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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1351. |
Why is mid first millennium in world cultural history ? |
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Answer» Solution :The mid first MILLENNIUM BCE is often regarded as a TURNING point in world cultural history as (i) It has seen emergence of thinkers such as Zarathustra in Iran, Kong Zi in China , Socrates, Plato and Aristotle in Greece and Mahavira and Gautam Buddha among others in India. (II)Thinkers tried to understand he mysteries of existence and the relationship between human beings and the cosmic order. (iii) During this time new kingdoms and towns were developing. (iv) Social and economic life was going to change in a different manners in the GANGA valley , growth of towns , new crafts , trade and new techniques , iron tools were used in the extension of AGRICULTURE on new lands. Extension of agriculture due to occupation of new lands application of new techniques and use of iron tools. |
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| 1352. |
Gutam Buddha delivered his sermon at which one of the following place? |
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Answer» KUSHINAGAR |
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| 1353. |
King and Traders Krishnadeva Raya (ruled 1509-29), the most famous ruler of Vijaynagar, composed a work on statecraft in Telugu known as the Amuktamalyada. About traders he wrote : A king should improve the harbours of his country and so encourage its commerce that horses, elephants, precious gems, sandalwood, pearis and other articles are freely imported . He should sailors who land in his country on account of storms, illness and exhaustion are looked after in a suitable manner. ... Make the merchants of distant forcign countries who import elephants and good horses be attached to yourself by providing them with daily audience, presents and allowing decent profits. Then those articles will never arrange that the foreign go to your enemies. In what ways had KrishnadevaRaya protected articles from going to hisenemies? |
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Answer» SOLUTION : (i) He made the merchants of distant foreign counties who imported elephants and GOOD horses be attached by providing them with daily audience. (II) He gave precious PRESENTS to the merchants and made extensive arrangements so that they could GET decent profits. |
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| 1354. |
Explain any three values encouraged women for their empowerment |
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Answer» Solution :(i) After INDEPENDENCE, women got cqual RIGHTS in every walk of life. SPREAD of education created awareness among women and they began to choose different professions. (ii) Social, economic, political and cultural awareness created a new favourable environment that generated new confidence and empowerment among women. (iii) Our RICH culture and tadhtions of respecaung women were revived by the freedom fighters and SAID that low status of women was not original culture. This gave a boOst to empowerment of women. |
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| 1355. |
King and Traders Krishnadeva Raya (ruled 1509-29), the most famous ruler of Vijaynagar, composed a work on statecraft in Telugu known as the Amuktamalyada. About traders he wrote : A king should improve the harbours of his country and so encourage its commerce that horses, elephants, precious gems, sandalwood, pearis and other articles are freely imported . He should sailors who land in his country on account of storms, illness and exhaustion are looked after in a suitable manner. ... Make the merchants of distant forcign countries who import elephants and good horses be attached to yourself by providing them with daily audience, presents and allowing decent profits. Then those articles will never arrange that the foreign go to your enemies. Explain the measures taken by the king to improve the conditions of his country. |
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Answer» Solution : (i) The KING should PROTECT borders from his ENEMIES. (ii) H: should take all necessary steps to improve economic condition of his countrymen. |
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| 1356. |
What do you know about Lucknow Pact? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) Lucknow Pact was SIGNED in Dec. 1916. It was signed between CONGRESS and Muslim League. | |
| 1357. |
Which one among the following countries is not touched by the Stilwell Road contructed during the World War II ? |
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Answer» Myanmar |
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| 1358. |
King and Traders Krishnadeva Raya (ruled 1509-29), the most famous ruler of Vijaynagar, composed a work on statecraft in Telugu known as the Amuktamalyada. About traders he wrote : A king should improve the harbours of his country and so encourage its commerce that horses, elephants, precious gems, sandalwood, pearis and other articles are freely imported . He should sailors who land in his country on account of storms, illness and exhaustion are looked after in a suitable manner. ... Make the merchants of distant forcign countries who import elephants and good horses be attached to yourself by providing them with daily audience, presents and allowing decent profits. Then those articles will never arrange that the foreign go to your enemies. Explain the responsibilities of king mentioned by Krishnadeva Raya. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) A king should improve the harbours of his country. (II) He should encourage commerce elephants, precious gems, sandalwood, PEARLS and other rticles should ALSO be freely imported. and horses. (ii) He should also arrange that the forcign sailors who hd to land in his country on account of storms, illness and EXHAUSTION were looked after in a proper MANNER. |
