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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1401. |
Discuss the extent to which Bernier's accounts enables historians to reconstruct CUtemporary rural society. |
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Answer» Solution :Bernier.s assessnment about Indian rural society was not correct. It was far away from the truth, but it is not acceptable. There are some truth in his description which are evident from the following FACTS: (i) According to his aceount, Mughal empire was the owner of the land and distributed among its nobles. It had a disastrous irapact on the society. (ii) According to him the system of .erown ownership of land. was good. It was because, the land holders could not pass on their land to their children. They did not make any LONG term investment on the land. (iii) As there was no private property in land, there was not any improvement in the landlord class. This system ruin agriculture and led to opinion of peasants. Bernier.s view regarding Indian society had the following features: (i) The rich people were in MINORITY. (ii) It had the poorest of the poor and the richest of the rich, no middle class existed there. (iii) All the cities and TOWNS were ruined and had contaminated air. |
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| 1402. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: What" recovering" women meant Here is the experience of a couple,reconted by Prakash Tandon in his Punjabi Century an autobiographical social history of colonial Punjab: In one instance ,a Sikh youth who had run amuck during the Partition persuaded a massacring crowld ot let him take away a young beautiful Muslim girl. They got married,and slowly fell in love with each other , Gradually, memories of her parents, who had been killed and her former life faded. They were happy together,and a little body was born. Soon however, social workers and the police, labouring assiduously to recover abducted women began to track down the couple. They made inquiries in the Sikh's home-district of Jalandhar he got scent of it and the family ran awayto Calcuta. The social workers reached Calcutta Meanwhile ,the couple's friends tried to obtain a stay-order from the court but the law was taking its ponderous course From Calcutta the couple escaped to some obscure Punjab village hoping that the police would fail to shadow them. But the police caught up with them and began to question them. His wife was expecting again and now nearing her time. The Sikh sent the and now nearing her time. The Sikh sent the little boy to his mother and took his wife to a sugarcane field.He made her as comfortable as he could in a pit while he lay with a gun, waiting for the police determined not to lose her while he was alive. In the pit he delivered her with his own hands. The next day she ran high fever. and in three days she was dead. He had not dared to take her to the hospital. He was so afraid the social workers and the polices would take her away. Why was their family life in the verge of destruction? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Their family was on the verge of destruction, when social activists and policemen wanted to SEND the MUSLIM girl to PAKISTAN. | |
| 1403. |
What do you know about Kamalapuram tank ? |
Answer» SOLUTION :Kamalapuram tank is in VIJAYANAGARA. This water reservoir was BUILT in the `15th` century. Water from this tank did not only irrigate the fields but also was conducted through a channel to the Royal centre. 
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| 1404. |
Asses the role played by women of the imperial household in the Mughal Empire. |
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Answer» Solution :(i)The term "harem" is used to describe the domestic world of the Mughals. This word is taken from the Persian word haram, which means a sacred place. (ii) The Mughal household CONSISTED of the emperor.s wives and concubines, his near and distant relatives (mother, step- and foster-mothers, sisters, daughters, daughters-in-law, aunts, children, etc.), and female servants and slaves. (iii) Polygamy was practised widely in the Indian subcontinent, especially among the ruling groups. Both for the Rajput clans as well as the Mughals, marriage was a way of cementing political relationships and forging alliances. (iv) The gift of territory was often accompanied by the gift of a daughter in marriage. This ensured a continuing hierarchical relationship between ruling groups. It was through the link of marriage and the relationships that developed as a result that the Mughals were able to form a vast kinship network. (v) In the Mughal household a distinction was maintained between wives who came from royal families (begums), and other wives (aghas) who were not of noble birth. (vi) The begums married after receiving huge AMOUNTS of cash and valuables as dower (mahr), •• naturally received a higher status and greater attention from their husbands than did aghas. The concubines (aghacha or the lesser agha) occupied the lowest position in the hierarchy of females intimately related to royalty. (vii) The agha and the aghacha could rise to the position of a BEGUM DEPENDING on the husband.s will, and provided that he did not already have four wives. (viii) Love and motherhood played important roles in elevating such women to the status of legally wedded wives. Apart from wives, numerous male and female slaves populated the Mughal household. (xi) Slave eunuchs (khwajasara) moved between the external and internal life of the household as guards, servants, and also as agents for women dabbling in commerce. |
