Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The correct answer is Sehore.

• Narmadapuram Division is one of the administrative divisions in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
• The division was formally inaugurated on 27 August 2008.
• It comprises Hoshangabad, Harda, and Betul districts.
• The three districts were earlier part of the Bhopal Division.

• Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh - Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan.
• Governor of Madhya Pradesh - Anandiben Patel
• The literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh is 70.6%
• The Sex Ratio of Madhya Pradesh is 931
• Dances of Madhya Pradesh - Karma, Jawara, Tertali, Lehangi, etc.
• Wheat is the largest cultivated crop of Madhya Pradesh.

GUJARA PRATIHARA

A. True There is a close relationship between the work of the heart and coronary flow. 

B. False Skin blood flow is geared mainly to thermoregulation and normally exceeds that needed for skin’s modest metabolic requirements. 

C. True Local blood flow is largely determined by the vasoactive metabolites such as rising P_CO2, H⁺ concentration and falling P_O2. The changes produced by vasomotornerves are small compared with those produced by metabolites. 

D. False The entire cardiac output must pass through the lungs regardless of the local metabolic needs of the pulmonary tissues. It is greatly in excess of the lungs’ metabolic needs. 

E. False As in skin, renal blood flow (about one quarter of total cardiac output) greatly exceeds local metabolic needs. The blood is sent to the kidneys for processing. 

The correct answer is Bangladesh.

• The Ganga Treaty between India and Bangladesh is an agreement to share surface waters at the Farakka Barrage near their mutual border.
•  But the treaty, which was signed in 1996, divides water flow without sharing the value and uses of the river between the two countries. 
•  It does not even take into consideration the uppermost riparian, Nepal, meaning that it takes neither a whole-of-basin approach to river management nor does it factor in the effects of upstream use of the Ganges on water availability at the Farakka Barrage.
• The Ganga Treaty illustrates that a legally binding agreement is not the same as meaningful cooperation between the parties.
•  It is solely an arrangement for the volumetric allocation of river flow in the dry season. It does not concern benefit-sharing, nor does it purport to be a comprehensive river sharing and management treaty. 

The correct answer is 26th November.

• The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November 1949.
• The Constitution became effective on 26th January 1950.
• The Constitution of India consists of two houses Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.
• To date, there are 448 articles, 25 parts, 12 Schedules, and 104 Constitutional Amendments (Article 368) in the Constitution of India.
• Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar is known as the Father of the Constitution of India. he is the chairman of the Drafting Committee.
• Important Days Celebrated in India:-

A. False It falls; coronary vessels are compressed by the contracting myocardium. 

B. True A fall in P_O2 has a potent vasodilator effect on coronary vessels. Adenosine released from hypoxic myocardium is also a potent vasodilator. 

C. False The fall in metabolic rate and cardiac output in hypothermia reduce cardiac work and lead to a reduction in coronary blood flow. 

D. True Sympathetic stimulation increases the rate and force of contraction; the resulting increase in the rate of production of vasodilator metabolites dilates coronary vessels. 

E. True Myocardial work and metabolism are increased in hypertension.

A. Option 5 Metabolic energy per unit mass. Fat liberates just over twice the metabolic energy per unit mass that is liberated by metabolism of carbohydrates. The two substrates are both used by the body to provide energy especially in strenuous exercise. So by dragging relatively large amounts of fat the explorers were minimizing the load on their sleigh and maximizing the energy they obtained from their food. 

B. Option 6 Derived from cholesterol. Oestradiol, testosterone and aldosterone are all derived in the body from cholesterol. Despite being a risk factor for arterial disease when present in excess in the blood, cholesterol is a precursor of vital hormones and is synthesized in the body. Insulin is a protein hormone and vasopressin a polypeptide hormone. 

C. Option 8 Lipase. In acute pancreatitis large amounts of lipase escape into the blood and this leads to widespread fat necrosis as part of the life-threatening state when the pancreatic hormones enter the bloodstream. 

D. Option 1 Coronary artery disease risk factor. Excessive lipids in the blood, including cholesterol, are a risk factor for coronary atheroma. The lipid profile may also be improved by moderate exercise and avoidance of obesity. 

E. Option 2 Source of energy. During prolonged exercise energy is derived in approximately equal amounts from carbohydrate and fat. The glycogen granules in particular are a major source of energy. They become more prominent with physical training and are depleted after prolonged fasting exercise.