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| 1359. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow "Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law" On 5 April, 1930 Mahatma Gandhi spoke at Dendi: When I left Sabarmati with my companions for this seaside hamlet of Dandi, I was not certain in my mind that we would be allowed to reach this place. Even while I was at Sabarmati there was a rumour that I might be arrested. I had thought that the Government might perhaps let my party come as far as Dandi, but not me certainly. If someone says that this betrays imperfect faith on my part, I shall not deny the charge. That I have reached here is in no small measure due to the power of peace and non-violence that power is aniversally feit The Government may, if it wishes, itself on acting as it has done, for it could have arrested every one of us. In saying that it did not have the courage to arrest this army of peace, we praise it. It felt ashamed to arrest such He is a civilised man who feels congratulate an army. ashamed to do anythkig which his neighbours would The Government deserves to be congratulated on not arresting us, even if it desisted only from fear of woeld opinion. Tomortow we shall break the salt tax law. Whether disapprove. the Government will tolerate that is a different question. It may not tolerate it, but it deserves congratulations on the patience and forbearance it has displayed in regard to this party.. What if I and all the eminentleaders in Gujarat and in the rest of the country are arrested? This movement is based on the faith that when a whole nation is roused and on the march no leader is necessary. Why was the Salt March' vety significant? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The SALT march was significant because it brought Gandhi into limelight and attracted the WORLD's attention. (ii) Women PARTICIPATION was very high. (III) It forced the British to think that their British RAJ will not continue further. (iv) Gandhi mobilized a wider discontent against British rule. |
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| 1360. |
"Madras was home to different communities." Mention suitable arguments. |
| Answer» Solution : (i) The .dubashees. or INDIANS who used to speak two languages, local language and English ACTED as agents, middlemen and suppliers of GOODS. They worked as intermediaries between the Indian society and the British.(ii) The .vellars., a rural caste took the benefits of the new OPPORTUNITIES provided by British rule. With the spread of English education, the Brahmans began competing for government jobs. (iii) The Telugu .Komatis a powerful commercial group controlled the grain trade in the city. The Gujarati Bankers were ALSO present in large numbers. (iv) The Paraiyas and Vanniyar formed the labouring community. Nearby Triplicane became the nucleus of a substantial Muslim settlement. | |
| 1361. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow "Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law" On 5 April, 1930 Mahatma Gandhi spoke at Dendi: When I left Sabarmati with my companions for this seaside hamlet of Dandi, I was not certain in my mind that we would be allowed to reach this place. Even while I was at Sabarmati there was a rumour that I might be arrested. I had thought that the Government might perhaps let my party come as far as Dandi, but not me certainly. If someone says that this betrays imperfect faith on my part, I shall not deny the charge. That I have reached here is in no small measure due to the power of peace and non-violence that power is aniversally feit The Government may, if it wishes, itself on acting as it has done, for it could have arrested every one of us. In saying that it did not have the courage to arrest this army of peace, we praise it. It felt ashamed to arrest such He is a civilised man who feels congratulate an army. ashamed to do anythkig which his neighbours would The Government deserves to be congratulated on not arresting us, even if it desisted only from fear of woeld opinion. Tomortow we shall break the salt tax law. Whether disapprove. the Government will tolerate that is a different question. It may not tolerate it, but it deserves congratulations on the patience and forbearance it has displayed in regard to this party.. What if I and all the eminentleaders in Gujarat and in the rest of the country are arrested? This movement is based on the faith that when a whole nation is roused and on the march no leader is necessary. What were the apprehensions of Mahatma Gandhi when he started his Dandi March? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :He was not CERTAIN that he would be allowed to reach Dandi. Gandhiji suspected he might be arrested, as he said, "Government might PERHAPS let my party come as FAR as Dandi but not me CERTAINLY" | |
| 1362. |
What were the main recommendations of the Cripps Mission? |
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Answer» Solution :The Cripps Mission reached India in 1942. It was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps and made the following recommendation: (i) India should be made a Dominion State after the END of the Second World War, (ii) A new constitution for India will be framed by Constituent ASSEMBLY. CONSTITUTENT Assembly will comprise all elected members. (iii) Those PROVINCES who did not agree to the constitution would retain their present POSITION. (iv) Princely states would not be bound to follow the provision of the new constitution. (v) After the formation of a constitution, there would be a treaty between Britain and India to chalk out a framework for the transfer of political power to the Indian. |