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| 1405. |
The Lingayats disapproved certain practices of the Dharmashastras. Cite any two such practices |
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Answer» Solution : Lingayats and Dharmashastra: (i) They worship SHIVA in his manifestation as a linga. They do not practice funerary rinuals such as cremation, PRESCRIBED in the Dharmashastra. Instead, they bury their dead bodies. (ii) The Lingayats challenged the idea of caste and pollution' attributed to certain groups by Brahmans. (III) They questioned the theory of rebirth. (iv) They encouraged practices ag, post puberty marriage, widow remarriage which were not approved in the Dharmashastra. |
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| 1406. |
What are the main sources for reconstruction of the history of Vijayanagara empire ? |
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Answer» Solution :The sources for reconstruction of the history of Vijayanagara are as follow : (i) Archaeological FINDS, (ii) Inscription, (iii) Records, (iv) Accounts of foreign travellers, (v) Literature written in TELUGU, Kannada, Tamil and SANSKRIT. |
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| 1407. |
Explain the reasons for the growth of communalism in the 1930's and 1940. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Tension between Hindus and Muslims developed around a number of issues in the early 1930.s Muslims were ANGERED by .music before mosque. The Shuddhi movement and the cow protection movement was started by the Arya Samaj-Hindus were antagonised by the rapid spread of Tabligh and Tanzim movement. (ii) Hindu Mahasabha and Musim League which had performed badly in the ELECTION 1937. They realised that unless they brougth the masses. they would lose. out CONGRESS started to contact the Muslims masses to keep away from the Muslim League. The League adopted a new line of politics-politicisation of Musim masses. (iii) British played the communal card. As Congress ministers resigned ,the British sought to weaken the national movement by recognising the Muslim League as the sole spokesperson of the Muslim, giving them power to veto any political SETTLEMENT. (iv) Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha raised the cry of their respective religions being in danger. Jinnah.s call for Direct Action Day on 16 Aug 1946 provoked massive communal riots. Started from Calcutta touching Bombay to NOAKHALI in East Bengal,Bihar and Punjab from March 1947 onwards. |
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| 1408. |
"The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind". Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel said It is no use saying that we ask for separate clectorates, because it is good for us. We have heard it long enough. We have heard it for years, and as a reSalt of this agitation we are now a separare nation you show me one tree country where there are separate electorates? If so, I shall be prepared to accept it. But in this unfortunate country if this separate electorcate is going to be persisted in, even after the division of the country, woe betide the country, it is not worth living in. Therefore, I say, it is not for my good alone, it is for your own good that I say it, forget the past. One day, we may be united The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind. We do not want to perpetuate tht mischief. (Hear, hear). When the British this element they had not expected that they will have to go so soon. They wanted it for their easy administration. That is all right. But they have left the legacy behind. Are we to get out of it or not? In what ways did Sardar Patel explain that "The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind" ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The IDEA of SEPARATE state was a political. (ii) The British wanted to have a fractured country for their easy ADMINISTRATION (iii) Their nefarious designs forced Patel to say that, The British element is GONE but they have left the mischief behind." |
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| 1409. |
"The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind". Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel said It is no use saying that we ask for separate clectorates, because it is good for us. We have heard it long enough. We have heard it for years, and as a reSalt of this agitation we are now a separare nation you show me one tree country where there are separate electorates? If so, I shall be prepared to accept it. But in this unfortunate country if this separate electorcate is going to be persisted in, even after the division of the country, woe betide the country, it is not worth living in. Therefore, I say, it is not for my good alone, it is for your own good that I say it, forget the past. One day, we may be united The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind. We do not want to perpetuate tht mischief. (Hear, hear). When the British this element they had not expected that they will have to go so soon. They wanted it for their easy administration. That is all right. But they have left the legacy behind. Are we to get out of it or not? Mention the reasons behind Sardar Patel urging the assembly members to get rid of separate electorate. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Patel opined that there was not ONE free country where there was separate electorate. (ii) For the good of the country we must BURRY the IDEA of separate clectorate once for all. |