A. Option 9 Platelet count 20 x 10⁹ per litre. Widespread purpura is due to failure of platelet plugging of capillaries and may be due to a low platelet count or to capillary abnormality. An abnormal laboratory test to account for this would be a low platelet count. Although both those given are below normal, only values below 20–40 x 10⁹ per litre account for serious bleeding. 

B. Option 4 Deficiency of prothrombin. The action of warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, is to impair formation of several coagulation factors, notably prothrombin. There are a number of cardiological indications for the use of warfarin, including heart valve replacement. The value quoted is above the usual recommended range and the prolonged prothrombin time due to a low level of prothrombin would account for the bleeding. 

C. Option 1 Capillary abnormality. With advancing age, capillaries like tissues generally become less resilient in the face of stress such as a relatively high internal pressure. This leads randomly to patchy areas of bleeding such as those described. Apart from their appearance they cause no problems. 

D. Option 7 Massive blood transfusion. Massive blood transfusion may lead to widespread activation of the coagulation mechanism – diffuse intravascular coagulopathy. This in turn causes so much deposition of fibrin that the circulating fibrinogen level falls to levels which result in a bleeding tendency. Paradoxically heparin, by preventing the abnormal coagulation, allows the fibrinogen level to rise and can relieve the condition. 

E. Option 2 Deficiency of factor VIII. This condition (haemophilia) does not interfere with initial haemostasis due to vascular closure, so the bleeding time is normal as in this case. However, when the vascular spasm wears off, failure to clot is revealed as a persistent ooze of blood. Treatment is by supplying the missing factor VIII.

A. Option 2 Decreased total body water. In the absence of any water intake, a person loses a minimum of around 1500 ml per day (500 ml insensible loss from the lungs, 500 ml insensible loss from the skin and 500 ml as the minimum amount of water which can dissolve excreted solid waste products in the urine). A urine volume of 100 ml in five hours confirms this condition. After several days there will be a water deficit of around four to five litres or 10 per cent of total body water, so the osmolality has risen by about 10 per cent. The water deficit is distributed between intracellular and extracellular fluid and oral water would correct the deficit. 

B. Option 4 Decreased extracellular fluid. The patient has lost a considerable volume of intestinal secretions. This fluid is isotonic and rich in sodium and chloride, the main extracellular ions. His main depletion is of extracellular fluid and this is confirmed by signs of severe peripheral circulatory failure evidenced by a low arterial blood pressure despite vasoconstriction (cold peripheries) and a rapid heart rate. He urgently needs replenishment of his extracellular fluid by intravenous infusion of isotonic (normal) saline. Although Option 8 accounts for the peripheral circulatory failure, Option 4 is more appropriate as it includes the underlying mechanism and points to the appropriate treatment. 

C. Option l Increased total body water. Inappropriately raised secretion of antidiuretic hormone causes excessive reabsorption of water as fluid passes through the collecting ducts. This dilutes all body fluids as indicated by the low sodium level (osmolality would be correspondingly reduced). The waterlogging of the body cells impairs function and this effect in the brain is manifested by confusion. Restricted water intake would improve the condition. 

D. Option 7 Increased blood volume. Replacement of blood loss is urgent in the elderly, but over-transfusion can increase the blood volume above normal. In the elderly there is an increased risk of heart failure and increasing the blood volume can precipitate this so that the heart cannot adequately clear the venous return. The filling pressure of the two sides of the heart increases, causing pulmonary oedema and breathlessness plus increased systemic venous pressure. Diuretic therapy would reduce blood volume by causing excretion of salt and water, thereby lowering extracellular fluid volume. 

E. Option 10 Decreased plasma volume. By damaging capillaries, burns cause increased loss of fluid and proteins from the circulation. In addition large amounts of interstitial fluid are lost through the damaged skin. Both effects lower plasma volume, raising the haematocrit. Low blood volume can lead to peripheral circulatory failure. The standard treatment is to infuse large quantities of normal saline, in proportion to the area of seriously burnt skin.

A. Option 4 Normal saline. Normal saline has the same tonicity (osmolality) as plasma and extracellular fluid. Sodium doesn’t enter intracellular fluid appreciably. The chloride and water remain with the sodium in the extracellular space. 

B. Option 3 5 per cent glucose. 5 per cent glucose (dextrose) is also isotonic. It has the same number of particles as 0.9 per cent saline. Saline dissociates so the average particle molecular weight is about 30. Dextrose has a molecular weight of 180 and does not dissociate so about six times the mass of dextrose is required for isotonicity. 