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| 1363. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow "Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law" On 5 April, 1930 Mahatma Gandhi spoke at Dendi: When I left Sabarmati with my companions for this seaside hamlet of Dandi, I was not certain in my mind that we would be allowed to reach this place. Even while I was at Sabarmati there was a rumour that I might be arrested. I had thought that the Government might perhaps let my party come as far as Dandi, but not me certainly. If someone says that this betrays imperfect faith on my part, I shall not deny the charge. That I have reached here is in no small measure due to the power of peace and non-violence that power is aniversally feit The Government may, if it wishes, itself on acting as it has done, for it could have arrested every one of us. In saying that it did not have the courage to arrest this army of peace, we praise it. It felt ashamed to arrest such He is a civilised man who feels congratulate an army. ashamed to do anythkig which his neighbours would The Government deserves to be congratulated on not arresting us, even if it desisted only from fear of woeld opinion. Tomortow we shall break the salt tax law. Whether disapprove. the Government will tolerate that is a different question. It may not tolerate it, but it deserves congratulations on the patience and forbearance it has displayed in regard to this party.. What if I and all the eminentleaders in Gujarat and in the rest of the country are arrested? This movement is based on the faith that when a whole nation is roused and on the march no leader is necessary. Why did Gandhiji say that the Government deserve to be congratulated? |
| Answer» Solution :ACCORDING to Gandhi, the GOVERNMENT deserved to be congratulated on not arresting them, EVEN if it DESISTED only becasue of the fear of world opinion. | |
| 1364. |
Buchanan on the santhals Buchanan wrote : They are very clever in clearing new lands, but live meanly. Their huts have no fence, and the walls are made of small sticks pląced upright, close together and plastered within with clay. They are small and slovenly, and too flat-roofed, with very little arch. Analyse the economic activities of Santhals. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The Santhals CULTIVATED a range of commercial CROPS for the MARKET. (ii) The dealt with traders and moneylenders as well. |
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| 1365. |
"Early Harappan archaeologist thought that certain objects which seems unusual and unfamiliar may have had a religious significance". Substantiate. |
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Answer» Solution :Archaeologists found MANY objects, that may have had a religious significance. (i) These INCLUDED terracotta figurines of women heavily jewelled, with elaborate head dresses and Harappan people might consider as Mother goddesses. (ii) Identification of priest king is based on ideas from MESOPOTAMIAN History. (iii) In EXCAVATION, found a seal, depict a male God, had horns on his head, shown seated CROSS legged in a yogic posture and some times covered all around by animals may be considered as Pashupati. (iv) many seals with picture or conical stones have been considered Linga. (v) Examining seals, one god between the branches of .peepal. tree which explains that people of Harappan culture were used to worship the nature. |
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| 1366. |
Buchanan on the santhals Buchanan wrote : They are very clever in clearing new lands, but live meanly. Their huts have no fence, and the walls are made of small sticks pląced upright, close together and plastered within with clay. They are small and slovenly, and too flat-roofed, with very little arch. Examine the role of Buchanan as an agent of the East India Company? |
| Answer» Solution :Buchanan was EMPLOYED by the East India COMPANY. He marched everywhere with a large army of people-draughtsmen, surveyors, PALANQUIN bcarers, coolies, ETC. As an agent of the East India Company, Buchanan had to report on the activity of the Santhals. | |
| 1367. |
Describe the basie on which archaeologiste idenified the centres of crafi production in the Hurappan culture |
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Answer» Solution : The basis on which archacologists identify the centers of craft PRODUCTION are: Raw materials such as stone nodules, whole shell, COPPER ore, etc. (ii) Rejccts and waste material : le is one of the best indicators of craftwork. For instance, if shell or stone is cur to make objects, then pieces of these materials will be discarded as waste st the place of production. (iii) Finished products Sometimes, LARGER waste pieces were used up to make smaller objects WIHICH suggest that apart from small, specialised centres, craft production Was also undertaken in large ciries such as Mohenjodaro and Harappa |
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| 1368. |
Buchanan on the santhals Buchanan wrote : They are very clever in clearing new lands, but live meanly. Their huts have no fence, and the walls are made of small sticks pląced upright, close together and plastered within with clay. They are small and slovenly, and too flat-roofed, with very little arch. How did Buchanan describe the living conditions of Santhals? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :ACCORDING to BUCHANAN, the Santhals had very little needs. They lived in simple huts made-up of SMALL sticks and-plastered with-mud The design of the huts was simple with flat roofs and no arches. The huts were built small and dishevelled. They had no fence. | |
| 1369. |
Describe the beliefs of Virashaiva tradition in Karnataka. |
| Answer» Solution :The Virashaivas or Lingayats worship Shiva in his manifestation as a linga, and men usually wear a small linga in a silver case on a loop strung over the left shoulder. Those who are revered include the jangama or wandering monks. Lingayats believe that on dcath the devotee will be united with Shiva and will not return to this world. Therefore, they do not practise funerary rites such as cremation, prescribed in the Dharamashastras.Instead, they ceremonially bury their dead. They challenged the idea of caste and the "pollution" attributed to certain groups by the Brahamanas. They QUESTIONED the theory of REBIRTH. These won them followers amongst those who were marginalised by the Brahamanical SOCIAL order. The Lingayats also encouraged certain practices that were disapprovedin the Dharmshastras, such as post-puberty marriage and the remarriage of widows. The understanding of Virashaiva tradition is derived from Vachanas (oral sayings) composed in Kannada by WOMEN and men who joined the movement. | |
