InterviewSolution
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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1501. |
Answer in 100-150 words: What did the Muslim League demand through its resolution of 1940? |
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Answer» Solution :The Muslim League move a resolution at Lahore DEMANDING a measure of economic for the Muslim majority area of on 23 March 1940. (ii) The term Pakistan or partition was not use because this is the first time that the Muslim League formally and afficiallydemanded a separate state. (iii) Ademand was put forth thatMuslim majority areas in the NORTH west and Eastern zones be grouped together to constitute independent state in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and so was given the SOVEREIGN (iv) The resolution was extremely vargue and ambiguousand the statements of Sikandar Hayat KHAN .He drafted the resolution reflectthat the resolution is ESSENTIALLY wanted a looseconfedrationwithconsiderableautonomy for the confederationunits. The1940 resolution is an important milestone in the Pakistan movement and ultimately culminated in partition. |
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| 1502. |
How can you say that the Harappan culture was an urban one. |
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Answer» Solution :Harappan culture was an urban one as: (i) The HOUSES were made of burnt bricks and CONTAINED more than one storey. Every house had a well and a bathroom. (ii) The DRAINAGE system was excellent with house-drains emptying into street-drains. (iii) The cities were well-planned and THICKLY populated. The roads were straight and wide,in grid pattern, intersected each other at right angle. (iv) The citadel of Harappa had public buildings. Most cities had huge granaries. (v) Lothal had a dockyard and was an important TRADING centre. (vi) After the decline of the Harappan culture, town planning was forgotten and there was absence of the city life for about thousand years. |
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| 1503. |
How was non-cooperation a form of protest? |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Gandhiji believed that BRITISH empire in India could survive as long as the local people were cooperating with the foreign rule. Non-cooperating with the British government was to weaken it and also to protest against the same. (b) Following points explain how it was a protest: (i) Non -COPERATION movement came along with the Khilafat movement. The British has not seen Hindu-Muslim unity of this level ever in history. (ii) The protest of the people was unified cutting across communities and at great scale. (iii) People boycotted the pillars and symbols of British rule, courts, colleges and government offices. Lawyers stopped going to courts and students stayed away from colleges. (iv) At many places alternate arrangements were done to solve litigations out of court. (v) Further, many education institutions were established by the leaders of freedom struggle where students can study. (vi) One of them is Jamia Millia University in Delhi which EXISTS today as one of the most reputed institutes of higher education in India. (vii) People boycotted tax collection also and they REFUSED to pay taxes. Thus, non-cooperation was a KIND of protest too. |
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| 1504. |
Write any two features about the fortification of the Vijayanagara empire. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) No MORTAR or cement AGENT was used while CONSTRUCTING it. (ii) Wedge-shaped stone blocks were used in CONSTRUCTION. (iii) The INNER portion of the wall was of earth packed with rubble. |
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| 1505. |
Who were Bodhisattas ? |
| Answer» Solution :Bodhisattas were those COMPASSIONATE beings who accumulated merit through their EFFORTS but USED this not to attain nirvana but to help | |
| 1506. |
Define the following terms: Chachar and Banjar. |
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Answer» Solution :Chachar : It was a TYPE of land THATHAS been fallow or uncultivated for three to fouryears. Banjar : It was a type of land whichwas LEFT uncultivated for five YEARS and more. |
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| 1507. |
Explain the term of Sulh-i-Kul and its importance. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The term Sulh-i-Kul translates to peace for all. It emphasised on the unity of Truth (wandat-ul-wajid). (ii) The philosophy implied that differences between practices and various faiths were superfluous and all religions were meant to domestic world of the Mughals. She describedserve the same principle. (iii) It was important in the light of Shia-Sunni CONFLICT. This system of thought called for a common RESPECT for all religions and not just sufis within Islam. (iv) Sulh-i-Kul tried to develop bridge which would fill the gap between the divine and temporal authority. Thus, the Sovereign was thought to get gods light on the earth turning him into a perfect man and GIVING him the right to rule. (V) The emperor became a representation of the whole universe and a symbol of pure spiritual wisdom. (vii) Sufism played an important role in the development of Sulh-i-kul. A clear indication was its non-elitist orientation. Its importance arises from the fact that it reflects Akbar.s attempt to integrate the governing class and Mughal throne. (viii) A great and important MOVE was towards liberalism and secularism. |
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| 1508. |
Clarify the meaning of 'Kornish'. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) KORNISH was a form of ceremonial SALUTATION in which the courtier placed the palm of his RIGHT hand against his forehead and bent his head. (II) It was assumed that the subject placed his head on the seat of the senses and mind into the hand of humanity PRESENTING it to the royal assembly. |
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| 1509. |
Why was Mauryan Empire regarded as a major landmark in the early Indian history ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The MAURYAN Empire was the FIRST Empire in the early Inchanrhistory which was-based-on mutual harmony and religious tolerance. (ii) Many historians MAINTAINED that the messages on Ashokan inscriptions were very different from that of most other rulers |
