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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1301. |
Examine how the Amara-nayaka system was a political innovation of the Vijaynagar Empire? |
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Answer» Solution :The Military Commanders of the Rayas of the Vijaynagar were known as Amara-nayakas They had to do the following works: (i) Amara-nayaka system was derived from the Iqta system of the Delhi Sultanate. Amara is believed to be derived from the Sanskrit WORD Samara' MEANING battle or war. (II) They were entitled to collect taxes and other dues from the peasants, traders and craftpersons. They had to PAY tribute to the king once in a year. |
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| 1302. |
To whom the Vitthala temple is dedicated ? By whom it was constructed ? |
| Answer» Solution :The VITTHALA temple is dedicated to Lord VISHNU. It was CONSTRUCTED by KRISHNADEVA RAYA. | |
| 1303. |
Why did Abu, Fazl consider the act of painting important? How did he seek to legitimate the same? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :REFER to PAGE No. | |
| 1304. |
Ibn Battuta' visited India and many other countries . He described about the slaves. Make a project on the different aspects of slaves. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :TRY it yourself | |
| 1305. |
The treaty of Yandabo was signed in |
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Answer» 1826 |
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| 1306. |
In which languages and scripts were Ashokan script written ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Klanguage-Prakrit, Aramaic for GREEK. (ii) Script-Prakrit in BRAHMI, Greek, Aramaic and KHAROSTHI. |
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| 1307. |
Why were the Europeans-during the nineteenth century interested in the Stupas ? Give two reasons. |
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Answer» Solution :The European Interest in Stupa: Nineteenth century Europeans like the FRENCH and English sought SHAHJEHAN BEGUM's PERMISSION to rake away the eastern gateway, which was the best preserved, to be displayed in museums in France and England. Cunningham look drawings of the place deciphered the inscription and bored shafts down these domes. According to the letter WRITTEN by Cunningham, about his interest in stupas: (i) One reason was numismatics as he found several gold coins and artifacts while excavating stupas. (ii) Second reason was he wanted to trace the history of Buddhism, compare it with Brahminism and wanted to make the task of the missionaries easier. |
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| 1308. |
In what ways would the daily routine and special festivities associated with the Mughal court have conveyed a sense of the power of the emperor? |
| Answer» Solution :(i)physical arrangement of the court was the most visible and tangible sign of Diagnostic power wealth and Prestige at the court the Enterprises that accompanied with canopy will give PHYSICALLY from to the function of thesovereign as .axis Mundi..(ii) spatial proximity of the courtier to the king fixed his status in social hirarchy. social life forms of address, courtiers SPEECH, and from the solutions reflected the power of the emperor.(iii) jharokha Darshan introduced by Akbar with the objective of boarding the acceptance of Imperialauthority and Diwan I am the public audience hall and diwan-i-khas whereemperor HELD private audiences reinforced the sense of power of the emperor.(IV) once the emperor set on the cron no one waspermitted to move from his post session of leave without permission.(v). Abul fazl described that whenever Akbar Hind Court beating of a large TRUMP accompanied by divine fresh announce the holding of court all these activities stabilized the authority of the Mughal kings ship as the highest station in the hierarchy of objects receiving divine light. | |
| 1309. |
Whichtwo changes were witnessed due to social factors in the life of the forest-dwellers ? |
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Answer» Solution :Two CHANGES that were witnessed due to SOCIAL FACTORS in the life of the forest dwellerswere : (i) The chief of many TRIBES becamezamindars (ii)a few chieftainshad EVEN become kings |
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| 1310. |
Why do you think women and men joined the Sangha ? |
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Answer» Solution :The important reasons why men and women joined Sanghas could be as follow : (i) Many of them wanted to renounce the worldly pleasures. (II) They could study the Buddhist literature and philosophy by staying in the company of other monks. (iii) Many people entered Sanghas to become priests and TEACHERS of Buddhism . (iv) All were considered equal and the previous SOCIAL IDENTITY was to be renounced . (v) The environment of Sanghas was democratic . The decision making within Sanghas was based on VOTING. This attracted many and they took to the life of Sanghas . |
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| 1311. |