C. Option 1 50 per cent glucose. A litre of 50 per cent glucose contains 500 grams of glucose, yielding about 2000 kilocalories (about 9 megajoules, MJ), around the resting daily requirement of an adult. 

D. Option 2 1.8 per cent saline. This is twice the osmolality of normal saline – around 600 as compared with around 300 mosmoles per kg. 

E. Option 5 8.4 per cent sodium bicarbonate. This concentrated bicarbonate solution has a high buffering capacity for hydrogen ions. However correcting acid–base balance is a complex procedure rarely benefiting from such drastic measures.

A. Option 5 Normocytic anaemia. The haemoglobin concentration is about half normal, indicating moderate anaemia. Since the red cells look normal and mean cell volume is also normal this is a normocytic anaemia. It could be due to bone marrow disease, lack of erythropoietin or other chronic disease. 

B. Option 1 Iron deficiency anaemia. This patient has symptoms of anaemia, along with a suggestion of repeated bleeding into the bowel and a diet likely to be low in iron. The most likely explanation is anaemia due to iron deficiency. This is likely to be a microcytic anaemia, but no confirmatory details of the presence of small pale red cells are given in this case. 

C. Option 7 Compensatory rise in cardiac output. This patient has severe anaemia. In order to provide adequate oxygen for the tissues, the low oxygen content per litre must be compensated by increased flow. This patient shows the features – fast pulse, high pulse pressure – of an increased resting cardiac output (hyperdynamic circulation). 

D. Option 2 Pernicious anaemia. This patient has moderately severe anaemia. Because the red cell count is disproportionately low, the cells must be larger than normal – macrocytic. This is explained by the low level of vitamin B₁₂ and the normal folate excludes another major macrocytic anaemia. The B₁₂ deficiency at this age is usually due to failure of the stomach to produce intrinsic factor – pernicious anaemia. The term pernicious was used because before the discovery of vitamin B₁₂ there was no treatment and the condition got worse and worse until the patient died from an extremely low level of hemoglobin. 

E. Option 8 Decreased blood viscosity. A bruit or murmur in the circulation indicates turbulent flow. Turbulent flow is much more likely as the viscosity of blood decreases. Since most of the blood viscosity is due to the hematocrit, moderate anaemia could reduce the viscosity by around half. The increased velocity of flow due to the increased cardiac output mentioned in (C) would also increase the chance of turbulence.

A. Option 2 Hypo-osmolality. Excessive retention of water dilutes all the body fluids leading to hypo-osmolality. Water crosses the cell membrane until equilibrium is attained. Inappropriately high levels of antidiuretic hormone could do this. 

B. Option 5 Raised haematocrit. As fluid is lost, plasma volume declines, so the red blood cells become an increasing proportion of blood volume. 

C. Option 1 Hyper-osmolality. The high glucose raises the osmolality proportionately, so a rise of 25 mmol/litre in the extracellular glucose level would raise the osmolality from 285 to 310 mosmol/kg, an appreciable rise. This would draw fluid from cells, including brain cells, disturbing function. 

D. Option 2 Hypo-osmolality. Drinking excessive amounts of water has the same effect as excessive retention by the kidney. However healthy people promptly excrete the excess fluid. 

E. Option 2 Hypo-osmolality. Excess water is drawn into brain cells by osmosis. This also disturbs brain function.

The President of India can be removed from office only by a special procedure

The Upper House of the Parliament is Rajya sabha .

When the Question-Answer session finishes, the Zero hour starts. It starts at 12 Noon and that is why it is called the Zero hour. During the Zero hour, urgent matters can be raised without giving prior notice.

The seven Union Territories occupy roughly 0.33 per cent of the total area of the country.

Legislature is the Committee that makes laws for the day-to-day administration of the country and for the protection of the freedom and rights of its citizens. The laws that are carried out by the Executive are made by the Legislature. The people in a country through their right to’ vote choose their representatives. The Legislature thus established democratically is responsible to the people. In different countries, different types of Legislature can be found. It is based on the relations between the Executive and Legislature that governments are divided into Parliamentary and Presidential systems.

Money bills are those that deal with economic matters. They can originate only in the Lok Sabha. The process of Money Bill is different. After passing it, the Lok Sabha passes it on to the Rajya Sabha for suggestions. But Rajya Sabha has no power to change it or reject it. In 14 days’ time after the receipt of the bill by the Rajya Sabha, it should send it back to the Lok Sabha with suggestions. The suggestions can be accepted or rejected by the Lok Sabha. If the bill is not returned within 14 days, it will be considered to have been passed by both Houses. The Rajya Sabha has virtually no important role to play in the Money Bills.

