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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Class 11 knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1501. |
What are tithe |
| Answer» The church was entitled to a tenth share of whatever the peasants produced from their land over the course of year, called a tithe. | |
| 1502. |
Write a short note on seals of mesopotamia please answer the question??? |
| Answer» 1. In Mesopotamia until the end of the first millennium BCE, cylindrical stone seals, pierced down the centre, were fitted with a stick and rolled over wet clay so that a continuous picture was created.2. They were carved by very skilled craftsmen, and sometimes carry writing : the name of the owner, his god, his official position, etc.3. A seal could be rolled on clay covering the the string\xa0knot of a cloth package or the mouth of a pot keeping the contents safe. When rolled on a letter written on a clay tablet, it became a mark of authenticity. So the seal was the mark of a city dweller\'s role in public life. | |
| 1503. |
Write a short note on the seal of mesopotamia |
| Answer» Cylinder\xa0seals\xa0were a small, carved stone cylinder that was used to\xa0make\xa0an impression in wet clay. When rolled on the wet clay, the\xa0seal\xa0left an impression that could prove ownership or identity. ... For 3,000 years cylinder\xa0seals\xa0were used all over\xa0Mesopotamia\xa0and wherever\xa0Mesopotamian\xa0influence was felt.\xa0Cylinder\xa0seals were\xa0impression stamps, often quite intricate in design,\xa0used\xa0throughout\xa0Mesopotamia.\xa0They were\xa0known as kishib in Sumerian and kunukku in Akkadian and\xa0were used\xa0by everyone, from royals to slaves, in the transaction of business and sending correspondence.\xa0They\xa0originated in the Late Neolithic Period c. | |
| 1504. |
Give the pen picture of a political social economic and religious life of Mesopotamia |
| Answer» Type of Government: Mesopotamia was ruled by kings. The kings only ruled a single city though, rather than the entire civilization. For example, the city of Babylon was ruled by\xa0King\xa0Hammurabi. Each\xa0king\xa0and city designed the rules and systems that they thought would be most beneficial for their people.\xa0The staples of\xa0Mesopotamian life\xa0were bread, beer and onions. Breakfast might include a porridge or a soup as well as bread with beer to wash it down. People also drank water and milk, though milk spoiled quickly in the hot climate. After breakfast, those who worked in or around their homes began their workday. | |
| 1505. |
why do you think assurbanipal and nabonidua cherished early mesopotanian tradition |
| Answer» | |
| 1506. |
Who made the printing press.? Which book did he point.? What was it\'s impact.? |
| Answer» Created in China, the printing press revolutionized society there before being further developed in Europe in the 15th Century by\xa0Johannes Gutenberg\xa0and his invention of the Gutenberg press.\xa0German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg is credited with inventing the\xa0printing press\xa0around 1436, although he was far from the first to automate the book-printing\xa0process. Woodblock\xa0printing\xa0in China dates back to the 9th century and Korean bookmakers were\xa0printing\xa0with moveable metal type a century before Gutenberg. | |
| 1507. |
Explain the cave paintings at altamira |
| Answer» Solutrean\xa0paintings\xa0include images of horses and goats, as well as handprints that were created when artists placed their hands on the\xa0cave\xa0wall and blew pigment over them to leave a negative image. Numerous other\xa0caves\xa0in northern Spain contain Paleolithic\xa0art, but none is as complex or well-populated as\xa0Altamira.\xa0The\xa0paintings\xa0may have been used in religious rituals.In terms of a specific\xa0purpose, some experts believe that the\xa0paintings\xa0may have been used during a ritual where a shaman would enter the\xa0cave\xa0and go into a trance in order to make contact with spirits. | |
| 1508. |
Why is there never any shortage of food even in the times of drought among the hadza? 30-50 words |
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| 1509. |
Explain the modes of communication of early humans with reference to language and art. 30-50 words |
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| 1510. |
Explain the ways of obtaining food by the early humans. 30-50 words |
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| 1511. |
Explain the differences between hominoids and hominids. 30-50 words |
| Answer» \tHominoidsHominidsHominoids have smaller brain than hominids.Hominids have a bigger brain than hominoids.They walk on 4 feet.They walk on 2 feet.Hominoids have lesser hand evolution.Hominids have more detailed evolution of hand.Hominoids are quadrupeds but with flexible forelimbs.Hominids are biped and have an upright posture.\t | |
