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1. The total dried biomass of living organisms present in a given environment. 

2. A species or living organism only capable of living within a narrow temperature range. 

3. The specific area where an organism inhabits.

According to Rivet Popper hypothesis by Paul Ehlrich describes the effect of loss of biodiversity on ecosystem. Removal of rivets (species) by passengers on a plane may not affect safety of flight initially but as more and more rivets are removed, it becomes weak. Removal of rivets of a critical part like wing (species performing major ecosystem functions) will pose a very serious immediate threat to the safety of the flight. In an ecosystem various species act as rivets and role of each species is important and well defined.

The correct option is B. Methane

D. Corena and Lens

The correct option is  A. Cresol

(D) Cornea and Lens

(i) Epididymis : Inside the scrotum and posterior to the testis. 

(ii) Lacrirnal glands : At the upper sideward portion of the orbit of eyes. 

(iii) Malleus : In the middle ear between the tympanic membrane and the incus. 

(iv) Hydathodes : On the edges and tips of leaves. 

(v) Pulmonary semilunar valves : At the opening of right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. 

(A) Cresol is objects and surfaces in our surroundings to kill germs:

(i) Urochrome 

(ii) Dura mater 

(iii) Hypertonic

(iv) Pholem 

(v) Hydrogen

(i) Odd one : X-rays 

Category : Others are water pollutants. 

(ii) Odd one : Pericardium 

Category : Others are found in blood vessels. 

(iii) Odd one : Spinal cord 

Category : Others ate Part of neuron. 

(iv) Odd one : Centrosome 

Category : Others are found in a plant cell. 

(v) Odd one : Seminiferous tubules 

Category : others are accessory glands of human male reproductive system

(i) The state of the cell is Plasmolysed. 

(ii) Cell membrane.

(iii) 

1. Cell wall 

2. Strong sugar solution 

3. Cell membrane 

4. Nucleus. 

(iv) By putting it in hypotonic solution/water. The scientific term for the recovery of the cell is deplasmolysis. 

(v) 

(i) Cell wall 

(ii) Vacuole.

Methane is a Greenhouse gas.

(i) Air pollution 

(ii) Gases emitted from factories, industries and automobile exhausts. 

(iii) Air pollution causes respiratory problems and lung disorders like bronchitis. It also leads to poor visibility and asthma. 

(iv) Installation of tall chimneys in factories and chimneys should be fitted with filters and electrostatic precipitators. 

(v) CFC(chlorofluorocarbon)

(i) Air pollution 

(ii) Smoke from vehicles / harmful gases from industries 

(iii) so2 causes bronchitis, Lead causes blood cell shortage, Smog leads to asthma and poor visibility, Oxides of nitrogen decreases oxygen carrying capacity of blood. 

(iv) Use of lead free petrol and CNG 

(v) Chloroflourocarbon

(i) Noise pollution. 

(ii) Automobiles and road transport, jet aeroplanes, loudspeakers, radio and musical hands. 

(iii) Nervous irritability, damage of eardrum, disturbs piece of mind. 

(iv) The agents that cause pollution is called Pollutant. 

(v) Pesticides, Styrofoam, Chemical fertilizers, domestic and industrial wastes.

(i) Normal pale yellow colour of the urine is due to the presence of the pigment Urochrome. 

(ii) The outermost layer of Meninges is Dura mater. 

(iii) The cell sap of root hair is Hypertonic. 

(iv) Phloem transports starch from the leaves to all parts of the plant body. 

(v) Hydrogen bonds are present between the complementary nitrogenous bases of DNA.

(i) X-rays (Chemical pollutants)

(ii) Lumen (All others are connective tissues)

(iii) Spinal cord (Parts of nerve cell)

(iv) Centrosome (Organelles in Plant cell)

(v) Seminiferous tubules (Others are Accessory glands in male reproductive system)

(i) Blood in renal artery 

(ii) Endolymph 

(iii) Lenticels 

(iv) Blood in pulmonary artery 

(v) Air pollution

(i) Blood in renal artery 

(ii) Endolymph 

(iii) Lenticels 

(iv) Choroid layer 

(v) Blood in the Pulmonary artery

(i) Air pollution

(ii) Smoke from vehicles

(iii) Air pollution results in respiratory problems, lung disorders etc.