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| 1510. |
Explain the ideals expressed in Objectives Resolution' introduced by Jawaharlal Nehru. |
| Answer» Solution :On 13th December 1946, Jawaharlal Nehru introduced the 'Objectives Resolution' in the CONSTITUENT Assembly. It PROCLAIMED India to be an Independent Sovereign REPUBLIC, and guaranteed its citizens justice, EQUALITY and freedom, and assured that adequate sateguards SHALL be provided for minorities, backward and tribal arcas, and Depressed and Other Backward Classes. | |
| 1511. |
Identify the distinctive features of the imperial household of the Mughal Empire. |
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Answer» Solution :The imperial HOUSEHOLD of the Mughal (i) The Mughal household consisted of the emperor's wives and concubines, his near and distant relatives and female servants and slaves. (ii) Polygamy was practiced widely. (iii) Distinction was maintained between begams and aghas (iv) The concubines occupied the lowest position in the hierarchy (V) The lineage based family structure was not entirely static. Motherhood played important roles in elevating status (vi) Slave eunuchs worked as GUARDS, servants and ALSO as agents for women dabbling in commerce. (vii) Mughal queens and princesses began to control significant financial resources. (viii) Control over resources enabled important women of the Mughal houschold to commission buildings and gardens. (ix) Women also played an important role in resolving conflicts in the imperial household. |
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| 1512. |
"Rumours and prophesies played a part in moving the people into action during the revolt of 1857". Examine the statement with rumours and reasons for its belief. |
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Answer» Solution :Gender DIFFERENCES (Patrilineal succession, Claim of resources, Gotra System) (i) Under PATRILINY, sons could claim the resources (including the throne in the case of kings) of their fathers when the latter died. (II) According to the Manusmriti, the paternal estate was to be divided equally AMONGST sons after the death of the parents, with a special share for the eldest. (iii) Women could not claim a share of these resources. However, women were allowed to retain the gifts they received on the occasion of their marriage as stridhana (LITERALLY, a woman.s wealth). (iv) Upper-class women may have had access to resources, land, cattle and money were generally controlled by men. (v) In other words, social differences between men and women were sharpened because of the differences in access to resources. (vi) One Brahmanical practice, men gotras were defined once whereas women were expected to give up their father.s gotra and adopt that of their husband onmarriage and members of the same gotra could not marry. |
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| 1513. |
Why are Buddhist Stupas said to be "stories in stone" ? Explain. |
| Answer» Solution :Stupas were built of stones BRICKS. Buddha encouraged BUILDING Stupas to mark some events or places ASSOCIATED with Buddhism. Scenes from Vessantara Jakata, cmpty seat meant to indicate the meditation of the Buddha all narrate buddha's stoies Goddes and ANIMALS were depicted through idol and carvings | |
| 1514. |
Discuss the role of the begums of Bhopal in preserving the stupa at Sanchi. |
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Answer» Solution :The role of the Begums of Bhopal in preserving the Stupa at SANCHI is as follows : (i) Its survival and preservation is also in a large measure due to the wise decisions of the begums of Bhopal . Among others the role of Shahjehan begum and her successor Sultan Jehan Begum is commendable. (II) The begums provided money for the restoration and preservation of the ancient site. Sultan Jehan funded the building of the museum and guest house where John Marshall lived , wrote about the Stupa. She also funded the PUBLICATION of the volumes. (iii) John Marshall.s dedication of the volumes to her, proof of her important role in preserving the Sanchi Stupa. (iv) The importance of the efforts of the begums of Bhopal can be judged by the fact that Sanchi survived but Amravati did not. (v) Sanchi was discovered in 1818, three gateways were standing, the fourth was lying on the spot and the mound was in good condition. Now the stupa is an important SOURCE for archaeologists and to reconstruct and understand about the Buddhism. |
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| 1516. |
Discuss Al-Birunii's understanding of the caste system. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) He described that in ancient Persia, four SOCIAL categories were recognised. (a) knights and princes (b) monks (c) fire-priests and lawyers, physicians, astronomers, other scientists, (d) Finally, peasants and artisans. He attempted to suggest that social divisions were not unique to India. (ii) His description of the caste system in India was deeply influenced by his study of Sanskrit texts. The highest castes were the Brahmins as they were created from the head of the Brahmins. (iii) The Kshatriyas were the next caste created from the shoulders and hands of the Brahmin. (iv) The Vaishyas and Shudras were created from the THIGHS and feet of the Brahmin respectively. (v) During early times Persian society was divided into four categories he realized that social division was not unique to India. (vi) Al-Biruni ACCEPTED the caste system. He was against the notion of POLLUTION. (vii) He believed that according to the laws of nature anything which becomes impure ultimately becomes pure again, e.g. the sun clears the air. (viii) The caste system was according to him contrary to the laws of nature. He failed to realize that the caste system was not as rigid as portrayed in the Sanskrit texts. |
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| 1517. |
Read source given below and answer the question whichfollow: "I believe separate electorates will be suicidal to the minorities" During the debate on 27 August 1947, Govind Ballabh Pant said: I believe separate electorates will be suicidal to the minorities and will do them tremendous harm. If they are isolated for ever, they can never convert themselves into a majority and the feeling of frustration will cripple them even from the very beginning. What is it that you desire and what is our ultimate objective? Do the minorities always want to remain as minorities or do they ever expect to form an integral part of a great nation and as such to guide and control its destinies? If they do, can they ever achieve that aspiration and that ideal if they are isolated from the rest of the community? I think it would be extremely dangerous for them if they were segregated from the rest of the community and kept aloof in an airtight compartment where they would have to rely on others even for the Why did G.B . Pant feel separate electorates would be suicidal for theminorities ? |