| 1512. |
Why were scholars reluctant to accept the findings of fossils of early humans? 30-50 words |
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| 1513. |
Explain the word homo. Into how many characteristic it is divided? Name them. 30 words |
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| 1514. |
Explain the term ethonography. In 30 words |
| Answer» Ethnography is the study of contemporary ethnic groups. It includes an examination of their modes of livelihood, technology, gender roles, rituals, political institutions and social customs. | |
| 1515. |
Explain the term anthropology. In 30 words |
| Answer» Anthropology is a discipline that studies human culture and evolutionary aspects of human biology.\xa0It studies the development of man from the physical, cultural and social point of view. It also studies individual, their groups and production. | |
| 1516. |
Explain the term artefacts. In 30 words |
| Answer» Artefacts are objects that are made by human beings. The term can refer to a wide range of things : tools, paintings, sculpture, engravings. | |
| 1517. |
Explain the word homo. Into how many characteristics it is divided? Name them. In 30 words |
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| 1518. |
Explain the word Australopithecus? In 30 words |
| Answer» The word Australopithecus is derived from Latin word ‘austral’ means southern and a Greek word ‘pithekos’ which means ‘apes’. Hence, the word means southern apes (Southern Monkey). The earliest human is called so because he resembles them. | |
| 1519. |
Name the book written by charles darwin.when was it published? In 30 words |
| Answer» Charles Darwin described the idea of evolution in 1859 in his book, The Origin of Species | |
| 1520. |
What was letter of indulgence |
| Answer» Thank you very much<br>In catholic Church, it was a very common practice to issue a letter that was known as the "letter of indulgence".\tIn catholic Church, it was a very common practice to issue a letter that was known as the "letter of indulgence".\tThis practice was performed just before the introduction of reforms in catholic religion.\tIn this practice a sinner or repentant receives an exemption from his sins through performing some religious actions and godly deeds.\tThis practice was doe on certain occasions when masses of people would gather for some formal events.\tThe money was also collected and saved latter for the war against Turk community. | |
| 1521. |
Describe the administrative set up in acient Roman empire????????????????????????✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍ |
| Answer» #Rome had federal government.#Later kingship developed.#Later Rome developed Republication. | |
| 1522. |
Describe the social organization of the ancient roman empire ??? |
| Answer» Ancient Rome\xa0was made up of a\xa0structure\xa0called a\xa0social\xa0hierarchy, or division of people into differently-ranked groups depending on their jobs and family. The\xa0emperor\xa0was at the top of this\xa0structure, followed by the wealthy landowners, the common people, and the slaves (who were the lowest class).\xa0There are three main groups of the Roman republic. They are\xa0patricians,\xa0plebeians, and slaves. The\xa0patricians\xa0are the highest and wealthiest of the social classes. Most\xa0patricians\xa0are aristocrats. | |
| 1523. |
Comparison between cities of ur and uruk |
| Answer» Ur: ## Ur was the town whose ordinary houses were systematically excavted in 1930s.# # Narrow winding streets indicate that whelled crafs could not reach many of the houses.## it was the town, one of the earliest cities. It is often compared to Mohenjo Daro.Uruk: ## it was the city par excellence often known as simply \' the city\'. ##Gilgamesh , which was written on 12 tablets . It was the work of uruk who was the ruler of mesopotamia in 2700 bce. | |
| 1524. |
Write a short note on manorial estate. |
| Answer» Manorial Estate:i. A lord had his own manor-house. He also controlled villages - some lords controlled hundreds of villages - where peasants lived. A small manorial estate could contain a dozen families, while larger estates might include fifty or sixty.ii. Almost everything needed for daily life was found on the estate: grain was grown in the fields, blacksmiths and carpenters maintained the lord’s implements and repaired his weapons, while stonemasons looked after his buildings.iii. Women spun and wove fabric, and children worked in the lord’s wine-presses. The estate had extensive woodlands and forests where the lords hunted. They contained pastures where his cattle and his horses grazed. There was a church on the estate and a castle for defence.iv. From the thirteenth century, some castles were made bigger for use as a residence\xa0for a knight’s family. In fact, in England castles were practically unknown before the Norman Conquest, and developed as centres of political administration and military power under the feudal system. | |
