6000, R₁ = 5% p.a., R₂ = 15% p.a. 

Amount after two years =p (1 +R₁/100)(1+R₂/100)

= 600 (1 +5/100) (1+15/100)

= (6000 x 21/20 x 23/20) = Rs. 7245

Thus, the T.V. will cost him Rs. 7245

Correct option (C) E   

Explanation:

By analyzing the venn diagram given in the question option C is correct

Correct option (A) C  

Explanation:

By analyzing the venn diagram given in the question option A is correct.

Correct option (D) 4921    

Explanation:

P = Rs. 64000, n = 3 years 

R = 2.5 paisa per rupee per annum 

= (2.5 × 100) paisa per hundred rupees per annum.

= (2.5 x 100/100) percent per annum.

= 2.5% per annum.

Amount after 3 years = Rs. 64000 (1 +2.5 x 100)³

= (Rs, 64000 x 41 /40 x 41 x 40 x 41/40)

= Rs. 68921

Compound interest payable after 3 years 

= Rs. 68921 – Rs, 64000 

= Rs, 4921

Correct option (A) C

Explanation:

By analyzing the venn diagram given in the question option C is correct. 

Correct option (B) B

Explanation:

By analyzing the venn diagram given in the question option B is correct.

Correct option (A) F     

Explanation:

By analyzing the venn diagram given in the question option A is correct. 

The Industrial Revolution brought many changes in the life of people. Though it brought ease and comfort to one section of the people, it brought misery and pain to some others. Rich persons invested money in different industries to reap profits. Their income increased dramatically because of the proper use of goods, services, knowledge, and productivity. But industrialization arid urbanization adversely affected common people. Families were separated, cities became crowded and dirty, and the terrible work conditions in the factories made people suffer.

In 1750, in England, there were only two cities that had more than 50,000 people. By 1850, this increased to 29. The speed of this growth did not reflect on the life of people. They did not have proper places to live and sanitation facilities. Not even enough drinking water was available. Persons newly coming to the cities were forced to live in the slums in, or close to, the cities. But the rich people built their second homes in villages which were free from pollution.

Workers: 

A survey done in 1842 revealed that the longevity of the workers (labourers) in the city was less than those of others. The average life expectancy of workers was 15 years in Birmingham, 17 in Manchester and 21 in Derby. This was because in cities many children died at a very young age. Many died even before they reached 5. The increase in the city population was because of migration from the rural areas and not because of increased birth rates there.

Workers died prematurely mainly because of contagious diseases. Cholera and typhoid that came as the result of water pollution and tuberculosis that spread through the atmosphere killed many. In a cholera epidemic in 1832, more than 31,000 workers died. 

Until the end of the 19th century, the municipal authorities ignored these dangerous circumstances. There was also no medical expertise to diagnose and treat these diseases.

Women, Children, and Industrialization: One of the worst outcomes of industrialization was the exploitation of women and children. Children of poor parents had to work in the fields and also at home. They worked under strict supervision from their parents or relatives. The village women had to work in the field. They grew cattle and gathered wood. They also made thread using looms.

In the factories of the city, women and children were made to work. The work here was quite different from the work in villages. They had to work in factories and mines for long periods without rest and under strict supervision. They were punished severely for any little mistakes they made. The income from the women and children were needed for meeting the expenses of the family as the men earned very little as they had low wages.

Even when the use of machines became widespread, employers preferred women and children to do the work because they had to be paid much less than men. The women and children would not protest against bad working conditions.

In the cotton industries of Lancashire and Yorkshire, plenty of women and children were employed. In silk-making, brocade making and sewing, women were the main workers. In the iron industry at Birmingham also they worked along with children.

Children were made to labour hard. Machines like the spinning jenny were made in such a way that children with small bodies and fast fingers could work them. Since children could move in between the many thickly laid machines in the factory, they were preferred in the cotton mills. Even on Sundays, they had to work cleaning the machines. Thus they were denied rest and even clean air. Accidents were common in the factories. Some even died in factories as they fell on to the machines being tired and sleepy.

The work in the mines was also dangerous. Accidents were usual there. These were caused by the upper portions of the mines crumbling or because of the explosions carried out there. Mine owners employed children to draw the carts filled with coal along the underground rails. Since entrances were narrow and small, children were preferred by the cruel owners. The children carried loads of coal. Working in the mines was looked upon as training for working in the factories. Evidences from the factory records show that there were children of even less than ten years working there.