Consider the following statementsabout Harappan culture: The harappan culture maturedin sind and punjab. it spread from there to southwards and EastwardsThe area, where it spread was, bigger than Egypt and Mesopotamia.Which of the statements given above is/are correct? |
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Answer» 1and 2 only |
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| 1312. |
“Separation between town and country was fluid”. Explain reasons. |
| Answer» Solution :(i) Peasants during their pilgrimages PASSED through towns and FLOCKED to towns during the TIME of distress. (ii) The flow of goods and human was from towns to villages. Pedler and TRADERS took goods from towns to sell in the villages. It was extension of markets and creating NEW way of consumption. | |
| 1313. |
This is what a famous historian of Indian literature, Maurice Winternitz wrote about the Mahabharata. "Just because the Mahabharata represents more of an entire literature and contains so much and so many kinds of things, (it) gives us an insight into the most profound depths of the soul of the Indian folk." Discuss. |
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Answer» Solution :Mahabharata is one of the richest texts of the subcontinent. It was composed over a PERIOD of about 1000 years beginning from 500 BCE onwards. Mahabharata.s story revolves around two warring cousins the Pandavas and Kauravas over land and power. Maurice Winternitz has aptly stated that Mahabharata "gives an insight into the most profound depths of the soul of the Indian folk." (i) The great WAR fought at Kurukshetra was to decide the right of claim but the underlying theme of the Mahabharata concerns moral duty and right conduct. (ii) The text CONTAINS sections laying down norms of behaviour for various social GROUPS. With Pandavas emerging victorious in the conflict patrilined succession which though existed prior to the composition of the epic was reinforced. (iii) Through the story of Drona, and Eklavya the dominance of the Brahmanas, idea of guru dakshina abiding by the given word, rightful occupation and norms of social hierarchy were reiterated. (iv) The story from Adi Parvan of the Mahabharata of the marriage between Bhima and Hidimba an outcaste, declaration of love by Hidimba reflect there were people who did not adhere to the Brahmanical norms. (v) This great epic contains vivid descriptions of battles, forests, palaces and settlements. It describes kinship, political life of the said period, social priority. Major features of the FAMILY life such as patriliny, different forms of marriage and rules related with marriage, position of women in the society, social differences of the Indian society can be traced back to the period of the Mahabharata. |
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| 1314. |
Why were stringent administrative measures regarding sanitation taken by the British in the "Black" areas? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) For the British, the "BLACK" areas came to symbolise not only chaos and anarchy, but also filth and diseases. For a long while the British were interested primarily in the cleanliness and hygiene of the "White" areas. (ii) But as epidemics of cholera and plague spread, killing thousands, colonial officials felt the need for more STRINGENT measures of sanitation and public health. They FEARED that disease would spread from the "Black" to the "White" areas. (iii) From the 1860s and 1870s stringent administrative measures regarding sanitation were implemented and building activity in the Indian towns was regulated. (iv) UNDERGROUND piped water supply and sewerage and drainage systems were also put in place around this time. Sanitary vigilance thus became another WAY of regulating Indian towns. | |
| 1315. |
Explain the functions of the Central Government and its chief officers under Akbar. |
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Answer» Solution :According to Mughal Chronicles, the Akbarnama had a vision of empire, as the authority rests with the emperor and the kingdom followed his order. (i) The important pillar of Mughal state was the corps of officers referred to by historians collectively as nobility. They were recruited from various ethnic groups. (ii) The central government was based on the structure of government evolved under the Delhi sultanate. MANY departments were reorganised and meticulous rules and regulations for the conduct of officials. (iii) The central machinery was organised on the basis of division of powers. The wazir continued to be the head of revenue department but not stayed as PRINCIPAL advisor to the KING longer. He was referred to as diwan-i-ala. (iv) The diwan was responsible for all income and expenditure and held control over khalisa, Jagir and Inam lands. (v) Mir Bakshi was the head of the military department and nobility. Leading grandees were appointed for this post only. He recommended or appointed to mansab, were sent to emperor. His office assigned a jagir to the appointee and prepared orders BEARING his seal and signature. (vi) Further Mr. Bakshi supervised the corps of court writers (waqia navis) and head of intelligence agencies. Each and every news reporter was appointed and posted by him over the empire. (vii) The Diwan and Mir Bakshi were at par with and supported and checked to each other. Sadar-us-sudur was minister of grants or madad-i-maash and head of judicial department was chief qazi. This post CARRIED considerable power and patronage. (viii) All three ministers Diwan-i-ala, Mir Bakshi, and Sadr-us-sudur occasionally joined the advisory body together. They were indepen-dent of each other. (ix) .Mir Saman. was an important office. He was the incharge of imperial household including supply of provisions and articles for the use of the inmates of harem. Maintenance of etiquettes at the court, court of royal bodyguard were all under the overall supervision of .Mir Saman.. |