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| 1410. |
Describe the political institutions of colonial rule that helped develop an agreement over the institutions to design of constitution. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The political institution of colonial rule were not fully democratic. But the experience of legislative institutions proved to be very helpful for the nation in framing its own institution and working on them. (ii) The British rule had given VOTING right only to a few. (iii) Elections were HELD in 1937 to provincial legislatures and MINISTERS all over the BRITSH India. (iv) The Indian constitution adopted many institutional detail and procedure from colonial provision like Government of India ACT, 1935. (v) There had been a year of thinking and deliberation on the framework of the constitution. |
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| 1411. |
"The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind". Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel said It is no use saying that we ask for separate clectorates, because it is good for us. We have heard it long enough. We have heard it for years, and as a reSalt of this agitation we are now a separare nation you show me one tree country where there are separate electorates? If so, I shall be prepared to accept it. But in this unfortunate country if this separate electorcate is going to be persisted in, even after the division of the country, woe betide the country, it is not worth living in. Therefore, I say, it is not for my good alone, it is for your own good that I say it, forget the past. One day, we may be united The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind. We do not want to perpetuate tht mischief. (Hear, hear). When the British this element they had not expected that they will have to go so soon. They wanted it for their easy administration. That is all right. But they have left the legacy behind. Are we to get out of it or not? Explain Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel's views on the issue of separate electorate |
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Answer» Solution : (i) Patel CONDEMNED the SEPARATE electoral system outrightly. (ii) This was an unfortunate system which was introduced by the British as they always WANTED to follow the POLICY of divide and rule." |
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| 1412. |
In which way the people get the information about the Indus Valley civilisation? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :We get valuable information about the Harappan culture/civilisation with the help of different sources. They are as follow: (i) About 2000 seals are FOUND and of these a great majority CARRY SHORT inspirations with pictures of the one-horned bull, the buffalo, the tiger and the elephant (art of curving). (ii) Different type of buildings, roads, street, bath, etc. excavated at Harappa, Mohenjodaro and other sites spark a light on Harappan culture/civilisation. (iii) The ruins give an idea of city dwelling with good planning and other civic sense clearly. (iv) Different specimens of art such as sculpture (a red sandstone male torso). The art of POTTERY (consisted of wheel-made wares, heavy and utilitarian), etc. |
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| 1413. |
The themes of murals of the Ajanta caves are Decorative designs which include a variety ofanimals, trees and flowers. portaits of various Buddhas and Bodhiysattvas. Narrative scenes portrayingjataka stories.Select the correct answer using the code given below: |
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Answer» 1,2 and 3 |
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| 1414. |
How the people of the Mohenjodaro were concerned about their privacy? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The MAIN entrance of the houses were made in unique STYLE. (ii) It did not give a direct view of the INTERIOR of the house. (iii) There were no windows in the walls along the ground level. |
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| 1415. |
Write any two causes for the formation of Muslim League. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Two causes responsible for the formation of Muslim League were: (i) BRITISH policy of Divide and RULE. PART played by SIR Sayyed Ahmed Khan. |
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| 1416. |
Why was the colonial government mapping of Indian cities from the early years ? Give any two reasons |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The colonial government FELT that maps were essential to understand the landscape and know the topography. (iii) This KNOWLEDGE of mapping would ALLOW better control over the region. The maps provided various mportant INFORMATION. |
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| 1417. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: The accessible emperor In the account of his experiences Monserrate, who was a member of the first jesuit mission, says: It is hard to exaggerate how accessible he (Akbar) makes himself to all who wish audience of him. For he creates an opportunity almost every day for any of the common people or of the nobles to see him and to converse with him, and he endeavours to show himself pleasant-spoken and affiable rather than severe towards all who come to peak with him. It is very remarkable how great an effect this countesy and affability has in attaching him to the minds of his subjects.(i) What do you know about jesuit Monserrate? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) He was a religious PREACHER who CAME from EUROPE in the 16th CENTURY to visit the court of MUGHAL Emperor, Akbar. | |