| Answer» Solution :G.B Pant felt SEPARATE electrons were suicidal as it would PERMANENTLY isolateand segregate the minorities, MAKE the vulnerableand deprive them of an effective WITHIN the government. | |
| 1518. |
Read source given below and answer the question whichfollow: "I believe separate electorates will be suicidal to the minorities" During the debate on 27 August 1947, Govind Ballabh Pant said: I believe separate electorates will be suicidal to the minorities and will do them tremendous harm. If they are isolated for ever, they can never convert themselves into a majority and the feeling of frustration will cripple them even from the very beginning. What is it that you desire and what is our ultimate objective? Do the minorities always want to remain as minorities or do they ever expect to form an integral part of a great nation and as such to guide and control its destinies? If they do, can they ever achieve that aspiration and that ideal if they are isolated from the rest of the community? I think it would be extremely dangerous for them if they were segregated from the rest of the community and kept aloof in an airtight compartment where they would have to rely on others even for the What are separateelectorates ? What are separate electrons? |
| Answer» Solution :Separate ELECTORATES : Certain constitutencies SEATS were reserved for the members of PARTICULAR community or RELIGION. | |
| 1519. |
Read source given below and answer the question whichfollow: "I believe separate electorates will be suicidal to the minorities" During the debate on 27 August 1947, Govind Ballabh Pant said: I believe separate electorates will be suicidal to the minorities and will do them tremendous harm. If they are isolated for ever, they can never convert themselves into a majority and the feeling of frustration will cripple them even from the very beginning. What is it that you desire and what is our ultimate objective? Do the minorities always want to remain as minorities or do they ever expect to form an integral part of a great nation and as such to guide and control its destinies? If they do, can they ever achieve that aspiration and that ideal if they are isolated from the rest of the community? I think it would be extremely dangerous for them if they were segregated from the rest of the community and kept aloof in an airtight compartment where they would have to rely on others even for the Why should theseatsbereservedfor muslimsandother minorities in educationalinstitutions ?Mention arguments in favourandagains. |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Against : Seats should not be reserved because their meritwould be sacrified andthevery essence ofdemocracy WOULDBE dilute. (B) Favour : Muslims and other MINORITIES have remained BACKWARD and need safeguards to PROGRESS. Thereforeseats should be reserved for them to enableupward mobility. |
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| 1520. |
Read source given below and answer the question whichfollow: "I believe separate electorates will be suicidal to the minorities" During the debate on 27 August 1947, Govind Ballabh Pant said: I believe separate electorates will be suicidal to the minorities and will do them tremendous harm. If they are isolated for ever, they can never convert themselves into a majority and the feeling of frustration will cripple them even from the very beginning. What is it that you desire and what is our ultimate objective? Do the minorities always want to remain as minorities or do they ever expect to form an integral part of a great nation and as such to guide and control its destinies? If they do, can they ever achieve that aspiration and that ideal if they are isolated from the rest of the community? I think it would be extremely dangerous for them if they were segregated from the rest of the community and kept aloof in an airtight compartment where they would have to rely on others even for the Who was G.B.Pant? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :GOVIND BALLABH Pantwas a CONGRESS LEADER. | |
| 1521. |
Examine how Lord Dalhousie's policy of annexation created dissatisfaction amongst the of Awadh. |
| Answer» SOLUTION : Briish were felt that the soil of Awadh was very GOOD for producing indigo and cotton and the region was ideally located to be developed into the principal market of upper India. Lord Dalhousic had carried out Awadh annexation in 1856 which crcated the dissatisfaction among the people of Awadh. IHere the Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was dcthroned and exiled to Calcutta on the PLEA that the region was being misgoverned. He was widely loved and when he left his beloved Lucknow, there were many who followed him all way to Kanpur singing songs of lanent. This emotional upheaval was aggravated by immediate material losses. The removal of Nawab led to the dissolution of the court and its culture. Thus a whole range of people musicians, dancers, POETS artisians, cooks, retainers, admninistrative officers so on LOST their livelihood. Taluqdars and sepoys were rendered jobless and powerless | |
| 1522. |
Discuss the account of local traditions associated with the sacred centre. |
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Answer» Solution :According to archaeologists and scholars, the sacred centre was at the ROCKY NORTHERN end of the city, on the bank of River Tungabhadra. Local traditions associated with the sacred centre were as follow : (i) Hills sheltered the MONKEY kingdom of Bali and Sugriva mentioned in Ramayana. (ii) Pampadevi, the local mother goddess, did penance in these hills to marry Virupaksha, the guardian deity of the kingdom - i.e. Shiva. (iii) The area is linked with many religious traditions. Jain temples are found in these hills. They are pre-Vijayanagara AGE. (iv) PROBABLY the city left left alone the holy centre was inspired by the temples of Virupaksha and Pampadevi. The kings of the kingdom claimed to rule on the behalf of god Virupaksha. All royal orders were signed - .Shri Virupaksha.. |