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| 1316. |
Point out one supportive and one conservative view on the opportunities Indian women in the colonial cities. |
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Answer» Solution : (i) Conservatives, were of this opinion that the education of women WOULD turn the World upside down. They would endanger the basis of the whole social fabric (ii) After sometime, women became more visible in PUBLIC life. They BEGAN to join new professions in the CITY as DOMESTIC and factory workers, teachers and theatre and film actresses. |
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| 1317. |
How did Kushana rulers exemplify themsclves with the high status? |
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Answer» Solution :Kushana Rulers: (i) One means of CLAIMING high status was to IDENTIFY with a variety of deities. (ii) The notions of Kingship they wished to project are seen in their coins and sculptures. (iii) Colossal statues of Kushana rulers were installed in MATHURA and Afghanistan. (iv) They projected themselves GODLIKE. (v) They adopted the title of devaputra or Son of God ', |
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| 1318. |
How does partition still construct the history of India? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) It generated memories hatreds, stereotypes and identities which still continue to affect the relationship. (ii) The recounting of stories of partition violence by communal groups contribute to deepening the divide between communities. (iii)They create feelings of SUSPICION and DISTRUST and consolidate the power of stereotypes. (iv) Hartals and perceptions MANIFEST themselves in inter-community conflicts and communal clashes. The memories KEPT alive the past violence. (v) Four wars betweens India and Pakistan are a legacy of partition. The relationship between India and Pakistan are INTENSELY shaped by the legacy of partition. |
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| 1319. |
"Over the decades, new issues have asstumed importance in the archaeology of Harappa." Give two evidences to justify the statement. |
| Answer» Solution :Over the decades, new issues have ASSUMED importance in the archacology of Harappa. Where some archaeologists of Harappa. Where some archaelogists are OFTEN keen to obtain a cultural SEQUENCE, others try to understand the logic underlying the location of specific sites. They also grapple with the wealth of artefacts, trying to figure out the FUNCTIONS these may have served. Specialists are using modern scientific techniques including surface exploration to recover traccs of the CIVILIZATION as well to minutely analyse every scrap of available evidence. | |
| 1320. |
What principles did the Mughal state follow while classifying lands in its territories ? How was revenue assessed ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) During the Mughal state the CLASSIFICATION of LANDS was based on productivity and continuation of cultivation. (ii)The land that remained continually under cultivation and PAID full land revenue demand was classified as .polaj. . (iii)Land that remained fallow intermittently and paid full rates as and when Parauti. (IV)Land whichhad been fallow for three or four years due to different causes as inundation were brought under a progress-iveland revenue policy. (v)full rates were applied when fully brought under cultivation. They were called .chachar.. (VI)Cultivable waste land or .banjar. paid full and revenuerates in the fifthor eight year of cultivation. State helped in bringing virgin and uncultivated waste land under cultivation. (vii)Regularity of cultivationwas kept in mind before fixing the revenue. Land of first two types was categorised further into good, middling and bad produce. (viii)Produceof each sort was added together andthird of this counted themediumproduce, one third of which was exacted as the royal due or revenue assessment. |
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| 1321. |