| 1525. |
Notes of ch01 of history |
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| 1526. |
Write in brief about the importance of southern and northern east regions of mesopotamia |
| Answer» Southern part was a desert where pasturing of animals was common . Green undulating plains lie in the north east of the country.these plain turned into tree covered mountains, clear streams and wild flowers | |
| 1527. |
Describe the condition of the slaves in acient Roman empire |
| Answer» A large number of people in ancient Greek and Rome were slaves. The prisoners of war and those who could not pay their debts were kept as slaves. The conditions were\xa0very bad, they had to work day and night and they were deprived of all the social and political rights.All types of works were taken from the slaves. They were employed in agriculture, mining, road building, workshops and on the ships.\xa0 | |
| 1528. |
Write about the economic life of the roman empire |
| Answer» For all of the glory and grandeur of Ancient Rome, the\xa0Roman economy\xa0never developed into anything terribly complex compared to modern economies. Ancient Rome was an agrarian and slave based economy whose main concern was feeding the vast number of citizens and legionaries who populated the Mediterranean region. Agriculture and trade dominated\xa0Roman economic\xa0fortunes, only supplemented by small scale industrial production.The staple crops of Roman farmers in Italy were various grains, olives, and grapes. Olive oil and wine, outside of direct food stuffs, were among the most important products in the ancient civilized world and led Italy\'s exports. Romans did use a limited form of 2 tier crop rotation, but crop production was largely low output and required a vast number of slaves to operate at any volume.Farmers could donate surplus crops to the government in lieu of a monetary tax. This system allowed both Republican and Imperial rulers to gain popularity with the masses through free grain distribution and also help to feed the legions at no direct monetary cost. Unfortunately it also left farmers with little incentive to increase productivity or output, since more crop translated to more taxes (and more free grain distributions). Citizens grew dependent on these grain doles and the large volume of trade that ensued. The need to secure grain providing provinces was one important, of many factors that would lead to the expansion and conquests of the Roman State.Among these conquests were the provinces of Egypt, Sicily and Tunisia in North Africa. These areas were of vital importance in the processing and shipment of grain to Rome. Grain was shipped directly to Ostia, the official port of Rome, and penalties for disruption of the most direct route included deportation or execution. Once delivered to Ostia the grain was weighed, checked for quality, and then sent up the Tiber River on barges to Rome, where it would be repacked for distribution throughout the Empire. | |
| 1529. |
How to make a mind map of history chapter |
| Answer» | |
| 1530. |
Discuss the factors that brought an end to feudalism in Europe |
| Answer» Feudalism was a hierarchical system of land use and patronage that dominated Europe between the 9th and 14th centuries. Under Feudalism, a monarch’s kingdom was divided and subdivided into agricultural estates called manors. The nobles who controlled these manors oversaw agricultural production and swore loyalty to the king. Despite the social inequality it produced, Feudalism helped stabilize European society. But in the 14th century, Feudalism waned. The underlying reasons for this included warfare, disease, political change etc.Causes of decline of feudalismFeudalism contained seed of destructionFeudalism contained in itself the seeds of its destruction. As Henry Martin has observed, “Feudalism concealed in its bosom the weapons with which it would be itself one day smitten”. In course of time when the feudal lords began to assert themselves too much, the kings who headed the feudal hierarchy, thought of bringing them under control. In this task they received full support from the newly emerged middle classes and freemen who were not under the control of the lords.The middle classes consisting of traders and businessmen provided the king with money with which they began to maintain independent armies. With