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| 1523. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer "tbe.questions that follow: "Proper" Social Roles Here is a story from the Adi Parvan of the Mababbarata: Once Drona, a Brahmana who taught archery to the Kuru princes, was approached by Ekalavya, a forest-dwelling nishada (a hunting community). When Drona, who knew the dharma, refused to have him as his pupil, Ekalavya returned to the forest, prepared an image of Drona out of clay, and treating it as his teacher, began to practise on his own. In due course, he acquired great skill in archery. One day, the Kuru princes went hunting and their dog, wandering in the woods, came upon Ekalavya. When the dog smelt the dark misbada wrapped in black deer skin, his body caked with dirt, it began to batk. Annoyed, Ekalavya shot seven arrows into its mouth. When the dog retured to the Pandavas, thay were amazed at this superb display of archery. They tracked down Ekalavya, who introduced himself as a pupil of Drona. Drona had once told his favourite student Arjuna, that he would unrivalled amongst his pupils. Arjuna now reminded Drona about this. Drona approached Ekalavya, who immediately acknowledged and honoured hin as his teacher When Drona demanded his right thumb as his fee, Ekalavya unhesitatingly cut it off and offered it. But thereafter, when he shot with his remaining fingers, he was no longer as fast as he had been before. Thus, Drona kept his word: no one was better than unlry. How had Drona kept his word gives to Arjuna? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Drona GAVE his world to ARJUNA would be unrivalled amongst the PUPILS. To prove this Drona demanded Eklavya's right thumb as his fee, EKALAVYA unhesitatingly cut it off and offered it to the guru , so he was no longer as fast as he had been before. | |
| 1524. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer "tbe.questions that follow: "Proper" Social Roles Here is a story from the Adi Parvan of the Mababbarata: Once Drona, a Brahmana who taught archery to the Kuru princes, was approached by Ekalavya, a forest-dwelling nishada (a hunting community). When Drona, who knew the dharma, refused to have him as his pupil, Ekalavya returned to the forest, prepared an image of Drona out of clay, and treating it as his teacher, began to practise on his own. In due course, he acquired great skill in archery. One day, the Kuru princes went hunting and their dog, wandering in the woods, came upon Ekalavya. When the dog smelt the dark misbada wrapped in black deer skin, his body caked with dirt, it began to batk. Annoyed, Ekalavya shot seven arrows into its mouth. When the dog retured to the Pandavas, thay were amazed at this superb display of archery. They tracked down Ekalavya, who introduced himself as a pupil of Drona. Drona had once told his favourite student Arjuna, that he would unrivalled amongst his pupils. Arjuna now reminded Drona about this. Drona approached Ekalavya, who immediately acknowledged and honoured hin as his teacher When Drona demanded his right thumb as his fee, Ekalavya unhesitatingly cut it off and offered it. But thereafter, when he shot with his remaining fingers, he was no longer as fast as he had been before. Thus, Drona kept his word: no one was better than unlry. Why did Drona refuse to have Ekalavya as his pupil? |
| Answer» Solution : Drona, was a Brahmana who knew dharima. He taught archery to the Kuru PRINCES. Once he was approached by Ekalavya, FOREST dwelling NISHADA (a hunting COMMUNITY) to teach him archery but Drona refused to have Ekalavya as his pupil as he was a person of low origin | |
| 1525. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer "tbe.questions that follow: "Proper" Social Roles Here is a story from the Adi Parvan of the Mababbarata: Once Drona, a Brahmana who taught archery to the Kuru princes, was approached by Ekalavya, a forest-dwelling nishada (a hunting community). When Drona, who knew the dharma, refused to have him as his pupil, Ekalavya returned to the forest, prepared an image of Drona out of clay, and treating it as his teacher, began to practise on his own. In due course, he acquired great skill in archery. One day, the Kuru princes went hunting and their dog, wandering in the woods, came upon Ekalavya. When the dog smelt the dark misbada wrapped in black deer skin, his body caked with dirt, it began to batk. Annoyed, Ekalavya shot seven arrows into its mouth. When the dog retured to the Pandavas, thay were amazed at this superb display of archery. They tracked down Ekalavya, who introduced himself as a pupil of Drona. Drona had once told his favourite student Arjuna, that he would unrivalled amongst his pupils. Arjuna now reminded Drona about this. Drona approached Ekalavya, who immediately acknowledged and honoured hin as his teacher When Drona demanded his right thumb as his fee, Ekalavya unhesitatingly cut it off and offered it. But thereafter, when he shot with his remaining fingers, he was no longer as fast as he had been before. Thus, Drona kept his word: no one was better than unlry. Do you think Drona's behaviour with Ekalavya was justified? If so, give reason. |
| Answer» Solution : Drona's BEHAVIOUR with Ekalavya was JUSTIFIED because he promised to Ariuna to be the best in archery but when he saw Ekalavya he was amazed at the supcrior display of archery by him. Ekalavya was a BETTER archerer than Arjuna thus, to KEEP his PROMISE to Arjuna, Drona demanded the thumb of his righr hand as fee from Ekalavya. | |
| 1526. |
How did Partition affect people on both sides of the border? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(a) (i)Indiawas parttioned in 1947 when it became free from the British RULE. It was divided into two countries. India and Pakistan-first was Hindu majority and the second was Muslim majority. (ii) However the partition led to loss of lives and property at an unprecedented scale the prompted many to call it a holocaust. (b) Following are the main reasons to call it a holocaust: (i) Over one millions were killed while crossing borders to SETTLE in their new homeland. (ii) More than twenty millions people became refugees in the land which was alien to them . (iii)The partition was marked by great miseries for women of our society. Many of them were RAPED, many abducted and forced to live with or MARRY to people of other community. (iv)There were cases of forced conversions of people who were captured by people in other community. (v)Many resorted to suicide to save honour of their women and escape forced conversion. |