What do the terms "White" and "Black" Town signify? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The British had white SKIN as they were OFTEN described .white. and they considered themselves as superior to others. On the other hand, the blacks had brown or black skin. So they were known as the .black.. The White signified their superiority over the Black due to the colour of their skin. (ii) The British symbolised the Black areas full of chaos and anarchy, FILTH and disease and on the other hand, the White areas stood for cleanliness and hygiene. In Black areas, epidemics like cholera and plague often broke out. (iii) So, the British took stringent measures to ensure sanitation and public health to prevent DISEASES of the Black areas. They ensured underground piped water supply and introduced sewerage and drainage system in the the White areas. Thus, we can say that the White Towns were those parts of the colonial towns where the White people lived. (iv) These towns had wide roads, barracks, churches, parade ground, big bungalows and gardens, symbolised settled city life, whereas the Indian lived in Black Towns, were said to be unorganised and a SOURCE of filth and disease. |
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| 1322. |
Who was the well known ruler of the Satavahana dynasty? What was he famous for? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) Gotami-putra Siri-Satakani was the well KNOWN ruler of SATAVAHANA DYNASTY and claimed to be a unique Brahmana. (ii) He destroyed the pride of Kshatriyas and prohibited inter-marriage AMONG the MEMBERS of four Varnas. | |
| 1323. |
"Many reconstructions of Harappan religion are made on assumptions and archaeological interpretation."Substantiate the statement. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Early archaeologists thought that certain objects which seemed unusual or unfamiliar may have had a religious SIGNIFICANCE. These included terracotta figurines of women, heavily jewelled some with elaborate head-dresses, regarded as mother goddesses. (ii) Rare stone statutory of men in an almost standardised posture, seated with one hand on the knee such as 'priest king' was also similarly CLASSIFIED. (iii) Same structures have been assigned of ritual significance which include great bath and fire altars found at kalibangan and Lothal. (iv) Attempts have also been made to reconstruct teligious beliefs and practices by examining seals, some of which seem to depict ritual scenes. Others, with plant motifs, are thought to indicate nature WORSHIP. Some animals.- such as the one-horned animal, often called the 'unicorn- depicted on seals seem to be mythical, composite creatures. In some seals, a figure shown seated cross-legged in a vyogic posture, sometimes SURROUNDED by animals, has been regarded as a depiction of 'proto-Shiva', that is, an early form of one of the major deities of Hinduism. Besides, conical stone objects have been classified as lingas. |
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| 1324. |
Read the passage carefully and answer the question given as follows: When the king Devanampiya Piyadassi had been ruling for eight years, the (country of the )Kalingas (present-day coastal Orissa)was conquered by (him) . One hundred and thousand were killed. and many more died. After that. nowthat (the country of ) theKalingas has been taken, Devanampiya (is devoted ) to an intense study of Dhamma, to the love of Dhamma, and to instructing (the people )in Dhamma. This is the repentance of Devanampiya on account of his conquest of the (country of the ) Kalingas. For this is considered very painful and deplorable by Devanampiya that, while one is conqueringan unconquered (counrty) slaughter, death and deportation of people (taken place) there ........ being the cause of the prosperity of the good and the destruction of the bad (he is )incomprehensible, (he is) one whose tender heart can be captured only by devotion and humility, (he is ) possessed of compassion, (he is ) the giver of many hundred- thousands of cows, (his) mind has received ceremonial initiation for the uplift of the miserable, the poor, the forlorn and the suffering, (he is ) resplendent and embodied kindness tomankind, (he is ) equal to (the gods) Kubera (the god of wealth), Varuna (the god of the ocean), Indra (the god of rains) and Yama (the god of death)........... (ii) How did the king speek repentance ? |
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Answer» Solution : (ii) By the massacre in war of KALINGA Ashoka was filled with grief and REMORSE so he sought repetence by (a) conquering other land ideologically (b) abondonning thepolicy of physicaloccupation in favour of policy of cultural OCCUPATION. (To FOLLOW the Dhamma in all RESPECT.) |
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| 1325. |
Name four books translated into Persian during Akhbar's regime. |
| Answer» Solution : (i) RAMAYAN (ii) Pantanter (III) Mahabharata (iv) BABUR NAMA | |
| 1326. |