It is true that the self-confidence and economic situation of the working women were better. But the adverse circumstances in which they worked, the children they lost at birth or infancy, and the dirty slums in which they were forced to live spoiled the little satisfaction they got from the wages they earned.

The correct answer is Dadu Dayal.

• Dadu Dayal:
  • He was believed to be born in 1544 in Samvat near Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
  • In 1568, came to Sambhar & began to give sermons.
  • Followers of Dadu Dayal - Dadu Panth.
  • Naraina, Alwar was the principal seat of Dadu Panthis.
  • His teachings have been incorporated by his disciples in Dadudayal Ki Vani & Dadudayal-Ra- Duha.
  • He was the contemporary of Rana Pratap and Akbar.
  • In 1575, met Akber and was greatly influenced him by his views.
  • His Followers can be classified into 5 types:
    • Khalsa
    • Virakta
    • Sthandhari
    • Uttaradev
    • Khaki

• Sunder Das:
  • He was a disciple of Dadu Dayal.
• Rajjab Ji:
  • A disciple of Dadu Dayal Ji.
• Raghavdas:
  • Dadu Panthi scholar.

Areas to be considered: 

1. The development of writing 

2. System of writing 

3. Uses of writing 

The development of writing: 

AH societies have languages. Certain sounds in the language give certain meanings. This is verbal exchange. When speech sounds are represented in visible forms, we have writing or script. Mesopotamians wrote on clay slates. The writer kneads clay and makes it into a size that he can hold in one hand, The surface would be smoothened. Using a special kind of sharp stiletto he makes wedge-shaped letter marks on the smooth surface. This is called cuneiform writing. After that, the clay-slate is dried in the sun. This way the clay slates become permanent like clay pots. These slates couldn’t be used again for writing other things.

System of Writing: 

A cuneiform symbol does not represent a mere consonant or vowel sound, but a number of letters. Therefore a Mesopotamian script writer had to lean hundreds of symbols. He should have had the competence to handle a wet clay-slate and write on it before it goes dry. Thus writing on the clay-slate was a highly skilled job. It was an intellectual exercise which translated the sound system of a language into a visible format.

Uses of Writing: 

Writing has given man invaluable contributions. There was a close tie between the writing of Mesopotamia and its urban life and trade. It was the kings that linked writing with trade.

Writing was used to store information and to exchange messages. Many saw Mesopotamian writing as a sign proclaiming the dominance of Mesopotamian urban culture. 

The writing helped in communicating with other regions culturally and economically and to do the buying and selling on the basis of written agreements. In short, writing made trading easier. Writing helped in maintaining accounts and in keeping laws recorded. It was also useful for literary creations.

Correct answer is Monday

The most surprising change in travel was definitely the development of the railway. George Stevenson started the railway age.  In 1814 he built the steam engine called rocket. With this engine, a train could go as fast as 35 miles an hour and this was history. Soon railways became a new means of travel and transport. Rail travel was available throughout the year and it was cheap and fast. People and goods could be easily transported. 

Railway travel connected two inventions – rails and steam engines. In the 1760s iron rails replaced wooden rails. At the beginning of the 19^th century, steam engines began to be used in railways. 

In 1801 Richard Trevithick developed a machine called. Puffing Devil. This machine was useful in dragging trucks around the mines. 

In 1814 George Stevenson made a train with the name Blucher. It could climb hills carrying even goods weighing 30 tons. It was Stevenson that built the first rail Connecting Stockton and Darlington. In 1830, Liverpool and Manchester were linked by rail. With the opening of this railway line, the railway age dawned.

1. Cities that grew around temples. 

2. Cities that grew into commercial and trade centers.

3. Imperial Cities.

Correct answer is Saturday

Correct answer is Sunday

Mesopotamia was rich in food supplies. But minerals were rate there. In many parts of southern Mesopotamia, there weren’t enough stones to make work tools, seals and ornaments. The wood of the date palms and poplar trees of Iraq was not capable of being used in carts and wheels as it was too soft and brittle. 

There weren’t minerals for making work tools, seals, pots, pans, and ornaments. Therefore the Mesopotamians got their clothes, timber, copper, lead, silver, gold, shells and different types of stones from Turkey and Iran.