| 1418. |
Why was British India partitioned? |
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Answer» Solution :SEVERAL factors can be attributed for the partition of British India. Some of them are given below: (a) Role of Communal Parties and Organisations: (i) Several historians and scholars think that the main purpose of the foundation of the muslim League was to serve the interests of the Muslims. The Muslims League was demanding more and more political rights for the Muslims. In retaliation of this,some of the Hindus took steps and established the Hindu Mahasabha in the year 1915. (ii) The Hindu Mahasabha also demanded more politicalrights andrepresentation of the Hindus in the different goverment organizations.Following in the FOOTSTEPS, the Sikh League was founded .Akali Dal also put FORWARD demand for their people. (iii) Directly or indirectly, these political parties helped separation They created feeling of sepration and isolation among different communties. (b) British Policy : (i) In India of British Followed the policy of Divided and Rule. In India,before the arrival of the British, the Hindus and the Muslims lived happily , There was unity, mutual cooperation and brotherhood among them. (ii)British did not like this. They sowed the seeds of dissention and followed the policy of Divided and Rule. Most of the historians believe that this policy of Divided and Rule was the main reason of the partition. (iii) The British historians , journalists and writers propagated through their writings that Muslim invaders made the Hindus enslaved and theyhad been exploitedfor centuries. (c)Role of British Govvernment: (i) The British Government also encouraged partition. The British Government encouraged the muslim League to demand a separate state. (ii) They tried to disrupt the movement of independence by playing the game of imperialism (d) Role of Leaders: (i)Role of leaders was also responsible for the partition. Under the leadership of Jinnah, the Muslim League moved a resolution at LAHORE demanding a measure of autonomyfor the Muslim majorityareas and after that a new pation called Pakistan. (ii)The great poet MOHAMMAD Iqbal also spoke about the need for a Muslim state in north west India as early as in 1930. |
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| 1419. |
The notion of saptanga that was introduced in Arthashastra incluedes |
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Answer» Kings, territory, administration and TREASURY |
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| 1420. |
Who was Abul Fazl ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) ABUL FAZL was the WRITER of Ain-i-Akbari (ii)He was a famous Persian author. (iii) He was one of the GEMS of Akbar.s court. |
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| 1421. |
One important pillar of administration was the nobility." Justify. |
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Answer» Solution : One of the most important PILLAR of the Mughal state was its corps of officers, also referred to by historians collectively as the nobility. The nobility was recruited from DIVERSE ethnic and religious groups, which ensured that no faction was large enough to challenge the AUTHORITY of the state. This corps of the Mughals bouquet of flowers held together by loyalty to the emperor. Turani and Iranian nobles were the earliest in Akbar's imperial service. Many had accompanied Humayun and others migrated later to the Mughal Court . From 1560 onwards, two ruling groups of Indian origin entered the imperial service, the Rajputs and the Indian Muslims. The first to join was a Rajput chief, Raja Bahrmal Kachhwaha of Amber, to WHOSE daughter Akbar got marricd. Iranians joined high offices under Jahangir politically influential queen Nar Jahan was an Iranian. Aurangzeb appointed Rajputs to high positions and under him the Marathas accounted for a sizeable number within the body of officers. All holders of the government offices held ranks or mansabs having designation of Zat, it was the indication of position in the imperial hierarchy and the SALARY of thre Mansabdar, and thre second one wasof Sawar indicating the number of horsemen he was required to maintain in service. The nobles participated in military campaigns and also served as officers of the empire in provinces. |
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| 1422. |
Describe in brief the sources used forreconstructing the history of Gupta rulers. |
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Answer» Solution :Hhistories fo the Gupta rulers have been reconstructed from literature, coins and inscription, including prashastis, composed in praise of KINGS in particular and patrons in general by POETS. (ii) Historians often attempt to draw factualinformation fromsuch compositions, those who composed and read them often treasured them as works of poetry than as ACCOUNTS that were literally true . (iii) The prayaga prashasti (also known as the ALLAHABAD Pillar Inscription) composed in Sanskrit by Harisena, the court poet ofSamudragupta, arguably the most powerful of the Gupta rulers (fouth century CE ) ,is a case in point . (iv) It refers to Samudragupta.s conquests, quantities needed in rulers, and how the rule of the king was equal to gods like Kuber, Indira, varun and Yama dwelling on EARTH . It suggests the ruler was a versatile genius. |