| 1370. |
Why did Sikh leaders favour partitions? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The SIKH leaders in PUNJAB FAVOURED partition by March 1947 -following the Direct Action Day and the subsequent bloodshed and violence, BECAME convinced the partition was a necessary evil. (ii) They feared , following the numbers game they would otherwise be swamped by Muslim majority part of Punjab. |
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| 1371. |
"the nobility was recruited consciously by the Mughal rulers from diverse ethnic and religious groups." Justify. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :REFER to NCERT, Q8. | |
| 1372. |
Discuss the evidence that suggests that Brahmanical prescriptions about kinship and marriage were not universally followed. |
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Answer» Solution :Brahmanical prescriptions about kinship and marriage: (A) Prescription about Kinship: (i) As per SANSKRIT TEXTS, the term .Kula. was used to designate families and Jati. for the larger network of kinfolk. The term vansha was used for lineage. Very often people belonging to the same family share food and other resources they live, work and perform rituals together. (ii) Families were considered as the part of larger networks of people defined as relatives a technical term used to defined them was kinfolk. While familial ties were considered "natural" and based on blood they can be defined in different ways. (iii) Some societies regard cousins as being blood relations, WHEREAS others do not regard as from historians retrieve information about elite families fairly easily from it is very hard to reconstruct the familial RELATIONSHIP of ordinary people. (iv) Historians also try to analyse their attitudes towards family and kinship. These are important because they provide an insight into people.s thinking. (B) Prescriptions about Marriage: In the continuity of the patrilineage the sons were considered important. The daughter could not claim over the resources of their household. They were married into families outside the kin. This system was known as exogamy which means marrying outside one.s kin or gotra. (ii) The women of high status families were married to the right persons at right time. Kanyadana or the gift of a daughter in marriage was considered as an important religious duty of the father. With the emergence of new means of communication people came into contact with each other and they began to share their view. (iii) The Brahmanas laid down codes of their social behaviour. Their codes regarding social behaviour were later on enshrined in Dharmashastras. These text recognised EIGHT types of marriage. Among these types of marriage four were considered as good while the rest four as condemnable. Satavahana ruler did not follow exogamy of Brahmans. |
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| 1373. |
Who wrote the Akbar Nama? Describe its content in brief. |
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Answer» Solution :The Akbar Mama was written by Abul Fazl. can be SUMMED up as follow: (i) Abul Fazl grew up in the Mughal capital of Agra. He was widely read in Arabic, Persian, Greek philosophy and Sufism. (ii) Moreover he was a forceful debater and independent thinker who consistently opposed the views of the conservative ulama. These qualities impressed Akbar, who found that Fazl ideally SUITED as an adviser and a spokesperson for his POLICIES. (iii) The Akbar NAMA is divided into three books of which the Ain-i-Akbari the first volume, contains the history of mankind from Adam to one celestial cycle of Akbar.s life. (iv) Beginning in 1589, Abul Fazl worked on the Akbar Mona for thirteen YEARS repeatedly revising the draft. |
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| 1374. |
Who were the khud-kashta ? |
| Answer» Solution :Khud-kasthawere thepeasants whocultivate theirland with the HELP oftheirfamily MEMBERS. They owned a SMALL piece of landin VILLAGE where theylived. | |
| 1375. |
Write the names of some members who favoured strong states. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) K. Santhanam from MADRAS. (II) A. Ramaswamy MUDALIYAR from MYSORE. |
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| 1376. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: A rural city? Read this excerpt on Madras from the Imperial Gazetteer, 1908: ... the better European residencies are built in the midst of compounds which almost attain the dignity of parks, and rice-fields frequently wind in and out between these in almost rural fashion. Even in the most thickly peopled native quarters such as Black Town and Triplicane, there is little of the crowding found in many other towns. Explain the condition of black towiis |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The black towns were thickly POPULATED, with JESS hygienic LIVING conditions and with no planning The "Black" arcas come to he symbolised not only chaos and anarchy, but also filth and disease | |
| 1377. |
Why were the Dharmashastras written? |
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Answer» Solution :The Dharmashastras were written because: (i) Social life BECAME more complex as new towns EMERGED. People tended to travel long distances for trade and other purposes. (ii) The Brahmans felt threatened and retaliated by LAYING down norms or codes of social conduct to be followed by different social groups existed in society. (iii) The norms were COMPILED in SANSKRIT of Dharmashastras, Dharmasutras and the Manusmriti. (iv) The Brahmans claimed what they wrote to be obeyed by everyone. Evidences were contrary as all norms were not followed. The regional diversity which existed in the subcontinent and difficulties of communication could not make that possible. |
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| 1378. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: A rural city? Read this excerpt on Madras from the Imperial Gazetteer, 1908: ... the better European residencies are built in the midst of compounds which almost attain the dignity of parks, and rice-fields frequently wind in and out between these in almost rural fashion. Even in the most thickly peopled native quarters such as Black Town and Triplicane, there is little of the crowding found in many other towns. Where and why were better European residencies built? |