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| 1527. |
Darbar-i-Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majestry (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance, attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places, Learned men of renown and skilful mechanics pay their respects, and skilful mechanics pay their respects, and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majestry, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skilful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and femalem are in waiting, Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. (iv) What were the means of entertainment for the darbaris? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :(IV) The gladiators, the wrestler, the jugglers and the tumblers ENTERTAINED the DARBARIS who attended the court. | |
| 1528. |
Darbar-i-Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majestry (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance, attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places, Learned men of renown and skilful mechanics pay their respects, and skilful mechanics pay their respects, and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majestry, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skilful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and femalem are in waiting, Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. (iii) How was the position of an individual fixed in the court? |
| Answer» SOLUTION : (III) His position was adjusted by the distance how far he SIT AWAY or close the emperor. | |
| 1529. |
Darbar-i-Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majestry (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance, attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places, Learned men of renown and skilful mechanics pay their respects, and skilful mechanics pay their respects, and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majestry, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skilful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and femalem are in waiting, Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. (ii) Explain any two political activities of Mughal court. |
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Answer» Solution :(II) (a) The sons and grandsons of the EMPEROR had to attend the Mughal ROYAL court. (b) The officers of justice presented their reports. (c) The king gave orders and SETTLED everything in a satisfactory MANNER. |
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| 1530. |
Darbar-i-Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majestry (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance, attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places, Learned men of renown and skilful mechanics pay their respects, and skilful mechanics pay their respects, and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majestry, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skilful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and femalem are in waiting, Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. How were the people informed about the court? |
| Answer» SOLUTION : (V) They were informed by beating a large drum and SINGING divine PRAISE. | |
| 1531. |
Name any two sources which provide us information about agriculture in Mughal Period . |
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Answer» Solution :Following SOURCES provide us with information aboutagriculture in the Mughal PERIOD . (i) Ain-i AKBARI (ii)Accounts of foreign travellers (iii)Documents of EAST Indiacompany (iv)Counterpart literature streetsof the cities INTERSECTED each other at right angle. The cities wereproperly planned with well-laid outsystems of drains. |
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| 1532. |
Describe the functioning and authorityof the village Panchayat during 16th and 17th century. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) To ensure that caste boundaries COULD be UPHELD by differentcommunities residingin the VILLAGE. (ii)To keep control over all the members of the community was the main responsibilityoftheofthevillage headman. (III)Panchayathad the rightto levy fines. (iv)It had the right to expulsionof any wrong-doer from their community. |
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| 1533. |
"Buddhism grew rapidly both during the lifetime of the Buddha and after his death." Justify the statement with suitable arguments. |
| Answer» Solution :Gautam Buddha founded Buddhism in during 6th century BCE. The releion BECOME popular during the the lifetime of Buddha and continue to spread beyond India after his death. The reason for the popularity and propagation of Buddhism was its messnge and its simplicity. People did not find its teachings difficult to understand. Local language was used by the Sangh to spread it. In fact, Gautam Buddha used to speak in the Prakrit language rather than in Sanskrit. Buddha ws ygaimst any rirunts-so te did away wtth them. People found it easy to follow this philosophy. Asoka and later on other kings accepted Buddhism as their religion, because it was a powerful creed at that time. Buddha did not believe in caste system and treated everyone equally which meant the people of the lower caste were happy. Buddhism attached importance to conduct and values rather than CLAIMS of superiority based on birth. They emphasised on meta' (fellow felling) and 'karuna' (COMPASSION) especially for those who were youger and weaker than oneself. These ideas drew men and women to the fold of Buddhism. A body of followers of Buddha was founded in an organization known as Sangha. Followers came from many social groups which included kings, wealthy men gahapatis and humbler folk. The teachings of Buddha were written in Tripitakas, or the Three Baskets. Buddhist Sangha was quick to spread the message of Buddha to different parts of India and ABROAD. Buddhism was opposed to customs and RITUALS as was done in Brahmanism. | |
| 1534. |
Examine the events that took place during 1920s and 1930s which consolidated the communal identities in the country. |