Read the passage carefully and answer the question given as follows: When the king Devanampiya Piyadassi had been ruling for eight years, the (country of the )Kalingas (present-day coastal Orissa)was conquered by (him) . One hundred and thousand were killed. and many more died. After that. nowthat (the country of ) theKalingas has been taken, Devanampiya (is devoted ) to an intense study of Dhamma, to the love of Dhamma, and to instructing (the people )in Dhamma. This is the repentance of Devanampiya on account of his conquest of the (country of the ) Kalingas. For this is considered very painful and deplorable by Devanampiya that, while one is conqueringan unconquered (counrty) slaughter, death and deportation of people (taken place) there ........ being the cause of the prosperity of the good and the destruction of the bad (he is )incomprehensible, (he is) one whose tender heart can be captured only by devotion and humility, (he is ) possessed of compassion, (he is ) the giver of many hundred- thousands of cows, (his) mind has received ceremonial initiation for the uplift of the miserable, the poor, the forlorn and the suffering, (he is ) resplendent and embodied kindness tomankind, (he is ) equal to (the gods) Kubera (the god of wealth), Varuna (the god of the ocean), Indra (the god of rains) and Yama (the god of death)........... (i) Who has issued this inscription? The excrpt refers to which war? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :(i) This inscription was issued by Ashoka the GREAT MAURYAN king. The EXCERPT from the inscription refers to the war of Kalinga. | |
| 1327. |
What were the hazards likely to be faced by travellers in medieval times? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Travellers were likely to be faced DIFFERENT hazards. (i) There were great POSSIBILITIES to be attacked by robbers. (ii) They felt homesick as travelled from one place to another took a long SPAN of time. (iii) They could fall ill. |
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| 1328. |
Read the passage carefully and answer the question given as follows: When the king Devanampiya Piyadassi had been ruling for eight years, the (country of the )Kalingas (present-day coastal Orissa)was conquered by (him) . One hundred and thousand were killed. and many more died. After that. nowthat (the country of ) theKalingas has been taken, Devanampiya (is devoted ) to an intense study of Dhamma, to the love of Dhamma, and to instructing (the people )in Dhamma. This is the repentance of Devanampiya on account of his conquest of the (country of the ) Kalingas. For this is considered very painful and deplorable by Devanampiya that, while one is conqueringan unconquered (counrty) slaughter, death and deportation of people (taken place) there ........ being the cause of the prosperity of the good and the destruction of the bad (he is )incomprehensible, (he is) one whose tender heart can be captured only by devotion and humility, (he is ) possessed of compassion, (he is ) the giver of many hundred- thousands of cows, (his) mind has received ceremonial initiation for the uplift of the miserable, the poor, the forlorn and the suffering, (he is ) resplendent and embodied kindness tomankind, (he is ) equal to (the gods) Kubera (the god of wealth), Varuna (the god of the ocean), Indra (the god of rains) and Yama (the god of death)........... (iii) What steps did Ashoka take to spread Dhamma? Give three points. |
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Answer» Solution : (iii) Ashoka took the steps to spread Dhamma (a) APPOINTED special officers known as the dhamma mahamatta to spread the message of dhamma among the people. (b) He asked his OFFICIALS to tell the SUBJECT that the KING looked upon them as his children. (c) He appointed .rajukas. for administration of justice in his empire. |
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| 1329. |
Analyse the rituals associated with Mahanavami Dibba at the Royal Centre in Vijayanagara. |
| Answer» Solution :Rituals associated with the structure probably coincided with Mahanavami of the ten- day Hindu festival during the autumn season. The VIJAYANAGARA kings displayed their prestige, power and SUZERAINTY on this occasion, The ceremonies pertormed on the Occasion included image worship, worship of the state horse, and the sacrifice of BUFFALOES and other animals. Dances, wrestling matches, and processions of caparisoned horses, elephants and CHARIOTS and soldiers, as well as rirual presentations before the king and his guests by the chief nayakas and subordinate kings markcd the occasion. These ceremonies were imbued with deep symbolic meanings. On the last day of the festival the king inspected his army and the armies of the nayakas in a GRAND ceremony in an opcn field. On this occasion the kings accepted rich gifts from the nayakas. | |
| 1330. |
Which of the following American coloines did not attend the first Continental Congress held in Philadelphia? |
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Answer» Philadelphia |
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| 1331. |
How did Sutta-Pitaka reconstruct the philosophy of Buddhism ? Mention about Buddhist Tipitaka |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The PHILOSOPHY of Buddhism has been reconstructed from the stories, they are found in the Sutta-Pitaka . (ii) Some of them describe Buddha.s unique power. (iii) Many stories express that Buddha made efforts to convince the people by reason and PERSUASION or rather than DISPLAYS of Gods power . (iv) Death is inevitable.All stories were either narrated or expressed in the language of common people and they understood . (v) They were written in Pali. Historians reconstructed all of them carefully. Buddhist Tipitakas : (i) Buddhas teachings are known as Tipitaka. They were compiled by his disciples at the council of elders at Vaishali. (ii) Tipitaka literally means THREE basket to hold three different types of texts. (a) Vinaya Pitaka : Includes rules and regulations for those who joined to Sangha. (b) Sutta Pitaka : Consists of Buddha.s discourses and teachings . (c) Abhidhamma Pitaka: DEALS with philosophical matters. |