When the shepherds passed with their flocks through the sown fields, the plants got destroyed. This destruction of the crops caused conflicts between the shepherds and farmers. Sometimes the nomadic shepherds attacked agricultural villages and forcefully took away things which the villagers had stored. Farmers, on their side, often refused to let the shepherds and their flock move.to the river through their farms. They also refused to give water from their canals to the shepherds and their flocks causing friction.

1. Mutual dependence (between cities & cities, between cities & villages). 

2. Division of labour 

3. Social organizations.

The Mesopotamians gave great contributions in the realm of science. In fact, their contributions in the scientific area can be ascribed to their writing. For science, written material is necessary. Only then future generations of scholars can read it, understand it and improve it. The Mesopotamians have made great contributions in calendar-making, to x the time of things and mathematics.

In Mathematics they discovered multiplication, division, square, square root and compound interest. Some clay slates where these things are recorded have been discovered. The square root they discovered differs only very slightly from the actual one.

Based on the rotation of the moon around the earth, a year was divided into 12 months, a month was divided into 4 weeks, and a day was divided into 24 hours, and an hour was divided into 60 minutes. This was a Mesopotamian discovery. Thus the calendar which was based on the lunar movement has been approved and accepted by the whole world.

An important thing that took place during the Industrial Revolution was the changes in the modes of travel. These changes were first visible in the construction of canals and railways. 

Canals were first made to transport coal to the cities. Taking coal by road was expensive and slow. Since a lot of coal was needed, there was a great need for canals. The most famous of the early canals were Worsley Canal built by James Brindley (1716-72). Transporting coal to the city was its aim. When the canal was completed, the price of coal was reduced to half.

In 1698, Thomas Savery invented a pump that worked on steam power. It was used to drain water from mines. It was called Miner’s Friend. It worked very slowly. Moreover when the pressure increased the boiler burst.

In 1712, Thomas Newcomen invented another steam engine. This helped in draining water from the mines in a better way. But the steaming chamber became cold too soon and thus energy was lost and this was a defect of this machine.

In 1769, James Watt developed his steam engine. Until then all the steam machines were used only in the mines. From mere pumps, James Watt changed steam engines to a driving force. His steam engines were suitable for different industries. In 1775, with the help of his friend Mathew Bouton, James Watt established a factory in Birmingham for producing steam engines. This factory-produced steam engines one after the other. By the end 18^th century, stream energy of Watt replaced water power.

In due course, new institutions and traditions developed in the society. Powerful nobles began to work for their own welfare and also for the welfare of their community. The successful nobles attacked the weaker ones and looted precious things from them and gave them to the gods, beautifying the temples. They proclaimed themselves to be kings. They sent people around and got. stones and minerals for the prosperity of the community and also their gods. They also took steps to distribute the temple property efficiently. This helped the kings to get high status and authority over the people. In short, it was their control over the temples that helped them to have power over the people.

It gave heat and light in the caves. It was used for cooking. It was used to harden timber. It was helpful in the making of tools. It was also used to drive away dangerous beasts.

The place of origin of the modem man has been a much-discussed topic. Scholars have put forward two contradictory views on this issue. They are Regional Continuity Model and Replacement Model. Regional Continuity Modern This model says that modem people originated in different places.

The early homo sapiens in many places slowly evolved as modem people and that is why the modem people in various parts of the world look different from one another at first sight. The regional differences in the features of people are the basis for such a view.

 Replacement Model: This model says that modem man originated in Africa. The spokesmen of this model say that modem people appeared in place of (the old species of people everywhere. As evidence to their claim, they put forward the hereditary and anatomical similarity of modem people. 

This model points out that modem people are quite similar everywhere because they originated in the same place – Africa. The first fossils of modem people were discovered from Omo in Ethiopia. This evidence substantiates the Replacement Model

The early people got their food by gathering.huriting, taking the esh from dead animals and shing. They gathered vegetarian products like seeds, kernel of nuts, fruits arid roots. Some people believe that they stored food but for this, there is ho dear proof.

Although there are many fossils of bones, the fossils of vegetarian stuff have been rare. Remnants of plants and trees that have been burned down by sudden re last for quite a long time, but archaeologists have not yet found such fossils.

