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Correct OPTION is (a) True

Explanation: Chikungunya is a viral DISEASE caused by the Chikungunya virus. It is transmitted to humans by INFECTED mosquitoes mainly Aedes aegypti. Its SYMPTOMS include severe MUSCULAR and joint pain, fever, headache, vomiting and rashes.

The correct option is (d) Dengue and Yellow Fever

For explanation: Flavivirus group causes Dengue and Yellow fever. This VIRUS spreads through TICKS and MOSQUITOES. Aedes aegypti MOSQUITO spreads dengue fever, while Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes ACT as vectors for yellow fever.

Right option is (a) BLOOD vessels become fragile

Best explanation: Fragile blood vessels are not the symptom of Classic Dengue FEVER, instead it is a symptom of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever(DHF). It is a fatal form of dengue fever which starts with fever, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, cold extremities with haemorrhagic SPOTS, internal bleeding leading to blood in stools, URINE and vomiting.

Correct choice is (C) 27 March 2014

The best explanation: On 27 March 2014, the World Health Organisation declared INDIA a polio-free country. Polio eradication programme BEGAN internationally in 1988. It was INITIATED in India in 1995.

Correct choice is (d) Limbs

Best explanation: Poliovirus generally affects the Motor Pathway of the neurons. It CAUSES atrophy of muscles which affect the voluntary muscles of limbs and RESULTING in deformities. But, if the muscles of Diaphragm, Larynx and Pharynx are AFFECTED, it is ALWAYS FATAL.

Right CHOICE is (a) Motor PATHWAY

The best EXPLANATION: During the paralytic stage, motor nerves are affected resulting in atrophy of MUSCLES, generally of arms and legs but MAY affect those of diaphragm, larynx and pharynx. So, Motor Pathway is affected during the paralysis of muscles.

Right option is (d) It spreads through mosquito bites

Explanation: Polio disease mainly spreads through intestinal DISCHARGES like the FAECES. It MAY also spread through contaminated food or water and by flies or other insects which contaminate food or drink. Poliovirus usually enters the body through the alimentary CANAL where it multiplies and then reaches the nervous system via bloodstream.

Correct option is (c) Inability to bend the head forward

Easiest explanation: The EARLIEST SIGN of Polio is the inability to bend the head forward. However, the attack of PARALYSIS begins with high fever, headache, chills, vomiting and pain all over the body. Within 2-3 days the paralysis reaches its MAXIMUM.

Correct option is (b) 100% fatal

For EXPLANATION I would say: Rabies is 100% fatal if neurological SYMPTOMS have DEVELOPED like violent movements, uncontrolled EXCITEMENT, inability to move the parts of the body, confusion and loss of consciousness. Once these symptoms APPEAR, the result is always death.

Correct choice is (d) 10 days-1 YEAR

Explanation: Rhabdo virus is introduced in the body by the bite of rabid or mad dogs usually. It can ALSO be INJECTED by the bite of CATS, wolves etc. The incubation period of this virus is from 10 days to one year.

The correct choice is (B) Fear of Water

To elaborate: Rabies is commonly called as hydrophobia which means Fear of Water. Therefore, Fear of Water is the most important characteristic symptom of Rabies. Other SYMPTOMS include excess salivation, SEVERE headache, ALTERNATING phases of excitement and depression.

Right answer is (B) Shingles

The explanation is: The most common late complication of Chicken POX is Shingles which is caused by the reactivation of Varicella zoster virus. Shingles CAUSE the APPEARANCE of painful rashes which appear as a STRIPE of blisters on the trunk or the back.

Correct option is (a) True

For explanation I would say: Rashes first appear on the BODY and then on the face in CHICKEN Pox disease. The rash comes out in crop and with each fresh crop, there may be slight fever again. Rashes change into Papules-vesicles without fluid and then into pustules and finally into a dark brown scab which FALLS off leaving no SCAR.