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| 1423. |
Mention significant changes that marked empires in the 18th century Asia |
| Answer» Solution : (i) The important changes that marked EMPIRES in the 18th century Asia was the land BASED empires which were DISMISSED by the sea based EUROPEAN empires. (II) Forces of international trade, merchantalism and capitalism came to define the nature of society. | |
| 1424. |
On the given political outline map of India mark and name the following: (a) Kuru (b) Rajgir (c) Magadha (d) Avanti (e) Ujjain |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 1425. |
Identify any two occupations to be performed by Kshatriyas as per Varna Order |
| Answer» Solution : The two OCCUPATIONS to be performe by the Kshatriyas were to ENGAGE in warfate, protect PEOPLE and administer JUSTICE, | |
| 1426. |
How did women experience Partition? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) For women , PARTITION was horrible.Women were raped ,abducted and many TIMES forced to live with strangers and start a new life. (ii)They were DEEPLY traumatised and began to devlop new family bonds in the changed circumstances. (iii) Women became victims on both the SIDES of the order. They were forced to live in strange circumstances. (iv) But the government officials of both the countries did not take any serious step to consult those women. Women were left to their FATE. (v) They were even murdered by their own family members. When the men realized that the women of their family would fall into the hands of the enemy. (vi) They village, ninety women with their own hands. To escape from the hands of enemy in a Sikh village , ninety women were said to have voluntarily jumped into a well.Sikh village ,ninety women were said to have voluntarily jumped into a well. |
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| 1427. |
What do private letters and autobiographies tell us about an individual? How are these sources different from official accounts? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(a) Private letters and autobiographies are important source of individual.s life and views Many of our freedom struggle leaders wrote autobiographies and letters and today they are our great record about them and history too. The autobiographies and letters tell us the following things about an individual. (i) Autobiographies and letters throw light on the interests of an individual. Let us take an example, Nehru wrote letters to his daughter Indira DESCRIBING the events of world history, today it is known as the book, "Glimpses of the World History". (ii) These letters show that Nehru had great interest in history. These letters show also the views of the author. For example, Nehru talks highly of the socialist government of USSR in his autobiography. (iii) These autobiographies and letters are a good source of information of the social life of those days in India. Dr Rajendra Prasad has given vivid description of the village life that he saw as a child in his village. (IV) Above all these autobiographies and letters are great source of history too. Nehru in his autobiography has explained in details about the OBSTINATE approach of Muslim League towards solving the minority problem in India. (b) These sources were different from the official accounts. This is manifested in the following points: (i) The official accounts are done by individuals but they work under the guidelines of the government. Thus, views that run against the government remain stifled. In addition, the author would not have the freedom of focused area. He would be required to write only on topics already defined. (ii) However, in autobiographies and letters one can CHOOSE anything of personal interest. Dr Rajendra Prasad gives a vivid description of his school and college days in his auto biography. This is not possible in any government account. (iii) The autographic letters throw light on the personal life of individual leaders and show these events shaped the thought process of these leaders in future life. (iv) Mahatma Gandhi described how he was thrown out of the first class compartment of the train in South Africa because he was not a white man. He describes the struggle inside on how to protest and later how he took to non-violent means of protest. |
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| 1428. |
What does the third part of the Ain,'Mulk Abadi' deal with ? |
| Answer» Solution :The THIRD PARTOF the Ain, .Mulk Abadi. gives us a valuable information aboutfiscal aspects and revenuerates of centreand states. It alsoportrayed a very detailedand interestingpicture of agrarian SOCIETY of the north INDIA | |
| 1429. |
Consider the following statements The Buddhists in Deccan excavate and jainas imitated these in later centuries. The vaishnavas, Shaivas and jainas excavated temple at sites far distantfrom rock-cut Chaityas. Which of the statements given above is//are correct? |
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Answer» 1only |
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| 1430. |
State the inherent problems faced by Al-Baruni in the task of understanding Indianı Social and Brahamanical practices. Mention any two sources that provided in the support. |