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Answer» Solution : (a) BETTER European residences were built due to the economic activities of the English Hast India Company in Bombay/Calcutta/Madras. (b) Better European residences are built in the MIDST of COMPOUNDS, which almost attain the dignity of parks and rice field and at the areas of the free low of the winds. (c) BUILDINGS that build in these CITIES bore marks of their colonial oriyin. They mould tastes, popularize styles and shape the contours of culture |
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| 1379. |
Describe the routine followed by the Mughal Emperor Akbar from sunrise? What happened on his birthday? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Akbar, the Mughal EMPEROR started at the crack of dawn used to make his prayers. He used to appear on a balcony known as gharolcha.. A large crowd stayed there for his darshan. Akbar INTRODUCED this tradition to broaden imperial authority. (ii) He used to spend about an hour there and moved to Diwah TAm to conduct the primary business of his administration. Reports were presented by the state officials. Later KEY decisions were taken. (iii) Akbar after finishing his business at diwan-i-am used to go to Diwan-i-khas to discuss private and confidential discussion that took place there. Tax officers put their accounts and elite ministers himself viewed the building plans of architects and their works. (iv) The court was full of light on important occasions—Id, shab-i-barat and HOLI. (v) On his birthday monarch was weighed against several articles which were distributed as charity. |
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| 1380. |
Which of the following were the watch words of the French Revolution ? |
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Answer» RIGHT , LIBERTY and Equality |
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| 1381. |
Examine the Panchayat system of the Mughal Empire. |
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Answer» Solution :The panchayat sytem of the Mughals: (i) The village panchayat was an assembly of elders, with hereditary rights. (ii) In mixed-caste villages, the panchayat was usually a heterogencous body The panchayat was headed by a headman known as muqaddam or mandal. chosen through the consensus of the clders and zamindar. (iv) Headmen held office as long as they enjoyed the confideuce of the village elders. (v) The chief function of the headman was to supervise the preparation of village accounts, assisted by the accountant or patwari. (VI) Theanchayat derived its funds from common financial pool. (vii) Expenses for community welfare activities such as digging a canal, tiding over floods were ALSO met from these funds. (viii) One impor tant function of the panchayat was to ensute the caste BOUNDARIES among the communities inhabiting the village were upheld. (ix) In eastern India all marriages were held in the presence of mandals. (x) Panchayats also had the authority to levy fines and inflict more SERIOUS forms of punishment LIKE expulsion from the community. |
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| 1382. |
Who was John Marshall ? How did he mark a change in the Indian archaeology? |
| Answer» Solution :John Marshall was the Director GENERAL of Archacological Survey of India (ASI) from 1902 to 1928. He was known for EXCAVATIONS in Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Sanchi, Sarnath and Taxila | |
| 1383. |
Explain how the coming of Gandhiji broadened the base of the Indian national movement. |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa in 1915. In 1917 he WENT to Champaran in Bihar to fight for the cause of farmers who were forced to grow indigo by the British government. The farmers movement proved successful as the British government accepted the demands of the farmers. Since that time to 1948 when he was assassinated, he occupied the central place in the politics of India. The fact is Mahatma Gandhi is the chief protagonist of the Indian Freedom Struggle. (b) Mahatma Gandhi changed the nature of freedom movement and this can be elaborated by the following points:(i) When Gandhiji joined Indian politics, the freedom movement was limited to the middle class. Everybody who participated in the political movements was educated and product of the English education. (ii) Gandhiji made it all pervasive. Now people from villages, poor people, labours, workers, and students all became part of the freedom struggle. However, there are people who find fault with the act of Gandhiji. (iii) They point out that Mahatma Gandhi used religious symbols to popularise the freedom movement that in LONG TERM gave fillip to communal politics. It is notable that the Age of Gandhi is also the age of the Rise of Muslim League in Indian politics. (iv) Eminent author Nirad C Choudhary has also criticised Mahatma Gandhi for making the freedom movement a mass movement by short cuts. (v) Mahatma G.ndhi has to be credited with emancipation of women and their participation in the public life at a scale not known in Indian history. Women were very prominent in picketing activities against shops selling foreign goods. (vi) The freedom movement gave some prominent women leaders viz. Sarojini Naidu, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur and many more. (vii) For Mahatma Gandhi freedom movement was also a platform for social reforms. He SPOKE in favour of place of dignity and respects for depressed classes. (viii) He made end to untouchability a fundamental objective of his political philosophy. Thus, Mahatma Gandhi made freedom movement a mass movement and a movement much beyond politics. |