The correct choice is (b) Edward JENNER

The explanation is: Edward Jenner is the Father of IMMUNOLOGY. He DISCOVERED the Small Pox vaccine in 1796. Dmitry Ivanovsky is known as the Father of Virology. Erik Acharius is the Father of Lichenology. FRANCESCO Redi is the Father of Parasitology.

The correct choice is (d) 1980

Easiest explanation: The LAST known case of SMALL Pox was in 1977. HOWEVER, the world was DECLARED Small Pox free in 1980 by the World Health Organisation.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) Attenuated Vaccine

To explain: Small POX vaccine is an Attenuated Vaccine. Attenuated Vaccines are made by weakening the virulent properties of the pathogen. These vaccines PROVIDE Artificial Active Immunity and vaccination is the best preventive remedy for Small Pox.

Right answer is (a) VARIOLA VIRUS

To explain: Variola virus causes SMALL POX disease. Varicella zoster, Rubeola and Rhabdo viruses cause Chicken Pox, Measles and Rabies respectively.

Right OPTION is (b) Leprosy and Tuberculosis

The best I can explain: Leprosy is CAUSED by MYCOBACTERIUM leprae BACTERIUM and tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium.

The correct choice is (a) Stiffness of NECK

The EXPLANATION: Stiffness of neck is the first symptom of TETANUS. Then there is difficulty in swallowing and chewing. Subsequently, spasms of muscles of the jaw and face take place. There is SEVERE pain. It is often fatal disease.

Correct option is (c) Anti TETANUS Serum

The explanation is: ATS stands for Anti Tetanus Serum INJECTION. It should be ADMINISTERED within 48 HOURS of injury if the person has not had a tetanus shot in the past five years because Clostridium TETANI enter in the blood through any wound or cut.

The correct choice is (a) True

For explanation I WOULD say: EXOTOXINS are toxins which are RELEASED by bacteria into the surrounding medium while Endotoxins are the toxins released by the bacteria into its own body and when it BURSTS, then toxins ENTER into the medium.

The correct choice is (d) Clostridium botulinum

Easiest explanation: Clostridium botulinum COMMONLY causes food poisoning in HUMAN beings. Clostridium tetani and Clostridium perfringes CAUSE tetanus and GANGRENE RESPECTIVELY. Clostridium butyricum is a great prebiotic for our gut and maintains the health of our brain.

Right answer is (b) DDS (diamino-diphenyl sulphone)

Easy EXPLANATION: DDS (diamino-diphenyl sulphone) is commonly given to patients suffering from LEPROSY. Ibuprofen is used to TREAT inflammation, pain and fever. CIPROFLOXACIN is given to patients suffering from typhoid fever and Isotretinoin is an antibiotic used to treat SEVERE form of acne.

Right choice is (a) Hansen

Explanation: Leprosy was first discovered by Hansen and that’s why it is COMMONLY KNOWN as Hansen’s disease. Karl Joseph Eberth was the first person to discover typhoid, Robert Koch was the first person to discover TUBERCULOSIS and Dr JAY Levy’s group PLAYED an important role in the discovery of HIV.

Correct option is (c) Bacillus Calmette–Guérin

Easiest EXPLANATION: The full FORM of BCG vaccine is Bacillus Calmette–Guérin. It is an attenuated vaccine. It is commonly used for the PREVENTION of TUBERCULOSIS disease. It is generally given between birth to SIX months of the baby.

Right choice is (c) Xenopsylla

Easiest explanation: Plague spreads from rat through rat flea-Xenopsylla. They carry the pathogen Yersinia pestis. When the INFECTED rats die, the fleas LEAVE their body and can EVEN bite the man and inject plague germs into his/her blood.

Right choice is (c) TYPHOID

The explanation: Perforation of the mucosa of the intestine is the CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOM of Typhoid. The person can also bleed to death, therefore typhoid is a FATAL DISEASE.

The correct choice is (a) Mycobacterium leprae causes TYPHOID

Explanation: Salmonella typhi causes typhoid disease. It is a gram-negative bacterium. These PATHOGENS generally ENTER the small INTESTINE through contaminated food and water and migrate to other organs through blood.