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Answer» Solution :The events that took place during 1920s and 30s which consolidated the Communal IDENTITIES (i) Muslims were angered by Music-before mosque. (ii) By the cow protection movement. (iii) By the efforts of the Arya Samaj to bring back to the Hindu FOLD (Shuddhi) those who had CONVERTED to Islam. (iv) Hindus were angered by the rapid spread of .tabligh (propaganda) and tanzim (Organization) after 1923. (v) Middle class publicists and communal activists sought to build greater solidarity within their communities, mobilising people against the other community. (vi) Hindu Mahasabha defines Hindu identity in opposition to MUSLIM identity. (vii) Every communal riot deepend differences between communities, creating disturbing memories of violence. (viii) Separate Electorate 1909 for Muslims expanded in 1919, CREATED temptations to use sectarian slogans and divided society. (Any other relevant points) (Any Four points to be examined) |
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| 1535. |
"The granting of titles to the men of merit was an important aspect of Mughal polity. " Explain. |
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Answer» SOLUTION : Titles (i) The granting of titles to men of merit was an important aspect of Mughal polity. (ii) A man.s ascent in the court hierarchy could be traced through the titles he held. (iii) The TITLE Asaf Khan for ONE of the highest ministers originated with Asaf, the legendary minister of the prophet king Sulaiman (Solomon). (iv) The title Mirza Raja was accorded by AURANGZEB to his two highest-ranking NOBLES, Jai Singh and Jaswant Singh. Titles could be earned or paid for. (v) Other awards included the robe of honour (khilat), a garment once worn by the emperor and imbued with his benediction. (vi) One gift, the sarapa ("head to foot"), consisted of a tunic, a turban and a sash (patka). (vii) Jewelled ornaments were often given as gifts by the emperor. The lotus blossom set with jewels (padma murassa) was given only in exceptional circumstances such as in marriage. (viii) The nobility was recruited from diverse ethnic and religious groups. (ix) The officer corps of the Mughals was described as a bouquet of flowers (guldasta) (Any other relevant points). (Any Four points to be examined) |
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| 1536. |
Examine how the Ricardo's idea of landownership was introduced in the "Bombay |
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Answer» Solution :According to Ricardian Theory, a landowner should have a claim only to the "average that prevailed at a given ume, When the land yiekded more than this "average rent, the landowner had a surplus that the state needed to tax. If tax was not levied, CULTIVATORS rentiers, and their surplus income was unlikely to be productively invested in the improvement of the land. Many British officials in India thought that the history of BENGAL confirmed Ricardo's Theory. There the Zamindars seemed to have turned into rentiers, leasing out land and living on the rental incomes. It was therefore, neces sary the Brntish officials now felt, to have a different system. The ystem of revenue that was introduced in Bombay Dcccan was known to be ryotwari the Bengal system, the reven e directly sertled with the ryor in which the averae income from different TYPES of soil was estimated, the tevenuc-paying capacity of the ryot was as sessed and a proportion of it fixed as the share of the state. The lands were SURVEYED every 30 years and the revenue rated INCREASED. Thus, the revenue settle nent where unlike demand was no longer permanent. |
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| 1537. |
Examine various events that led to the partition of British India. |
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Answer» Solution :(i)Separate electorates for Muslims given by the British in 1909. Encouragement to formation of MUSLIM League and Government of India ACT 1919 expanded communal electorates. (ii) Communal DEVELOPMENT from the 1920s. Tabligh and Shuddhi movements caused conflicts, like the cow protection movement, and music before mosque. (iii) In 1940 in the Lahore session , the Muslim League placed their demand for autonomous province with Muslim majority.The 1937 elections and results for the subsequent refusal of Congress to form a coalition government with Muslims League and Jinnah.s two-nation theory. (iv) Indian National Congress began the Quit India Movement but he Muslim League did not support it. Jinnah and Muslims League emerges as representatives of the Muslim community. (v) The proposal of the Cabinet Missions was FIRST accepted by the Muslim League and Congress but soon the Muslim League rejected it and refused to take part in the interim Government. (vi) Muslim population of muslim majority regions of Northwest and Eastern India supported partitions. (vii) The Muslim League organised the Direct Action-Day Communal riots broke out in 1946. (VIII) Mountbatten Plan endorsed a separate nation for Muslim and partitioned India. |
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| 1538. |
Explain the three explanations given by the authors for Draupadi's marriage. Why do you think the authors offered three explanations for a single episode? |
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Answer» Solution :Three explanations given by the authors for Draupadi.s marriage are: (i) Drupada, the king of Panchala ORGANISED a COMPETITION where the challenge was to string a bow and hit a target. The winner would be chosen to marry his daughter Draupadi. ARJUN was victorious and garlanded by Draupadi. (ii) The Pandavas alongwith Draupadi returned to their mother Kunti. Kunti without SEEING them to share whatever they had got. She realized her mistake only after seeing Draupadi, but no one could disobey her command and Yudhisthira decided that Draupadi would be their common wife. (iii) Drupada protested when he was told about this. The seer-Vyasa arrived and told him that the Pandavas were in reality the incarnation of Indra, whose wife had been reborn as Draupadi and they were thus destined for each other. (iv) Vyasa also added that in another instance a young woman had prayed to Shiva for a husband and in her enthusiasm had prayed five times instead of one. The woman was reborn as Draupadi and Shiva had fulfilled her prayer.s convinced by these stories, Drupada consented to the marriage. Explanations for the single episode The author.s offered three explanations for single episode: (i) To show that the marriage of Draupadi with Pandavas was justified. (ii) That the command of the mother i.e., Kunti could not be violated THOUGH she had given the command even before she saw the reality. (iii) The position of seer.s like Vyasa was of utmost importance and his words were beyond any doubt. |