the help of these armies they were able to bring the turbulent nobles under control. The discovery of gun-powder and weapons like cannons also greatly helped the kings to reduce the lords to subjection and reduced their dependence on them.Growth of trade and commerceThe liberation of the serfs due to enormous growth in trade and commence also greatly contributed to. The decline of feudalism. With the growth of trade and commerce a number of new cities and towns grew which provided new opportunities for work. The serfs got an opportunity to free themselves of the feudal lords by taking up work in the new towns. It may be observed that according to the existing feudal laws, a serf could become a freeman if he stayed away from the manor for more than one year.CrusadesThe Crusades or the Holy wars also greatly contributed to the decline of the feudal system in the following ways:\tAs a result of these wars the Europeans learnt the use of gun-powder from the Muslims. The discovery of gun\xadpowder greatly undermined the importance of the feudal castles. As a result it was no more possible for the feudal lords to take shelter in these castles and defy the authority of the king.\tDuring the Crusade a large number of feudal lords lost their lives which gave a series set back to the feudal system. Some of the feudal lords who returned alive from the Crusades were forced to sell charter of liberties to towns which they once controlled. As a result a larger number of serfs self attained freedom.\tCrusades opened up trade between Europe and cities of Constantinople and Alexandria. As a result, commerce and industry in Europe received a fillip and a number of important cities developed. The merchants and artisans residing in these cities wished to free themselves from the control of feudal lords.\xa0Therefore, they either purchased freedom or ob\xadtained it by force. They secured the right of self-government and freedom from feudal dues and taxes. After freeing themselves from the control of the nobles, the cities began to maintain their own armed militia and con\xadstructed high turreted walls to protect themselves.The Hundred Years’ WarTo succeed, feudalism required considerable manpower. Vassals and serfs worked the manor year in and year out, bound by law to a lifetime of labor. But when war broke out between England and France in 1337, both nations undertook an unprecedented military buildup. This marked the start of the Hundred Years’ War, a series of intermittent conflicts that lasted until 1543. In both countries, the army swelled its ranks with feudal laborers, undermining the manorial system while increasing the value of commoners by teaching them much-needed military skills.The Black DeathTen years after the Hundred Years’ War began, the bubonic plague broke out in Europe. Spreading northwards from Italy, the bacterial infection known as the Black Death claimed at least a third of Western Europe’s total population. With the young men of France and England off at war, agricultural output was already declining. Now there was a new challenge facing feudalism. Manor after manor suffered devastating losses. Conditions were so severe, in fact, that waves of laborers ran away to larger cities, an act that would have once been punishable by law.Political ChangesFeudalism was a coercive system that granted few individual liberties. Ancient laws kept peasants tied to the land, making their labor compulsory. Yet over time, concepts of individual rights gradually gained footing, especially in England. The 12th century reforms of Henry II, for instance, expanded the legal rights of a person facing trial. In 1215, King John was forced to approve the Magna Carta, a document obligating the crown to uphold common law. Eighty years later, Edward I finally extended parliamentary membership to commoners. These developments gradually made the concept of agricultural servitude appear inexcusable.Social UnrestBy the 1350s, war and disease had reduced Europe’s population to the point that peasant labor had become quite valuable. Yet conditions for the serfs themselves remained largely unchanged. They were still heavily taxed on wages kept artificially low. Unable to survive in these circumstances, Europe’s peasantry revolted. Between the 1350s and the 1390s, uprisings took place in England, Flanders, France, Italy, Germany and Spain. After an English revolt in 1381, Richard II promised to abolish serfdom. Though he later failed to keep his word, serfdom nonetheless died out in the next century.End of the Middle AgesThe end of serfdom meant the end of feudalism itself. Europe’s manors could no longer function without a labor supply. As feudalism faded, it was gradually replaced by the early capitalist structures of the Renaissance. Land owners now turned to privatized farming for profit. Laborers began demanding – and were given – better wages and additional liberties. Thus, the slow growth of urbanization began, and with it came the cosmopolitan worldview that was the hallmark of the Renaissance. | |