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Answer» Solution : TWO inherent problems that were faced by Al-Baruni were: (i) Language : Al-Baruni was familiat only with Arabic and Persian and could not understand Sanskrit Language. (ii) Difference in religious beliefs and PRACTICES Two SOURES that provided him the support were: (i) Vedas and Puranas. (ii) The BHAGWAD GEETA and Manusmriti. |
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| 1431. |
What was the more complex social reality which Bernier's noticed in the Mughal empire? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Bernier noticed that ARTISANS were not motivated to improve the quality of their manufacturesasprofitswereappropriatedby the state. Production was on the VERGE of decline. (ii) Bernier CONCEDED that big quantities of the world.s precious metals (GOLD and silver) FLOWED into India in exporting manufactures. |
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| 1432. |
Discuss the development of aggressive nationalism among Muslims. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) In 1857, the British rule in India was shaken by the mass uprising in which Muslim and Hindus participated hand in hand . However, from 1870 onwards, the Muslim leaders began to think that after the British leaving India,Muslim would be reduced to inferior STATUS. (ii) They claimed that democracy in India will be the rule of Hindus. The most prominent among such leaders was SIR Syed Ahmed Khan, founder of Aligarh Muslim University. (iii)This led to the growth of Muslim nationalism on communal lines. Muslim League was formed in 1906. (iv)It claimed to be sole CUSTODIAN of the Muslim interest and their representative. (v) They STARTED demanding separate electorates. Finally, it ended in demand for a separate nation called Pakistan. (vi)British Government also followed the policy of divide and rule. (VII ) As a result of which Muslim League was strengthened and India had to be divided finally . |
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| 1433. |
A careful study of census reveals some fascinating trends of urbanisation in 19th century. Support the statement with facts. |
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Answer» Solution : PATTERNS: (i) Smaller towns had little opportunity to grow economically, colonial cities like - Bombay. Madras and CALCUTTA grew rapidly as new commercial and administrative centres at the expense of other existing centres. (ii) When England underwent industrial revolution colonial cities which earlier functioned as collection depots for export of Indian manufactures such as COTTON textiles, became entry points of British manufactured GOODS, and points of export of raw materials as cotton. (iii) Reversal in pattern of trade led to sharp differentiation in economic activities of these colonial cities. With the coming of new mode of transport - the railways in 1853, economic activity was shifted from traditional towns located on old rates and navigable rivers to railway towns. Mirzapur on the Ganges that was a collection point for cotton goods from the Deccan lost out when railway link was MADE to Bombay. (iv) The expansion of railway network, workshops and railway colonies were established. Railway towns as - Jamalpur, Waltair and Bareilly developed. Whether the census data being invaluable source in the study of urbanisation it is not without limitations and historians have cautioned the data is not free from biases. |
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| 1434. |
Highlight any four aspects observed by Abdur Razzak on the fortification of Vijayanagara empire. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) No mortar or cement agent was used when it was constructed. (ii) WEDGE - shaped stone BLOCKS were used in construction. He was impressed by the fortification and mentioned SEVEN lines of FORTS. (iii) The inner portion of the wall was of earth, packed with rubble. (iv) It enclosed the agricultural tracks. He NOTED that between the first, second and third wall there were cultivated fields, garden and houses. |
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| 1435. |
Did Indian government solve the problem of refugees? Explain in short. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Indian government solved the problem of refugees efficiently. The Relief camps were opened to PROVIDE food and shelter to the displaced people. (ii) These were followed by a planned PROGRAMME of rehabilitation. (III) A ministry of rehabilitation was created to look into the problems of refugees. Assistance was given to them by way of HOUSING, vocational training, education andloans to set up theirbusiness and industries. (iv) Withthe help of these measures theproblems of rehabilitation were soon resolved. |
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| 1436. |
What did the Urdu poet Muhammad Iqbal mean by" North West Indian Muslim State" |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) In 1930. addressing the session of Muslim League. MUHAMMAD IQBAL said that there was a need for a Muslim state in north WEST area of India. (ii)It is NOTABLE Iqbal did not visualise a separate nation for muslims but an autonomous province for muslims in the large federation called India. |
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| 1437. |
Why was the colonial government keen on mapping from early years? Mention any two reasons. |
| Answer» Solution : (i) Mapping was essential to explore in detail the LOCATION of a PLACE. (ii) MAPS were required to solve the purpose to plan URBAN development for growing population. | |