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| 1332. |
Mention the articles on which the proof of writing was found. |
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Answer» Solution :The variety of articles on which the proof of writing was found are as FOLLOW: (i) Seals, (ii) Cooper tools, (III) RIM of jars, (iv) Tablets made of terracotta and COPPER, (v) Jewellery (vi) bone RODS and (vii) sign-board. |
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| 1333. |
Why did womenIN Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra record petitionsto the vilage Panchayat seeking redressand justice ? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :Women in RAJASTHAN, Gujarat andMaharashtra recorded petitions to the village peanhayat seekingredress and justice dueto following reasons :(i) However, the male infidelity was not always punished by the state and superior CASTE groups intervenedwhen it came to ensuring thatthefamily was PROPERLY provided for (ii)In many cases when women petitioned to the panchayat, their names were excluded from the record. (III)The petitionerwas referredto as the mother, sister or wife of the male head of thefamily. (iv)The women were kept under strict control by the male MEMBER ofthe household and the community. (v)Wives made protestsagainst the infidelity of their husbands or the male head of the household. |
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| 1334. |
Examtne why Bernter described the Mughal towns as the 'Camp Towns'. |
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Answer» Solution :During the seventeenth century about 15 percent of the population lived in the TOWNS. This was on average, higher than the PROPORTION of urban population in Westerm Europe in the same period. In SPITE of this, Bernier described the Mughal cities as 'Camp towns', by which he meant towns that owed their existence and depended for their survival, on the imperial camp. He believed that these came into existence when the imperial court MOVED in and rapidly declined when it moved out. He suggested that they did not have viable social and economic foundations but were dependent on imperial patronage. Bernier was drawing an over simplified picture. There were all kinds of towns manufacturing towns, trading towns, port-towns, sacred centres, pilgrimage towns, etc. Their existence is an INDEX of the prosperity of merchant communities and professional classes. |
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| 1335. |
How did Magadha become the most powerful mahajanpada between sixth to fourth century BCE? Give two reasons. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) MAGADHA was a region where agrieulture was especially productive. (II) Iron mines were ACCESSIBLE and provided RESOURCES for tools and weapons |
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| 1336. |
British imperialism is hanging over the deliberation of constituent assembly. Explain this interpretation of Somnath Lahiri. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Somnath LAHIRI was communist member. His interpretation that the interim government was working under the influence of British government in London. (ii) In the winter of 1946-47, as the assembly deliberated, the British were still in India. (iii) An interim ADMINISTRATION headed by Jawaharlal Nehru was in place but it could only operate under the duration of the viceroy and the British Government in London. (iv) The constituent assembly was British MADE and was "Working the British plans as the British should like to be worked out". For every little difference one had to run to the Federal court. (V) The final power was still in the British hands and the question of power was not finally DECIDED. |
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| 1337. |
State any two characteristic features of the 'new Black Town' developed during the colonial period in Madras. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The NEW Black TOWN resembled traditional Indian towns, with living quarters built around its own temple and bazaar. On the narrow lanes that criss-crossed the township. There were distinct CASTE- specific neighbourhoods. (ii) Chintadripet was an area MEANT for weavers. Washermanpet was a colony of dyers and bleachers of cloth. Royapuram was a SETTLEMENT for Christian boatmen who worked for the Company |
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| 1338. |
When was the Hindu Mahasabha founded? What was its main aim? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Hindu Mahasabha was founded in 1915. (ii) Its main aim was to unite Hindu society by encouraging the HINDUS to transcend the DIVISIONS of CASTE and SECT. |