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| 1384. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: A warning for Europe Bernier warned tharif Earopeankings fotlowed the Mughal model: Their kingdoms would be very far from being well- cultivated and peopled, so well built, so rich, so polite and flourishing as we see them. Our kings are otherwise rich and powerful, and we must avow rhat they are much better and more royally served. They would soon be kings of deserts and solitudes, of beggars and barbarians, such as those are whom I have been representing (the Mughals).. We should find the great Cities and the great Burroughs (boroughs) rendered uninhabitable because of ill air, and to fall to ruine (ruin) without any bodies (anybody) taking care of repairing them, the hillocks abandon'd, and the fields overspread with bushes or fill'd with pestilential marishes (marshes), as hath been already intimated. "Pride has its fall if power and negligence of duty rules any one." Explain the statement in relevance to the Bernier's warning |
| Answer» Solution : Bernier had noted the decay and he KNEW that the Mughal empire was on the downward trend. He had witnessed the corruption in the officers of the state and the ncgligence that is why he FELT that the power had its fall if power and negligence of duty rules any ONE. They would be KINGS of DESERTS and salitudes of beggars and barbarians. | |
| 1385. |
Why did B. Pocker Bahadur from Madras make a powerful plea for continuing separate electorate in the Constituent Assembly? Explain |
| Answer» Solution :Minorities exist in all lands, ARGUED Bahadur, they could not be wished away, they could not be erased out of existence. The need was to create political fabric in which minorities could live in harmony with OTHERS, and the DIFFERENCES between communities could be minimised. This was POSSIBLE only if minorites were well represented within the political system, their voices heard, and their views TAKEN into account. The needs of the Muslims could not be understood by Non-Muslims. Therefore he demanded separate Electorate for Muslims, | |
| 1386. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: A warning for Europe Bernier warned tharif Earopeankings fotlowed the Mughal model: Their kingdoms would be very far from being well- cultivated and peopled, so well built, so rich, so polite and flourishing as we see them. Our kings are otherwise rich and powerful, and we must avow rhat they are much better and more royally served. They would soon be kings of deserts and solitudes, of beggars and barbarians, such as those are whom I have been representing (the Mughals).. We should find the great Cities and the great Burroughs (boroughs) rendered uninhabitable because of ill air, and to fall to ruine (ruin) without any bodies (anybody) taking care of repairing them, the hillocks abandon'd, and the fields overspread with bushes or fill'd with pestilential marishes (marshes), as hath been already intimated. In what ways did Bernier condemn Mughal rulers ? |
| Answer» Solution : Bernier condemns the Mughals as the kings of deserts, solitudes, BEGGARS and BARBARIANS. | |
| 1387. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: A rural city? Read this excerpt on Madras from the Imperial Gazetteer, 1908: ... the better European residencies are built in the midst of compounds which almost attain the dignity of parks, and rice-fields frequently wind in and out between these in almost rural fashion. Even in the mostthickly peopled native quarters such as Black Town and Triplicane, there is little of the crowding found in many other towns. State the meaning of gradual urbanisation of Madras (Chennal). |
| Answer» Solution : The dubashes were Indians who COULD speak two LANGUAGES the LOCAL LANGUAGE and English. | |
| 1388. |
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: A warning for Europe Bernier warned tharif Earopeankings fotlowed the Mughal model: Their kingdoms would be very far from being well- cultivated and peopled, so well built, so rich, so polite and flourishing as we see them. Our kings are otherwise rich and powerful, and we must avow rhat they are much better and more royally served. They would soon be kings of deserts and solitudes, of beggars and barbarians, such as those are whom I have been representing (the Mughals).. We should find the great Cities and the great Burroughs (boroughs) rendered uninhabitable because of ill air, and to fall to ruine (ruin) without any bodies (anybody) taking care of repairing them, the hillocks abandon'd, and the fields overspread with bushes or fill'd with pestilential marishes (marshes), as hath been already intimated. What contrasts do the account of Bernier and Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari? |
| Answer» Solution : Abul Fazal who was one of the nune GEMS in the court of Akbar has written in GLOWING terms about the REIGN of Akbar, the land, the people and the crops, customs etc. Abul was a scholar and he had first hand knowledge of India. On the other hand Bernier did not know much about Mughals or India. Thus, he saw the Mughal EMPEROR, as the king of BEGGARS and Barbarians | |
| 1389. |
What were the impact of Battle of Talikota. Write any two. |
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Answer» Solution :Battle of Talikota was fought in `1565`. As a RESULT of this war : (i) The VIJAYANAGARA empire lost its PRESTIGE. (ii) The invader DESTROYED the city of Vijayanagara. |
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| 1390. |
Mention two reasons for having control on the Northern frontiers of the Vijayanagara kingdom by the Sultan of Deccan and the Gajpati rulers of Orissa. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) They WANTED to establish their control over the FERTILE river valley. (ii) They want to establish their firm grip over the RESOURCES generated by the lucrative overseas trades. |
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| 1391. |
Write the name of book which was written by Urvashi Butalia. Mention the incident which it describes. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Urvashi Butalia wrote The Other Side of Silence.. (II)It describes the story of some women of Thoa Khalsa of Rawalpindi district, During partition , 90 women of the VILLAGE jumped into a WELL to pravent themselves falling into the Muslim hands. Their deaths are referred to as martydom not SUICIDE. |