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| 1539. |
Why was the Cripps Mission sent to India? Why did it fail? |
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Answer» Solution :(a) (i)The Cripps Mission was sent to INDIA under the leadership of Sir STAFFORD Cripps because JAPAN had joined the war against Britians in 1942. (ii) As a result of this, to win over the Indian leadership and GET the active cooperation in war EFFORTS, it was sent by British governments. (b) It failed because (i)It failed to give any assurance for theformation of a national government during the war. (ii) It did not give any assurance on the questions of granting independence to India after war. |
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| 1540. |
What changes took place in the pre colonial India in the eighteenth century? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) All this started CHANGING in the eighteenth century. With political and commercial realignments, old towns went into decline and new towns developed. The gradual erosion of Mughal power led to the demise of towns associated with their rule. (ii) The Mughal CAPITALS-Delhi and Agra, lost their political authority. The growth of new regional powers was reflected in the increasing importance of regional capitals -Lucknow, Hyderabad, Seringapatam, Poona (present-day Pune), Nagpur, Baroda (present day Vadodara) and Tanjore (present-day Thanjavur). (iii) Traders, administrators, artisans and OTHERS migrated from the old Mughal centres to these new capitals in search of work and patronage. Continuous warfare between the new kingdoms meant that mercenaries too found read) employment there. (iv) Some local notables and officials associated with Mughal rule in North India also used this opportunity to create new urban settlements such as the qasbah and ganj. However, the effects of political decentralisation were uneven. (v) In some places there was renewed economic activity, in other places WAR, plunder and political uncertainty led to economic decline. Changes in the NETWORKS of trade were reflected in the history of urban centres. The European Commercial Companies had set up base in different places. (vi) During the Mughal era, the Portuguese in Panaji in 1510, the Dutch in Masulipatnam in 1605, the British in Madras in 1639 and the French in Pondicherry (present-day Puducherry) in 1673. (vii) With the expansion of commercial activity, towns grew around these trading centres. By the end of the eighteenth century, the land-based empires in Asia were replaced by the powerful sea-based European empires. (viii) Forces of international trade, mercantilism and capitalism now came to define the nature of society. |
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| 1541. |
Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow: The Child Sati This is perhaps one of the most poignant desciptions by Beznier At Lahore, I saw a most beautiful young widow sacrificed, who could not, I think, have been more than twelve years of age. The poor little creature appeared more dead than alive when she approached the dreadful pit: the agony of her mind cannot be described, she trembled and wept bitterly, but three or four of the Brahmans, assisted by an old woman who held her under the arm, forced the unwilling victm toward the fatal spot, seated her on the wood, tied her hands and fect, lest she should run away, and in that situation the innocent creature was burnt alive. I found it difficult to repress my feelings and to prevent their bursting forth into clamorous and unavailing rage. Compare the condition of the women of the era mentioned above to that of today |
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Answer» Solution : COMPARISON of condition of women: (i) In medieval era women had no RIGHTS but today sati, slavery has been prohibited. (II) Today's women are well educated and assertive. (iii) In this era there is women EMPOWERMENT. (iv) She has social, economic and political rights. |
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| 1542. |
Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow: The Child Sati This is perhaps one of the most poignant desciptions by Beznier At Lahore, I saw a most beautiful young widow sacrificed, who could not, I think, have been more than twelve years of age. The poor little creature appeared more dead than alive when she approached the dreadful pit: the agony of her mind cannot be described, she trembled and wept bitterly, but three or four of the Brahmans, assisted by an old woman who held her under the arm, forced the unwilling victm toward the fatal spot, seated her on the wood, tied her hands and fect, lest she should run away, and in that situation the innocent creature was burnt alive. I found it difficult to repress my feelings and to prevent their bursting forth into clamorous and unavailing rage. What rale did the Indian patriarchal society play towards this social evil ? |
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Answer» Solution : Indian PATRIARCHAL society: (i) It was a male dominated society where women had no rights, were ill treated, discriminated and confined to the HOUSE. (II) Social inequalities were prominent and thus led to these social EVILS. |
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| 1543. |
Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow: The Child Sati This is perhaps one of the most poignant desciptions by Beznier At Lahore, I saw a most beautiful young widow sacrificed, who could not, I think, have been more than twelve years of age. The poor little creature appeared more dead than alive when she approached the dreadful pit: the agony of her mind cannot be described, she trembled and wept bitterly, but three or four of the Brahmans, assisted by an old woman who held her under the arm, forced the unwilling victm toward the fatal spot, seated her on the wood, tied her hands and fect, lest she should run away, and in that situation the innocent creature was burnt alive. I found it difficult to repress my feelings and to prevent their bursting forth into clamorous and unavailing rage. Why did Bernier consider this treatment as a crucial marker of the difference between western and eastern societies? |