• Discussions and debates. 
• Approving of rejecting the laws. 
• Control through finances 
• Motion of No-Confidence

Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

It has 545 members – 543 elected and 2 nominated.

Defection is when an elected member of a party refuses to obey party-whip and joins with other parties. Law of anti-defection makes such defections unlawful. The law envisages that the membership of the defected member should be canceled. This law ensures the stability of the government.

Although both Britain and India have Parliamentary (Cabinet) System, the Parliaments in both countries do not have the same status. Since Britain has no written constitution, its Parliament has unlimited powers. It can pass or reject any law. Courts can’t question the Parliament there. The Parliament can even ignore Court decisions. In short, there is nothing the Parliament can’t do there.

Sumatra Mahakam is the present Lok Sabha Speaker.

Administrators of Union Territories are responsible to the  President

A person can not be a member of both Houses of Parliament .

The correct answer is Banks.

• NPAs
  • A Non-Performing Asset (NPA) is a loan or advance for which the principal or interest payment remained overdue for a period of 90 days.
  • Banks are required to classify NPAs further into Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss Assets. 
• Stressed assets
  • Stressed assets = NPAs + Restructured loans + Written off assets
  • The stressed asset is a powerful indicator of the health of the banking sector.
• Bank
  • A bank is a financial institution licensed to receive deposits and make loans.
  • Banks may also provide financial services such as wealth management, currency exchange, and safe deposit boxes.
  • There are several different kinds of banks including retail banks, commercial or corporate banks, and investment banks.
  • Banks are regulated by the national government or central bank.

• Chit funds
  • A chit fund is a type of rotating savings and credit association system.
  • Some variations of chit funds, the savings are for a specific purpose.
  • Chit funds are often microfinance organizations.
  • A chit fund comprises a group of members, called subscribers.

The monthly salary of a State Governor is Rs. 110000

The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court draws a monthly salary of Rs 100000

The correct answer is Late Gavn Devi, Late Kailash Sankhla, Pandit Ram Narayan and Late Nagendra Singh.

•  Late Gavn Devi, Late Kailash Sankhla, Pandit Ram Narayan, and Late Nagendra Singh awardees of Rajasthan - Ratna, 2013.

• Rajasthan Ratna (Jewel of Rajasthan or Gem of Rajasthan) is the highest civilian award of Rajasthan. Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex is eligible for the award.
• Awardees are given one hundred thousand rupees, a shawl, and a citation by the state governor, chief minister, and minister of art and culture. The award mirrors the Bharat Ratna which is conferred by the Government of India.
• Rajasthan Ratna 2013
  • D. R. Mehta (social service)
  • Jasdev Singh (commentary)
  • Ram Narayan (sarangi player)
  • Nagendra Singh (law)
  • Kailash Sankhala (environment protection)
  • Hasrat Jaipuri (Urdu Hindi poet)
  • Gavri Devi (Maand singer).

Correct option is B) custom

The correct answer is Chetak - Lichchawi.

• Parsvanath - Isvaku Dynasty.
• Bindusara - Maurya Dyanasty.
• Sakandgupta - Gupta Dynasty.
• Hence, the correct pair is Chetak - Lichchhawi.

• Chetak also called King Chetak was the representative of the Licchavi clan who ruled as a Republican President in Vaishali (India) reputed to have organized the Vajjian confederation of republics comprising the 9 Mallakis, 18 Gana Rajas of Kashi/Kosala, and 9 Licchavi Republics.
• He was a 5th-century BC contemporary of Gautama Buddha and Jain Tirthankara Lord Mahavira. 

The correct answer is (A) - (iii), (B) - (iv), (C) - (i), (D) - (ii).

• Rigveda - The oldest Veda is the Rigveda. It has 1028 hymns called ‘Suktas’ and is a collection of 10 books called ‘Mandalas.’
• Samaveda - Known as the Veda of melodies and chants, Samaveda dates back to 1200-800 BCE. This Veda is related to public worship. 
• Yajurveda - Stands to mean ‘Worship Knowledge’, Yajurveda dates back to 1100-800 BCE; corresponding with Samaveda. It compiles ritual-offering mantras/chants. These chants were offered by the priest alongside a person who used to perform a ritual (in most cases yajna fire.)
• Atharvaveda - Stands to mean a tatpurusha compound of Atharvan, an ancient sage, and knowledge (atharvan+knowledge), it dates back to 1000-800 BCE.