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| 1392. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: What" recovering" women meant Here is the experience of a couple,reconted by Prakash Tandon in his Punjabi Century an autobiographical social history of colonial Punjab: In one instance ,a Sikh youth who had run amuck during the Partition persuaded a massacring crowld ot let him take away a young beautiful Muslim girl. They got married,and slowly fell in love with each other , Gradually, memories of her parents, who had been killed and her former life faded. They were happy together,and a little body was born. Soon however, social workers and the police, labouring assiduously to recover abducted women began to track down the couple. They made inquiries in the Sikh's home-district of Jalandhar he got scent of it and the family ran awayto Calcuta. The social workers reached Calcutta Meanwhile ,the couple's friends tried to obtain a stay-order from the court but the law was taking its ponderous course From Calcutta the couple escaped to some obscure Punjab village hoping that the police would fail to shadow them. But the police caught up with them and began to question them. His wife was expecting again and now nearing her time. The Sikh sent the and now nearing her time. The Sikh sent the little boy to his mother and took his wife to a sugarcane field.He made her as comfortable as he could in a pit while he lay with a gun, waiting for the police determined not to lose her while he was alive. In the pit he delivered her with his own hands. The next day she ran high fever. and in three days she was dead. He had not dared to take her to the hospital. He was so afraid the social workers and the polices would take her away. What does it reflect about the government attitude? |
| Answer» Solution :In SENSITIVE to the feelings of women. Their OPINIONS were not TAKEN into ACCOUNT. | |
| 1393. |
"The Mahanavami Dibba in the Royal Centre of Vijaynagar has the basis of its form of buildings functions." Elaborate. |
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Answer» SOLUTION : (i) The name comes from the shape of the platform and the Mahanavami festival which was observed here. (ii) It had two of the most impressive PLATFORMS, the "Audience Hall" and the "Mahanavami Dibba" (iii) The entire complex was surrounded by high double walls with a street running between them (iv) The "Mahanavami Dibba" was a massive platform rising form a base of about 11,000 sq. ft. to aight of 40 ft (v) Rituals associated with the structure have COINCIDED with Mahanavami of the ten day Hindu festival during the autumn months of September and October. Known variously as DUSSEHRA, Durga Puja and Navaratri or Mahanavami. (vi) The cercmonies performed on the OCCASION included worship of image, keen worship of the state horse, and the sacrifice of buffaloes. (vii) Dance, wrestling matches and processions of capatisoned horses, elephants and chatiots and soldiers as well as ritual presentations before the king and his guests by the chief nayaks and subordinate kings marked the occasion. (viii) Nayakas brought gifts and tribute for the king, |
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| 1394. |
When and by whom was Vijayanagara empire founded ? |
| Answer» Solution :Vijayanagara EMPIRE was founded by the TWO BROTHERS - HARIHARA Raya and Bukka Raya in `1336`. | |
| 1395. |
Describe briefly how the interpretations of the Sharia changed with time. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Paintings portraying true to life images of the Mughal emperors. Court and people were the source of constant tension between rulers and representatives of ortho-doxy ulama. (ii) The orthodox quoted that Quran and the `hadis. as forbade the depiction of human beings in a NATURALISTIC manner. (III) The interpretation of the `sharia. changed with the time. The Islamic traditions were interpreted in different ways by several SOCIAL groups that was accordingly their political requirements. (iv) Several muslim rulers in different Asian REGIONS recruited artists to paint their portraits, scenes of life in their kingdom. (v) Many artists were brought to Mughal court from Iran by Humayun—Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdus Samad. |
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| 1396. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: What" recovering" women meant Here is the experience of a couple,reconted by Prakash Tandon in his Punjabi Century an autobiographical social history of colonial Punjab: In one instance ,a Sikh youth who had run amuck during the Partition persuaded a massacring crowld ot let him take away a young beautiful Muslim girl. They got married,and slowly fell in love with each other , Gradually, memories of her parents, who had been killed and her former life faded. They were happy together,and a little body was born. Soon however, social workers and the police, labouring assiduously to recover abducted women began to track down the couple. They made inquiries in the Sikh's home-district of Jalandhar he got scent of it and the family ran awayto Calcuta. The social workers reached Calcutta Meanwhile ,the couple's friends tried to obtain a stay-order from the court but the law was taking its ponderous course From Calcutta the couple escaped to some obscure Punjab village hoping that the police would fail to shadow them. But the police caught up with them and began to question them. His wife was expecting again and now nearing her time. The Sikh sent the and now nearing her time. The Sikh sent the little boy to his mother and took his wife to a sugarcane field.He made her as comfortable as he could in a pit while he lay with a gun, waiting for the police determined not to lose her while he was alive. In the pit he delivered her with his own hands. The next day she ran high fever. and in three days she was dead. He had not dared to take her to the hospital. He was so afraid the social workers and the polices would take her away. How were women viewed? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Women were viewed as property. It was BELIEVED BRAVERY LAY in the ability to protect the possession of women. | |