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| 1339. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: A small basket of grapes This is what Khushdeva Singh writes about his experience during one of his visits to Karachi in 1949. My friends took me to a room at the airport where we all set down and talked...(and) had lunch together. I had to travel from Karachi to London ....at 2,30 a.m ...... At 5.00 p.m... I told my friends that they had given me so generously of their time, I thought it would be too much for them to wait the whole nights and suggested they must spare themselves the trouble. But nobody left until it was dinner time.... Then they said they were leaving and that I opened the door, 1,45 a.m and when I opened the door, I saw that all of them were still there ...They all accompanied me to the plane and, before parting presented me with a small basket of grapes. I had no words to express my gratitude for the overhelming affection with which I was treated and the happiness this stopover had given me. How was Khushdeva Singh seen as a symbol of humanity and harmony? |
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Answer» Solution :(a) As a doctor he worked day and night. (b)He provided the rare healing TOUCH, providing FOOD, SHELTER, love and SECURITY to numerous migrants, MUSLIMS , sikhs ,hindus alike. |
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| 1340. |
Why did Mahatma Gandhi think Hindustani should be the national language? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) According to Mahatma Gandhi Hindustani was a language that the common people could easily UNDERSTAND. Hindustani was a blend of Hindi and Urdu. (ii) It was also popular among a large section of the people. Moreover, it was a composite language enriched by the interaction of diverse cultures. Words and terms from MANY different languages got incorporated into this language over the years. (iii) It made this language easily understandable by people from various REGIONS. According to Mahatma Gandhi, Hindustani would be the ideal language of communication between the communities. (iv) It would help to unify Hindus and Muslims and the people from NORTH and south. (v) Language came to be ASSOCIATED with the politics of religious identities from the end of the 19th century. But Mahatma Gandhi retained his faith in the composite character of Hindustani. |
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| 1341. |
Describle Muzariyams. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) These were peasants who belonged to the samevillage but did not have either LAND or IMPLEMENTS. They looked for supports towards khud-kastha. (ii)There were two types of Muzariyams. (a)Tenant farmers (B)Hired labourer share croppers. They FORMED the poorest PEASANTRY section and belonged to the lower caste. |
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| 1342. |
Why did Abul Fazl describe land revenue as remuneration of sovereignty? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :Abul Fazl, the court chronicler of Akbar.s rule, describes in Ain-i-Akbari land REVENUE as remuneration of sovereignty – as follows: (i) The Mughals believed in the Divine Light of kinship. Their power came DIRECTLY from GOD. They proved this point—The Mongol queen Alanqua was impregnated by a ray of sunshine. The child she bore had this divine light and passed it from generation to generation. (ii) Abul Fazl kept Mughal kingship at the highest station in the hierarchy of objects receiving light from God. The sufi saint Shihabuddin Suhrawardi believed that there was a hierarchy as the divine light transmitted to the king. (iii) Mughal artists STARTED to portray emperors wearing a halo symbolising the light of God from 17th century onwards. (iv) According to Mughals the sovereignty was a social contract. It was the duty of the king to PROTECT the life, property, faith and honour of their objects. (v) Abul Fazl mentioned that the revenue was remuneration of sovereignity a claim made by the ruler on his subjects for the protection. |
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| 1344. |
On the given political outline map locate and label the important cities/towns of ancient India. Mathura, (b) Kanauj, (c) Puhar, (d) Bharukachchha, (e) Shravasti, (f) Vaishali, (g) Vidisha |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 1345. |
Give details about Francois Bernier and other writers who visited India after the 15th century. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Portuguese came to India after 1500. They wrote a lot about the social and religious aspects of India. ROBERT Nobili TRANSLATED many Indian book into EUROPEAN languages. (ii) Duarte Barbosa, was a FAMOUS Portuguese writer. He presented a detailed account of trade and society of South India. Many Dutches, English and French visitors camne to India. (iii) Jean-Baptiste Tavernier was a French jeweller. He came to India six times. He was much impressed with the Indian trading conditions. He compared India with Iran and Ottoman Empire. (iv) Manuci, a Italian doctor was so affected by India and became its inhabitant. (v) Francois Bernier belonged to France. He was a doctor, historian and politicalb philosopher. He visited India in 1656. He stayed here for 12 years (1668). He was appointed as a physician of Prince Darashukoh. (vi) Bernier went to different parts of India. He brought everything what he observed during his visits. (vii) He compared his knowledge about India with the situation in Europe. He dedicated his writings to Louis XIV, King of France. (viii) He exposed the situation in India as bleak in comparison to the development in Europe. His works became very POPULAR. They were translated into many languages English, Dutch, German and Italian. |