Equality, Fraternity and Liberty were ideas that emanated from the revolution of  France

Judges of State High Courts  draws the lowest salary.

According to the constitution of India, the term 'District Judge' shall not include Tribunal Judge

The first Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir was  Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah

Correct option: a) SBI

OTP -One time password

One time password is the full form of OTP.

DSA-Direct Sales Agents

Direct Sales Agents is the expanded form of DSA.

The correct answer is As a means to something else.

• Intrinsic value 
  • It is the value that an entity has in itself, for what it is, or as an end. 
  • The contrasting type of value is instrumental value.
  • Instrumental value is the value that something has as a means to a desired or valued end.
  • Instrumental value is always derivative on the value of something else, and it is always conditional. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
  • Something's instrumental value fluctuates based on changes in the desirability of the end to which it is a means and whether alternative, more efficient, means are available.
  • For example, the fishing line has instrumental value just in case a person wants to catch fish; and its value might diminish if a person gains access to a much more effective fishing net.
  • It is uncontroversial that ecosystems and species possess a wide variety of instrumental values (e.g., cultural value, recreational value, medicinal value, spiritual value, transformational value, natural resource value, and ecosystem services value). 
  • There are two different views on the basis or grounding for intrinsic value.
  • On one of these views, intrinsic value is created by human valuing (Callicott 1986, Elliot 1992).
  • On this subjective intrinsic value view, something has intrinsic value if it is valued for what it is, rather than for what it can bring about. Subjective intrinsic value is created by valuers through their evaluative attitudes or judgments — it does not exist before or independent from these.
  • Because of this, it is, like instrumental value, conditional.
  • People value a wide variety of things intrinsically (e.g., personal mementoes, cultural and religious artefacts, ceremonies and rituals, accomplishments, performances, and historical sites) and they do so for a variety of reasons (e.g., for what an entity represents, what it embodies, its rarity, its history, or its beauty).
  • Because it is reason-oriented, subjective intrinsic valuing is not arbitrary and it is open to evaluation — as well as revision — through education and persuasion. In this way, it is distinguished from mere preferences or tastes.

Griffith injected both S and R strains to mice. The one which was infected with the S strain developed pneumonia and died while that infected with the R strain stayed alive.

In the second stage, Griffith heat-killed the S strain bacteria and injected into mice, but the mice stayed alive. Then, he mixed the heat-killed S and live R strains. This mixture was injected into mice and they died. In addition, he found living S strain bacteria in dead mice.

(a) sporophyte 

Poor arrangement and setting up of classroom lays Negative impact on children.

The correct answer is Sampat Pal Devi.

• The Gulabi Gang is an exceptional women’s movement began in 2006 by Sampat Pal Devi in the Banda District of Uttar Pradesh India.

•  The women’s group is well known as Gulabi or ‘Pink’ Gang because the members wear bright pink saris and hold bamboo sticks.
•  The Gulabi Gang was at first intended to punish repressive husbands, fathers and brothers, and battle domestic violence and desertion.
•  The Gulabi Gang consists of women between the age of18 and 60 years.
• There is no gender-based discrimination in Gulabi Gang as it not only focuses on male jurisdiction over women but also on human rights and male exploitation.
• The Gulabi Gang have also put a stop some child marriages and denounce dowry and female illiteracy.

The correct answer is A.K. Fazlul Huq.

• He was popularly known as "Shere-Bengal" or "Lion of Bengal".
• A.K. Fazlul Huq was a key figure in Bengalee nationalist politics for around four decades and formed the peasant-based Krishak Praja Party.
• Huq was the premier of undivided Bengal and chief minister and governor of East Bengal.

Yes. Recently, I had an opportunity to pass by a dense forest at the outskirts of my native place. I wanted to have a feel of it and so I entered a few meters into the forest. The silence and the darkness was both comforting and disturbing at the same time.

I was on my way to hometown. Even though, I didn’t have much time to stop by the forest, I enjoyed the limitless beauty for a moment. When I entered into the forest, the long grown trees made a canopy over my head. The leaves almost covered the sky. The gentle breeze spread the refreshing smell of damp soil. Every now and then there was a sound of birds chirping. I left the forest soon but it was an unforgettable experience.