| 1438. |
Mention any two features of the administration system of the Mauryan Empire. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :The Mauryan Empire had five MAJOR political centres. The CAPITAL PATALIPUTRA and the provincial centres of Taxila, Uijayaini, Tosali and Suvarnagiri. (ii) The adminstrative 'control was very strong in regions around the capital and the provincial centres. |
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| 1439. |
Explain the findings of the archaeologist B.B. Lal in excavations at the village named Hastinapur. |
| Answer» Solution :B.B. Lal has given a description about the houses in the second phase. He noted that WITHIN the limited area excavated, no definite plans of houses were OBTAINED, but walls of mud and mud bricks were duly encountered. The discovery of mud plaster with PROMINENT reed MARKS suggested that some of the houses had reed walls plastered over with mud. | |
| 1440. |
Name the two sources through which we come to know about Buddha and his teachings. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) BUDDHIST texts-tipitakas or THREE baskets and JATAKA stories. (II) PILLAR inscription and rock edicts. |
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| 1441. |
Mention any two methods adopted by the Harappans for increasing the agricultural production. |
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Answer» Solution :They USED following increase AGRICULTURAL production: (i) They used animal POWER such as OXEN to the fields. (ii) They used IRRIGATION such as canals to water the fields. |
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| 1442. |
What is the meaning of the term 'Toman' ? |
| Answer» Solution :The term Tomanrefers toaunit for ARMY. Thenumber of SOLDIERS in to tomanwas TEN THOUSAND. | |
| 1443. |
Who were Nayakasand Amara- Nayakas ? Describe their role in the administration of Vijayanagara. |
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Answer» Solution :A. Nayakas and Amara Nayakas : The Nayakas were the military chieves of the Vijayanagara empire, while the Amara Nayakas were the military commanders of the Vijayanagara empire. B. Role of Nayakas : The Nayakas who were the military chiefs, exercised their power in Vijayanagara administration. (i) They generally controlled the forts and had many soldiers under them (i.e., under their control). They kept on moving from ONE place to another. The peasants who were in search of fertile land sometime took their help. (ii) They (the Nayakas) spoke TELUGU or Kannada. They had accepted the AUTHORITY of the Raya (Rulers) of Vijayanagara. Taking the advantages of the weakness of the central aministration, they rebelled. They could be suppressed only be military action. C. Role of Amara Nayakas : (iii) They were the military commanders who were given (allotted) some territories to rule by the ruler of Vijayanagara empire. They were free to carry out the administration of their state. They had right to collect land revenue from the peasants and other taxes from the craftspersons and traders living under their territory. (IV) They kept some portion of the revenue collected for their personal consumption and for the maintenance of their horses and elephants and submitted the rest to the state treasury. Through their help, the rulers of Vijayanagara had firmly established and then controlled the peninsular region. |
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| 1444. |
Compare and contrast the term Varna and Jati. |
| Answer» Solution :According to the BRAHMANICAL theory Jati like VARNA was BASED on birth. Varna: The WORD is found in the Purusha Sukta hymn of the Rigveda. The four VARNAS - Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra have been traced from the four body organs of the creator Brahman (divine order). The people of the first three Varnas were known as dvijas. Jati: Jati like Varna was based on birth. It emerged within the Varna system. The Brahmanical authorities encountered new people with shared occupation which did not fit into the four-fold Varna system. They classified them as Jati. The number of Varnas was fixed and no restrictions on the number of Jatis. | |
| 1445. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: Buddhism in Practice his is an excerpt from the Sutta Pitaka, and contains the advice given by the Buddha to a wealthy householder named Sigala: In five ways should a master look after his servants and employees... work according to their strength, by supplying them with food and wages, by tending them in sickness, by sharing delicacies with them and by granting leave at times.. In five ways should the clansmen look after the needs of samanas (those who have renounced the world) and Brahmanas : by affection in act and speech and mind, by keeping open house to them and supplying their worldly needs. There are similar instructions to Sigala about how to behave with his parents, teacher and by assigning them wife. Example the main aspects of Buddhist philosophy. |
| Answer» Solution : ACCORDING to the Buddhist philosophy the world is transient (annica) and constantly changing, it is also SOULLESS (anatta) as there is NOTHING permanent or eternal. Within this transient world sorrow is intrinsic to human existence. It is by following the path of moderation between severe PENANCE and self-indulgence that human beings canrise above these worldly TROUBLES. | |