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| 1346. |
Mention the teachings of Mahatma Buddha. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) According to the Buddhist Philosophy the WORLD is transient ( anicca) and constantly changing it is also soulless ( anatta) as there is nothing permanent in it. (ii) Within this transient world, sorrow ( dukha) is intrinsic to HUMAN existence. It is by following the path of moderation between severe penance and self indulgence that human beings can rise above these worldwide troubles.  (iii) The BUDDHA regarded the social world as creation of humans RATHER than of divine origin. (iv)According to the Buddhist tradition, his last words to his followers were , " be lamps unto yourselves as all of you must work out your own LIBERATION". |
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| 1347. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: A small basket of grapes This is what Khushdeva Singh writes about his experience during one of his visits to Karachi in 1949. My friends took me to a room at the airport where we all set down and talked...(and) had lunch together. I had to travel from Karachi to London ....at 2,30 a.m ...... At 5.00 p.m... I told my friends that they had given me so generously of their time, I thought it would be too much for them to wait the whole nights and suggested they must spare themselves the trouble. But nobody left until it was dinner time.... Then they said they were leaving and that I opened the door, 1,45 a.m and when I opened the door, I saw that all of them were still there ...They all accompanied me to the plane and, before parting presented me with a small basket of grapes. I had no words to express my gratitude for the overhelming affection with which I was treated and the happiness this stopover had given me. How did oral history help the historians to reconstruct the events of the recent past? |
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Answer» Solution :(a) It provided variety of EXAMPLES with WRITTEN DESCRIPTIONS. (b) It provides valuable MATERIALS to the historians for the reconstruction of the PAST. |
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| 1348. |
What were the similarities and differences between Buddhism and Jainism ? |
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Answer» Solution :Similarities : (i) Both grew asa reaction against Brahmanism. Both advocated a moral code of conduct noble deeds as a means to attain salvation. (II) Both laid STRESS on ahimsa or non - violence. They emphasised equality of all human beings and believed in the concept of karma. (III) Both rejected authority of the Vedas and the supremacy of the BRAHMINS . Both had an organised monastic order for the propagation of their teachings. Differences : (i) The moral deterioration of the Buddhist monks and nuns was unkindly treated by Brahmin rulers. (ii) Jainism did not openly reject the caste system. (iii) Buddhism was more liberal and easier to follow than Jainism. (IV) Jainism believed both living and non - living objects had life . Buddha did not hold such a belief. (v) Buddhism spread outside India and still popular in South - East Asian countries whereas Jainism was confined to India and is practiced in the land of its birth. |
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| 1349. |
What any two functions of Jati Panchayat. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) To ENSURE ritual PRECEDENCE in village FUNCTIONS (ii)To get marriages performedaccording to caste NORMS. |
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| 1350. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: A small basket of grapes This is what Khushdeva Singh writes about his experience during one of his visits to Karachi in 1949. My friends took me to a room at the airport where we all set down and talked...(and) had lunch together. I had to travel from Karachi to London ....at 2,30 a.m ...... At 5.00 p.m... I told my friends that they had given me so generously of their time, I thought it would be too much for them to wait the whole nights and suggested they must spare themselves the trouble. But nobody left until it was dinner time.... Then they said they were leaving and that I opened the door, 1,45 a.m and when I opened the door, I saw that all of them were still there ...They all accompanied me to the plane and, before parting presented me with a small basket of grapes. I had no words to express my gratitude for the overhelming affection with which I was treated and the happiness this stopover had given me. How did his friends show their affection to him during his visit to Karachi? |
| Answer» Solution :During his visit to Karachi, his FRIENDS stayed with him at the place where he (Khushdeva Singh) was put up. They all remained with him , when they stayed there. Before departing to India, he was OFFERED a BASKET of grapes as a symbol of their love. | |