It is natural that the early people collected the flesh of dead animals or the remnants of animals killed by carnivorous beasts. Early hominids ate mammals like rats and squirrels, birds and their eggs, crawling creatures and even insects like termites.

‘The theory of Natural Selection’ and ‘Survival of the fittest’ were his theories.

Given:

Richa travels from A to B at the speed = 15 km/hr

Richa travels from B to C at the speed = 20 km/hr

Richa travels from C to D at the speed = 30 km/hr

AB = BC = CD

Formula:

Average speed = Total distance/Total time

Calculation:

Let AB = BC = CD = 60 km (LCM of 15, 20 and 30)

Total distance = 3 × 60 = 180 km

Time taken by Richa to travels from A to B = 60/15 = 4 hrs.

Time taken by Richa to travels from B to C = 60/20 = 3 hrs.

Time taken by Richa to travels from C to D = 60/30 = 2 hrs.

Total time taken by Richa to travels from A to D = 4 + 3 + 2 = 9 hrs.

∴ Average speed = 180/9 = 20 km/hr.

Achievements of U.N.O are manifold:

The U.N.O. has carried out several successful programs and operations. The achievements of the U.N.O may be grouped under two headings, namely, political and non-political.

Political: In the political field, the UNO has notable achievements. The foremost achievement of the U.N.O is that there has not been a global war and the use of nuclear weapons since 1945.

The first issue that was solved by the U.N.O was the case of Iran. Russian Troops were stationed on the Northern borders of Iran during the Second World War. After the war, Iran complained to the U.N.O. So, U.N.O intervened and made the Russian Troops to withdraw from Iran in 1946.

1. In 1947, a quarrel started in Indonesia between Holland and Indonesia. It was settled by the U.N. in 1948.

2. In September 1948, France, England and U.S.A. complained to the Security Council about the blockade of Berlin by the U.S.S.R. Later, an agreement was reached due to the efforts of U.N.O.

3. U.N.O. was able to stop the fighting between the Israeli Jews and Arabs in Palestine in 1948.

4. The U.N.O ordered cease-fire in Kashmir in 1948. 

5. In the Korean crisis when war broke out between North and South Korea, the U.N.O used armed forces to settle the dispute. 

6. The Suez Canal and Vietnam problems were solved with the mediation of the U.N.O. 

7. It also put an end to the fighting between Iraq and Iran in 1989. 

8. Iraq occupied Kuwait in 1990. Immediately, Kuwait approached U.N.O for help. So, the U.N. made Iraq vacate Kuwait in 1991. 

9. It has worked to maintain peace in several countries of the world. It has carried out peace . keeping missions in Greece, Lebanon, Cyprus, Congo, Cambodia, Korea, Kosovo, etc.,

10. South Africa was following the Apartheid policy.U.N.O. setup a special committee and imposed sanctions against South Africa in 1954. Ultimately the Apartheid regime came to an end in 1991.

Non-political: A notable achievement of the U.N.O was the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the General Assembly on lOth December 1948. The Declaration included articles like the right to life, liberty and security of person, freedom from slavery, freedom of thought, the right to vote, to work, etc.

1. U.N.O has done excellent work through its specialized agencies. The ILO has made the member nations to improve the conditions of the labourers. 

2. FAO has assisted the nations to increase the food production in farms, forests, fisheries and increase nutrition levels. It has also helped to feed millions of hungry children in the third world countries. 

3. IMF and IBRD are giving funds for the economic development of different backward countries. 

4. UNESCO has done much work in many backward countries in the social, educational, economic, technological and other fields U.N.O. helped the refugees of war, earthquake, tsunami etc. It had arranged for food, shelter and rehabilitation of war victims throughout the world. The U.N.O has helped preserve many cultural sites throughout the world as World Heritage Sites like Hampi, Pattadakal, Konark etc.

Herodotus belonged to Greece. 

Herodotus belonged to Greece.

1. Construction of Parthenon temple 

2. Invention of Printing Press 

3. Unification of Germany 

4. Treaty of Versailles 

5. Bandung Conference.

The murder of the Crown Prince of Austria, Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife in the Bosnian capital Sarajevo, was the immediate cause for the First World War.

The British ship S.S. Lusitania.

1453  A . D. 

Arnold Toynbee has written the famous book ‘A Study of History’. He defined history as “The story of the rise and fall of civilizations”.