| 1397. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: What" recovering" women meant Here is the experience of a couple,reconted by Prakash Tandon in his Punjabi Century an autobiographical social history of colonial Punjab: In one instance ,a Sikh youth who had run amuck during the Partition persuaded a massacring crowld ot let him take away a young beautiful Muslim girl. They got married,and slowly fell in love with each other , Gradually, memories of her parents, who had been killed and her former life faded. They were happy together,and a little body was born. Soon however, social workers and the police, labouring assiduously to recover abducted women began to track down the couple. They made inquiries in the Sikh's home-district of Jalandhar he got scent of it and the family ran awayto Calcuta. The social workers reached Calcutta Meanwhile ,the couple's friends tried to obtain a stay-order from the court but the law was taking its ponderous course From Calcutta the couple escaped to some obscure Punjab village hoping that the police would fail to shadow them. But the police caught up with them and began to question them. His wife was expecting again and now nearing her time. The Sikh sent the and now nearing her time. The Sikh sent the little boy to his mother and took his wife to a sugarcane field.He made her as comfortable as he could in a pit while he lay with a gun, waiting for the police determined not to lose her while he was alive. In the pit he delivered her with his own hands. The next day she ran high fever. and in three days she was dead. He had not dared to take her to the hospital. He was so afraid the social workers and the polices would take her away. On what dark aspect does this excerpt throw light? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :This excerpt narrated that those who STOOD for the recovery of the women were caillous. They did not CARE about the feelings that caused them more trouble than any concrete HELP. | |
| 1398. |
How was agriculture organised around two majorseasonal cycles duringthe 16th and 17th seasonal cycles during the 16th and 17th centuries ? Was it only for subsistence or otherwise ? Explain . |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Agriculture was organized around two major seasonal cycles, the KHARIF (autumn)and the rabi (spring) .Thisensured an enormous variety of produce for instance . (ii)We are told inthe Ain that the Mughalprovinces of Agra produced 39 varieties ofbasicstaples did notmean that agriculture in medieval India was only for subsistence. (iv)Crops such as cotton and sugarcane were jins-i-kamil PAR excellence. This shows how subsistence and commercial productions were closely intertwined in an average peasant.s holding. During theseventeenth centuryseveral new crops from different parts of the worldreached the Indian subcontinent. Vegetables LIKE tomatoes, POTATOES and chillies were introduced from the new world at this TIME as were furits like the pineapple and the papaya |
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| 1399. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: What" recovering" women meant Here is the experience of a couple,reconted by Prakash Tandon in his Punjabi Century an autobiographical social history of colonial Punjab: In one instance ,a Sikh youth who had run amuck during the Partition persuaded a massacring crowld ot let him take away a young beautiful Muslim girl. They got married,and slowly fell in love with each other , Gradually, memories of her parents, who had been killed and her former life faded. They were happy together,and a little body was born. Soon however, social workers and the police, labouring assiduously to recover abducted women began to track down the couple. They made inquiries in the Sikh's home-district of Jalandhar he got scent of it and the family ran awayto Calcuta. The social workers reached Calcutta Meanwhile ,the couple's friends tried to obtain a stay-order from the court but the law was taking its ponderous course From Calcutta the couple escaped to some obscure Punjab village hoping that the police would fail to shadow them. But the police caught up with them and began to question them. His wife was expecting again and now nearing her time. The Sikh sent the and now nearing her time. The Sikh sent the little boy to his mother and took his wife to a sugarcane field.He made her as comfortable as he could in a pit while he lay with a gun, waiting for the police determined not to lose her while he was alive. In the pit he delivered her with his own hands. The next day she ran high fever. and in three days she was dead. He had not dared to take her to the hospital. He was so afraid the social workers and the polices would take her away. How did a Sikh marry a Muslim girl? What kind of family did she have? |
| Answer» Solution :During the PARTITION a SIKH youth became the victim of massacaring crowd, but he survived. He saw a beautiful Muslim girl and fell in love with her.Soon they got married and were blessed with a little baby They all TOGETHER lived a HAPPY life. | |
| 1400. |
Explain briefly any five striking features about the location of Vijayanagara. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The river Tungabhadra flows in the north - easterly direction and surrounded by charming GRANITE hills. (ii) Many streams flow down from mountains and merged with the river, Tungabhadra. (iii) On these streams, embankments were built to form water reservoirs of different sizes. (iv) Vijayanagara was among the most arid zones of SOUTHERN PENINSULA, most elaborate arrangement were made to STORE rainwater. (v) Tanks and canals constructed to store rainwater. For example, (a) Kamalapuram water tank not only irrigated fields but also conducted through a channel to the royal centre. (vi) Hiriya canal, built by rulers of the Sangama dynasty, was the most IMPORTANT source of irrigation. |
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