| 1531. |
Write main teachings of islam |
| Answer» Main teachings of Islam are given below:\tAllah should be worshiped.\tNo Muslim should practice idol worship. It is a sin.\tMuslims should believe that all Muslims are equal. They should regard themselves as brothers.\tAll Muslims should follow the same rules regarding marriage and divorce.\tAll Muslims should lead a simple life.\xa0 | |
| 1532. |
Where the first writing skill emerge in mesopotamia |
| Answer» The\xa0first written\xa0language in\xa0Mesopotamia\xa0is called Sumerian. Most of the\xa0early\xa0tablets come from the site of Uruk, in southern\xa0Mesopotamia, and it may have been here that this form of\xa0writing\xa0was invented. | |
| 1533. |
Difference between Mesopotamian and Modern writing? |
| Answer» | |
| 1534. |
Give some of the important change that marked Europe of the 14th and 15th centuries.? |
| Answer» From the middle to the end of the\xa014th century,\xa0Europe\xa0was struck with the devastating pandemic of the Black Death — the bubonic plague — which in the short span of 1348–1350 wiped out fully one-third of the population. ... The plague continued to recur, though not in such virulent form, in every decade of the\xa0century. In\xa0Europe, the\xa015th century\xa0is seen as the bridge between the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period. ... The division of the Catholic Church and the unrest associated with the Hussite movement would become factors in the rise of the Protestant Reformation in the following\xa0century.15th Century\xa01400-1499 CE\tPortugal extended its international trading routes. In Portugal navigation, exploration and mastery of the oceans dominated. ...\tThe Hundred Years War continues. The costly war continues: ...\tThe Renaissance gains momentum in Italy. ...\tThe church in the\xa015th century. ...\tGutenberg built a printing press in 1439. | |
| 1535. |
Why were very few Mesopotamians able to read and write? ??? |
| Answer» Very few Mesopotamians were able to read and write because of the following reason :1. there were hundred of signs to learn.2. many of the signs were too complex to understand. | |
| 1536. |
What constitute the chief sources for the reconstruction of roman history? At least in 30 words |
| Answer» The Roman Renaissance: In the 15th century, Rome replaced Florence as the symbol of artistic and cultural influence. The Roman Renaissance was cut short abruptly with the devastation of the city in 1527, but the Papacy reasserted itself in the Counter-Reformation, and the city continued to flourish during the early modern period. Rome was annexed by Napoleon and was technically part of France during 1798–1814. | |
| 1537. |
Enumerate the two merits and demerits of medieral monosteries in Europe.? |
| Answer» Merits of the medieval monasteries:\tMedieval monasteries were the only centers of learning during the medieval period.\tThe monks who resided in the monasteries initially led to a very pious life and also served the people.Demerits of the medieval monasteries:\tSoon the monasteries began to acquire land and amass wealth. Within no time, they became a seat of exploitation rather than of service.\tThe monks led a pious life in the beginning but with passage of time, they led a scandalous life. | |
| 1538. |
Describe a few characteristics of fendal system. |
| Answer» Two features of early feudal society:\tEarly feudal society in France was based on the relationship of lord and peasants. The peasants had to offer labor in the service of their lords.\tThe lord enjoyed special status. His order was supreme. Nobody could deny his order. | |
| 1539. |
Discuss the causes of the development of cities in medieral Europe.? |
| Answer» The causes are:\xa01. The crusades forced the Christians to travel in foreign lands where they came to know of many new objects of comfort and luxury. The demand for new objects gave a great impetus to trade and industry and let to the rise of towns.2.\xa0The emergence of feudalism was accompanied by the decline of trade and towns but with the gradual decline of feudalism, particularly from the 11th century onward, once again to rise\xa0trade and towns.3.\xa0The Rise of the Middle Class towards the end of the Middle Ages also led to the emergence of towns. The economic prosperity of this class helped in the developed of towns.4.\xa0The contact between the East and West encouraged trade and commerce which ultimately led to the establishment of various arts and crafts at different centres. These centres slowly became towns. | |