Correct answer is (b) Widal Test

The explanation is: Widal Test is used to confirm TYPHOID Fever. SCHICK Test is used to confirm Diphtheria, PAP Smear Test is used to detect CERVICAL CANCER and Tourniquet Test is used to diagnose Dengue fever.

Correct option is (a) DPT vaccine

Easiest explanation: DPT vaccine is the COMBINED vaccine GIVEN to children for protection against tetanus, whooping COUGH and DIPHTHERIA. D here stands for Diphtheria, P here stands for Pertussis (Whooping Cough) and T stands for Tetanus. DPT vaccine should be given within 6 weeks of the birth of the BABY.

Right choice is (d) Tetanospasmin

The best EXPLANATION: Clostridium tetani releases Tetanospasmin which is a neurotoxin, acting on the neuromuscular junctions and thus causing PARALYSIS of the MUSCLES. It causes SEVERE pain and is FATAL.

The correct option is (b) Below 5 YEARS

To explain I would say: Diphtheria commonly affects children below the age group of 5 years. Its symptom includes sore throat, chills with MILD fever, VOMITING and headache. Throat or tonsils show a grey MEMBRANE which may spread down and cause HOARSENESS and difficulty in breathing.

The correct choice is (b) Whooping cough

Easy EXPLANATION: Whooping cough is commonly known as Kali Khasi. TETANUS, LEISHMANIA and Typhoid are commonly known as Lock Jaw disease, Kala Azar and ENTERIC Fever respectively.

Right choice is (d) Blood in faeces

Easiest explanation: PNEUMONIA OCCURS due to the accumulation of fluid in alveoli. Its symptoms include FEVER, Chills, headache, cough, and LIPS and nails turn bluish. However, blood in faeces does not OCCUR in Pneumonia.

Right answer is (C) PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccine

The best explanation: Pneumococcal vaccine is a conjugated vaccine used for the prevention of pneumonia. Salk vaccine, BCG vaccine and TAB vaccine are used for the prevention of Polio, Tuberculosis and Typhoid RESPECTIVELY.

Correct option is (d) Health Insurance

The best explanation: Genetic DISORDERS are the deficiencies or the defects with which a child is born or INHERITS them from parents. Infections are also a disease caused by the invasion of microorganisms. Life Style includes how much exercise we do DAILY and how much healthy do we eat every DAY. So Genetic Disorders, Infections and Lifestyle AFFECT our health.

Right option is (c) Obesity

The explanation: Degenerative DISEASES are those diseases which are caused by AGEING RESULTING in MALFUNCTIONING or decreased deficiency. For example-Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease ETC.

Right answer is (b) False

Easiest explanation: Excess or deficiency of chromosomes, mutations, harmful alleles are the genetic agents which CAUSE diseases. These agents cause diseases LIKE COLOUR blindness, albinism, haemophilia, Turner’s SYNDROME ETC.

Right answer is (b) Sickle-cell ANAEMIA

For EXPLANATION: Sickle-cell anaemia is a congenital disease. Congenital diseases are contracted before birth DUE to chromosomal abnormalities or gene mutations or defect in development. Goitre and Kwashiorkor are caused due to deficiency of an essential ELEMENT while Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease.

The correct option is (a) Droplet Infection

To explain I would say: Infectious diseases are TRANSMITTED from ONE person to another by droplet infection, direct contact with infected persons, animal BITE, contact with SOIL or by transplacental transmission.

The correct option is (c) RADIATIONS

The best I can EXPLAIN: Radiations are physical agents that cause disease along with electricity, pressure, HEAT, cold, etc. Mycoplasma, virus and fungi are biological agents or pathogens that cause various DISEASES.

Correct option is (a) True

Easy EXPLANATION: Diseases can be grouped into INFECTIOUS and non-infectious diseases. Those diseases which can be transmitted by blood, SERUM or any other body FLUID are CALLED infectious diseases and those diseases which cannot be transmitted from patients to other people are called as non-infectious diseases.