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Answer» Solution : BERNIER considered this treatment as a crucial marker of difference between western and eastern society because In the western seeieties wemen took part in administration but in the eastern societies women were EXPLOITED badly. (ii) Women enjoyed rights in the western society while no nghts were given to them in the eastern society. (III) Women received EDUCATION in the west but in the eastern society theree was no education and many social evils like sati, purdah system and CHILD marriages existed. (iv) Eastern societics were male dominated unlike the western. |
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| 1544. |
Which one of the following statements about the Olympde Gouuges (1748-1793) is correct ? |
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Answer» She declared that ALTHOUGH citizens should have equal rights, they are not entitled to the same honours by the state |
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| 1545. |
Examine the role of Panchayat as the main constituent of the Mughal village community. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Structure: The village panchayats were an assembly of elders. However, in mixed-caste villages the panchayats were usually a heterogeneous body. The panchayats were headed by a headman known as muqaddam or mandal. IHeadmen used to hold their respective offices as long as they ENJOYED the confidence of the village eleders, FAILING which they could be dismissed by the village main function of the headman was to supervise the preparation of village accounts, assisted by the parwari of the panchayat. (II) Collection of funds : The panchayat derived its funds from contributions clders. The made by individuals to a common financial pool. These funds were uscd for meeting the costs of entertaining revenue officials who visited the village from time to time. Expenses for community welfare activitics such as tiding over natural calamities were also met from these funds. The funds were also deployed in CONSTRUCTION of a bund or digginga canal. (iii) Regarding caste BOUNDARIES : One of the most important function of the panchayat was to ensure that caste boundaries communitie samong the vatious inhabiting the village were upheld. In eastern India all martiages were held in the presence of the mandal. The duty of the village headman was to oversee the conduct ofmembers of the village community so as to prevent any offence against their caste. (iv) Authority to levy fines: The Panchayats had the authority to levy fines and inflict more serious forms of punishment like expulsion from the community These meant that the person was forced to leave the village and become an out caste and he lost the right to practise his profession. Such a measure was taken as a violation .of.caste norms |
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| 1546. |
How was the Constituent Assembly constituted? Did it represent the whole nation? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Constituent Assembly was made of the elected representatives of the election that took place in 1946. It included members not just from British India but also from princely states. (ii) It included the popular leaders of the country like Jawahar Lal Nehru, Dr Rajendra Prasad, Maulana Abul Kalam AZAD, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, all members of the Indian NATIONAL Congress. (iii) It also included members from other political parties like BR Ambedkar, Dr Shayama Prasad Mukherji, Frank Anthony. It also included WOMEN members like Sarojini Naidu and Vijaylakshmi Pandit. (iv) However, the Muslim LEAGUE after initially joining it, boycotted it. The Constituent Assembly tended to be full of Congress leaders. More than 82 percent of the members of the Constituent Assembly were Congressmen. (V) Thus, the Constituent Assembly had all India participation, it was mainly made of Congress politicians. |
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| 1547. |
"Akbar consciously made Persian the leading language of the Mughal Court." Justify the statement with the efforts made by him. |
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Answer» Solution :The Mughal had cultural and intellectual CONTACTS with Iran. Persian was used in the Court of Iran. The Iranians and Central Asian MIGRANTS sought positions in the Mughal Courts Persian was elevated to a language of empire, conferring power and prestige on those who had a command of it. It was spoken by the king, the royal household and the elite at court. (ii) It became the language of administration at Hevelsse thet-neeountants, clerks and other functionaries also learnt it. (iii) Even when Persian was not directly used, its vocabulary and idiom heavily influenced the language of official records in Rajasthani and Marathi and even Tamil urdu sprang from Persian and Persian too became Indianised by ABSORBING local idioms. (iv) Mughal chronicles such as the 'Akbar Nama' were written in Persian, others, like Babur's memoirswere translated from the Turkish into the Persian 'Babur Nama'. Translations of Sanskrit texts such as the Mahabharata and the Ramayana into Persian were commissioned by the Mughal EMPERORS. |
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| 1548. |
What do you mean by inscription? Why are they important? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Inscriptions are writing engraved on hard surfaces such as stones, metal, or pottery. (ii) Inscriptions record the achievements, ACTIVITIES or IDEAS of those who commissioned them include the exploitations of king or donationmade by MEN woman to thereligious INSTITUTIONS. |
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| 1549. |
What information do we get from the Mughal chronicle? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :(i) They PROVIDE us INFORMATION about the ACHIEVEMENT of Mughal emperors. (ii) They provide us information about the institution of the Mughal period. | |
| 1550. |
Mention the problems faced by the poor migrants in cities. |
| Answer» Solution :(i) Jobs were uncertain. (ii) Food was EXPENSIVE. (III) PLACES of STAY were difficult to afford. (iv) Life in the city was struggle-constant STATE of flux. | |