| 1540. |
List some of the important sources for 14th to 17th century Europe.? |
| Answer» | |
| 1541. |
What was taille |
| Answer» Taille and tithes were taxes paid in France at the time when the French Revolution.Taille was a direct tax paid to the government | |
| 1542. |
What is meant by conscripted army |
| Answer» Answer plz | |
| 1543. |
Why these kingdom are not powerful or depends on other if they were rich. |
| Answer» \xa0Egypt\xa0is a place where \'the\xa0rich\xa0are few and have much, the\xa0poor\xa0are many and have little. \' Forty percent of the population lives in abject poverty, subsisting on less than $2 a day. A person\'s social class is difficult to determine. It depends on many factors, including\xa0occupation, sources of\xa0income, marketable abilities, access to consumer good and services, and membership in status groups and political parties.\xa0A\xa0person\'s\xa0social class\xa0has\xa0a\xa0significant\xa0impact\xa0on\xa0their\xa0physical health,\xa0their\xa0ability\xa0to\xa0receive adequate medical care and nutrition, and\xa0their life\xa0expectancy. ... Additionally, people with low SES tend\xa0to\xa0experience\xa0a\xa0much higher rate of health issues than those of high SES. | |
| 1544. |
What was the statues of women in the Roman ampire |
| Answer» The women in Roman Empire enjoyed considerable legal rights in owning and managing property. Marriages was arranged. There was no doubt that women were often subject to domination by their husbands. | |
| 1545. |
Describe the architectural features of temple in mesopotamia |
| Answer» (i) Each city of Mesopotamia had its separate protector God. The people built sacred temples or ziggurats or ‘Hill of Heavens’ on the artificial high hill in memory of their patron God in the centre of the city..(ii) Every big temple had a huge tower like multi-storeyed building. Out of these ziggurats, the prominent ones were the temple of the Moon God Mannar at Ur the temple of the Sun God shams at Lagash and the Temple of God Enlil at Nippur. | |
| 1546. |
How can you say that the temple where the centre of administration in mesopotamia |
| Answer» Temples are centre of adminstration because1. All paper work to be done in temples.2. It was keeper of written records of distributions and allotments.3. It was organizer og production and employer of merchants.4. Oil preasing, graining,grinding, spinning and the weaving of woolen clothes also done in temple.5. The temple gradually developed activities and become the main urban institution. | |
| 1547. |
How can you say that temples were the centre of administration in Mesopotamia |
| Answer» Because, 1. All cities were developed around the temples2 . Temples gradually developed it\'s activities and became a main urban institute3 . People easily Trade their goods near the cities4 . Temples were social organisation place which helpful for city manufacturers By this we say that temples were the centre of administration in Mesopotamia | |
| 1548. |
Architectural features of Mesopotamia |
| Answer» 1- Early settlers began to build temple at Selected spot in village2- Earliest temple was a small shrine3- It was made of unbaked bricks 4- Temple became larger over time with several room around open courtyard 5-. Temples wall were painted in different colours, creating a colourful mosaic6-. Sculptures was developed | |
| 1549. |
What were the 3rd century crises the roman empire |
| Answer» As the two centuries was full of peace and the third century was not. the empire found itself fighting on several fronts simultaneously. A more aggrasive dynasty emerged in 225 and just in 15 years were expanding rapidly in the direction of Euphrates. Shahpur I and the Iranian ruler claimed he had defeated the Roman army (60000)and even captured the capital of Antioch. A whole series of germanic tribes or rather tribal confederacies began to move against the Rhine and Danube frontiers and the whole period from 233 to 280 saw repeated invasion of a whole line of provinces that strtched from black sea to alps and southern Germany. The Romans were forced to abandon most of their territories beyond the Danube. | |
| 1550. |
Explain the feature of roman empire |
| Answer» Public baths were a striking feature of Roman urban life (when one Iranian ruler tried to introduce then into Iran, he encountered the wrath of the clergy there! Water was a sacred element and to use it for public bathing may have seemed a desecration to them), and urban populations also enjoyed a much higher level of entertainment.For example, one calendar tells us that\xa0spectacular\xa0(shows) filled no less than 176 days of the year. | |