(iv) (A) Use of unleaded petrol and of CNG.

(A) Switching off automobile engines at red lights and when not in use.

(v) CFC's (chlorofluorocarbons) released from refrigerators, aerosol-sprayers etc.

(B) Methane is a Greenhouse gas?

(i) Renalartery

(ii) Endolymph

(iii) Lenticels

(iv) Choroid layer

(v) Pulmonary artery

Normal pale yellow colour of the urine is due to the presence of the pigment Urochrome

Hydrogen bonds

Diffusion are in direct contact.

Tropic hormones

(i)  WHO - World Health Organization

(ii) FAD - Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

(iii) DNA - Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid.

(iv) ATP - Adenosine Tri Phosphate 

(v) NADP - Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

The different forms of ammonia:

Gaseous ammonia(dry ammonia gas)

Liquid ammonia

Liquor ammonia fortis

Laboratory bench reagent

(a) Ammonia is basic in nature.

(b) Copper oxide because CuO is less reactive can be reduced by C, CO or by hydrogen whereas Al₂O₃, Na₂O, MgO are reduced by electrolysis.

(a) Ammonia is less dense than air. 

(b) By Fountain Experiment we demonstrate the high solubility of ammonia gas in water.

(c) Balanced equation for the reaction between ammonia and sulphuric acid is:

2NH₃ + H₂SO₄ →  (NH₄)₂SO₄

(C) They are metallic in nature

Tricuspid valve- Between right auricle and right ventricle.

The number of C-H bonds in ethane molecule are Six.

Amnion-Around the embryo in uterus and inner to chorion.

(i)

(ii) Four activities of the Red Cross : 

1. Provides medical aid and relief to victims of natural calamities like flood, famine, earthquake etc. 

2. Provide blood and medical aid to wounded soldiers during war. 

3. Organize workshop to create awareness among people to prevent accidents. 

4. Trans mid wives

(C) an addition reaction

The unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo an addition reaction.

Yellow spot- On the horizontal median axis of eye ball in retina.

Hypertrichosis and baldness.

Thyroid gland : In the neck region at the base of larynx.

Seminal vesicle- Lobulated glands located between the posterior surface of the urinary bladder and the rectum.

According to the law of segregation, the two members of a pair of factors separate during the formation of gametes. They do not mix or blend with each other but separate completely and go to different gametes.

Adrenal gland - On top of each kidney as a cap.

(i) 1. Monohybrid Cross: A cross between two parents taking the alternative traits of one single character. For example, a cross between tall and dwarf pea plants. 

2. Gene: Genes are the basic unit of heredity and are found on chromosomes. Each character or trait is controlled by one gene. 

3. Phenotype: The observable character which is genetically controlled. 

(ii) Two sex linked diseases in males are : Haemophilia and Colour blindness. 

(iii) Mendel’s Law of Segregation: When Mendel performed cross-pollination between a true-breeding yellow pea plant and a true-breeding green pea plant, he noticed that all of the resulting offspring, F₁ generation, were green. 

He then allowed all of the green F₁ plants to self pollinate. He referred to these off spring as the F₂ generation. Mendel noticed a 3 : 1 ratio in pod color. About 3/4th of the F₂ plants had green pea pods and about 1/4th had yellowpods. 

From these experiments Mendel formulated what is now known as Mendel’s law of segregation. This law states that “allele pairs separate or segreagate during gamete formulation, and randomly unite at fertilization.

(i) Sunlight 

(ii) Plant is kept in a dark room before conducting the experiment, to destarch it. 

(iii) 1. In the boiling water, it was kept to kill the cells. 2. In the methylated spirit, it was kept to dissolve the chlorophyll. 

(iv) Iodine is used to test for presence of starch in the leaf. 

(v) On treating the leaf with iodine solution it shows that the portion of leaf covered with the strip of black paper does not give positive test for starch. The covered portion of leaf indicates the absence of starch after iodine test because it couldnot get light to perform photosynthesis. Hence it is proved that in the absence of light the leaf can not manufacture the starch.