| 1446. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: Buddhism in Practice his is an excerpt from the Sutta Pitaka, and contains the advice given by the Buddha to a wealthy householder named Sigala: In five ways should a master look after his servants and employees... work according to their strength, by supplying them with food and wages, by tending them in sickness, by sharing delicacies with them and by granting leave at times.. In five ways should the clansmen look after the needs of samanas (those who have renounced the world) and Brahmanas : by affection in act and speech and mind, by keeping open house to them and supplying their worldly needs. There are similar instructions to Sigala about how to behave with his parents, teacher and by assigning them wife. In what ways should a master look after his servants and employees ? |
| Answer» Solution :There are FIVE ways to look after the SERVANTS and the EMPLOYEES: assigning them ACCORDING to their strenght worksupplying them with food and WAGES, tending them in sickness, delicacies and granting leaves at times. | |
| 1447. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: Buddhism in Practice his is an excerpt from the Sutta Pitaka, and contains the advice given by the Buddha to a wealthy householder named Sigala: In five ways should a master look after his servants and employees... work according to their strength, by supplying them with food and wages, by tending them in sickness, by sharing delicacies with them and by granting leave at times.. In five ways should the clansmen look after the needs of samanas (those who have renounced the world) and Brahmanas : by affection in act and speech and mind, by keeping open house to them and supplying their worldly needs. There are similar instructions to Sigala about how to behave with his parents, teacher and by assigning them wife. In what ways should the clansmen look after the needs of samanas? |
| Answer» SOLUTION : The clansman should look after the needs of SAMANAS in the FOLLOWING WAYS : by affection in act and speech and mind, by keeping open house to them, supplying their worldly needs. | |
| 1448. |
Who introduced the objective resolution in the Constituent Assembly and when? |
| Answer» Solution : On 13 December, 1946, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru presented the objective resolution in the constituent assembly. It was a historic resolution as it AIMED at CREATING INDIA into a sovereign DEMOCRATIC republic. | |
| 1449. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow The world beyond the palace Just as the Buddha's teachings were compiled by his followers, the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples. These were often in the form of stories, appeal to ordinary people. Here is known as the Ularadlyayana Sutta, describing how queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world: If the whole world and all its treasures were yours, you would not be satisfied, nor would all this be able to save you. When you die, O king and leave all things behind, dhamma alone, and nothing else, will save you. As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world). I shall live as a nun without offspring. without desire, without the love of gain, and without hatred.. Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their Alight.. Leave your large kingdom...abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and property, then practice severe penance, being firm of energy. Describe any three principles of Jainism. |
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Answer» Solution : The three principles of Jainism are: (a) Life exists even in rocks and stones normally considered as non-living (b) The principle of non-violence is PRACTISED in extreme form in Jainism. No harm should be CAUSED to anyone including non-living (C) The cycle of birth and re-birth is SHAPED through karmone must practice ascetism and penance to free oneself from this cycle of Karma. It is possible when one renounces the world. So, one has to live in monastery to attain salvation. (d) JAIN monks and nuns have to take vows to observe the following (i) Not to kill anyone. (ii) Not to steal anything (iii) Not tell lies. (iv) Not to possess property. (v) To observe celibacy |
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| 1450. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow The world beyond the palace Just as the Buddha's teachings were compiled by his followers, the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples. These were often in the form of stories, appeal to ordinary people. Here is known as the Ularadlyayana Sutta, describing how queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world: If the whole world and all its treasures were yours, you would not be satisfied, nor would all this be able to save you. When you die, O king and leave all things behind, dhamma alone, and nothing else, will save you. As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world). I shall live as a nun without offspring. without desire, without the love of gain, and without hatred.. Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their Alight.. Leave your large kingdom...abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and property, then practice severe penance, being firm of energy. Who compiled the teachings of Buddha and Mahavira? |
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Answer» Solution :(i)Buddha's teachings were compiled by his FOLLOWERS at a council of clders of senior monks. (II) Mahavira's teachings were ALSO RECORDED compiled by his dsciple |
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