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A. Indulal Yagnik

The First Five Year Plan focused on agriculture.

Planning Commission was set up to dissolve the divisions of caste and religion, community and region and other disruptive tendencies.

• In August 1953 the States Reorganisation Commission was appointed on the basis of linguistic principle.
• It created 14 States and 6 Union territories.

States Reorganisation: Commission set up to address the issue of formation of states on the basis of linguistic principle

In August 1953 the States Reorganisation Commission was appointed with Fazl Ali, K.M.Panikkar and Hridaynath Kunzru.

C) States Reorganisation Commission

D) All the above

Correct option is B) 1,3,4, 2

A) The experience of suppression of Jewish minority in Nazi army

A) L.B. Shastri

The following areas of India were under French rule: Pondicherry, Karaikal (Tamil Nadu), Mahe (Kerala), Yanam (Andhra Pradesh) and Chandra nagar (West Bengal).

D. On 31^st October, 1954

Comptroller and Auditor – General A person in charge of the accounts of the Union and of the States.

Correct option is B) 1966

C) Sheik Muhammad Abdullah

A. 14 states and 6 union territories

The Telugu speaking community of Madras (group-A state) launched a strong protest for their own separate state. The government accepted their demand. So on 1^st October, 1953, Andhra Pradesh was formed as a new state on linguistic basis.

1. Madras

2. Andhra Pradesh

3. Fazal Ali

4. parliament

5. 14, 6

6. language

7. Marathi, Gujarati

8. Law College

9. Indulal Yagnik, 1956

10. 1960

A) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c

D. On 1^st October, 1953

One party dominance means the party not only win in elections either in state or in central, but also it has in term of ideology. Due to the following reason. 

Internally, the Congress party has small groups.

This is the benefit to the Congress party. Because the groups took different positions on various issues depending on the interests of the members. This made the Congress appear as it was a party representing diverse interests and positions. This also acts as an inbuilt corrective mechanism with in the ruling party.

1. Many measures were taken to bring in socio-economic change during the initial years after independence. 

2. The Planning Commission was set up. 

3. The First five Year Plan focussed on agriculture. 

4. The components of socio-economic change were 

a) land reforms 

b) agriculture cooperatives 

c) local self-government. 

5. Planners felt that it was essential to develop industries and increase employment in service sectors. 

6. In Second Five Year Plan focus shifted to industries.

7. Three types of land reforms were contemplated. 

a) Abolition of Zamindari System, 

b) Tenancy reforms and land ceilings. 

8. Co-operatives were to bring economies of scale and also provide valuable inputs. 

9. Dams were constructed and were useful to both the agriculture and Industrial sectors.

D) Electronic voting machines were used.

D. Dr Jivraj Mehta

D) West Bengal

B) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c

1. Many of the Samyukta Vidhayak Dal governments were short-lived.

2. Their life was marked by defections and corruptions. 

3. Power seems to be the only thing united them. 

4. These governments had nothing to showcase. 

5. Even today, the regional or state parties are evaluated from this standpoint.

The new governments are an important marker in India’s political history because it was in a way the first democratic upsurge. It was for the first time the intermediate castes; the groups who had first benefitted from the land reforms and acquired some degree of economic standing gained political power. They were the dominant castes in their respective states and also had a significant numerical presence.

Many of these SVD governments were short-lived. Their life was marked by defections and corruption. Power seemed to be the only thing that united them. These governments had nothing to showcase.

Green Revolution in India is compulsory because. 

1.  To meet the needs of the increasing population by increasing food production. 
2.  To use better water management.

1. In the first three general elections in 1952,1957 and 1962 the Congress Party won and led to single party dominance. 

2. It was a kind of undemocratic situation marked by the absence of other political parties. 

3. To strengthen the democratic foundations multi-party system emerged. 

4. It almost checked the single party dominance of Congress. 

5. The oppositions started critisizing the government. 

6. People now have chance to choose the right party. 

7. Multi-party system strengthens the constitutional frame work and democracy.

India adopted Universal Adult Franchise at one go.

1. Land reforms were however implemented in a half-hearted manner across India. 

2. While the Zamindari system was abolished, redistribution of land to the landless did not take place.

3. The rich and powerful in the rural areas continued to control most of the land. 

4. The Dalits continued to be landless but benefited from the abolition of forced labour and abolition of untouchability.

Land ceilings : Central government set a limit to the size of landholding and redistributing the excess land to the poor.

Correct option is B) Chennai

Election Commission used the symbols from daily life for visual identification.

Correct option is C) illiteracy

The first elections were difficult as most people did not know how to read and write.

The Constituent Assembly had called for social, economic and political justice and equality of status and opportunity as its agenda. 

1. For that the Planning Commission was set up within a month. The First Five Year Plan focussed on agriculture. 

2. The strategy favoured by Nehru and finally adopted included three components. 

1.  Landforms 
2.  Agricultural co-operatives 
3.  Local Self Government 

3. Three types of land reforms were contemplated: 

1.  Abolition of Zamindari system 
2.  Tenancy reforms and 
3.  Land Ceilings. 

4. Local self-government would ensure that the land reforms were carried out and the cooperatives run according to the collective interests of the village. 

5. Dams were constructed and were useful to both the agriculture and industrial sector. 

6. The Second Five Year Plan shifted emphasis to industries. As a result, the service sector also would develop.

Regional parties: The parties which secure at least 4% of valid votes In a state In general elections either to Lok Sabha or Vidhana.

Zamindari system: The system wherein Zamindar collected land revenue, on behalf of Mughal emperors and received a share of collected revenue.

1. This opinion of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is very much true. 

2. As everyone has his right tp vote and each vote has the same value, we can say that there is political equality.

3. As there is discrimination in many aspects, social equality is becoming a question 

4. As there are wide inequalities in incomes of the people, there is no economic equality. 

5. These inequalities need to be addressed at the earliest possible moment.

A) Tamil Nadu

1. The partition of India created a lot of insecurity in the minds of the people. 

2. How to maintain the integrity of the country became a burning topic.

3. There was a fear that the language reorganization would lead to breakup of the country. 

4. But state reorganization committee was established. 

5. Reorganization Act was passed in 1956. 

6. Our leaders took initiative in this direction and regional languages were recognized as state official language. 

7. English was given the status of communicating language. 

8. Hence linguistic reorganization did not create any problem.

Opinion on Paragraph: 

The given paragraph says that our country was divided on the basis of religion. So some doubts are created about the security and stability of India. Language reorganisation was another fear. Congress promised to restructure the country on the lines of language.

Everyone knows that India was divided and Pakistan was formed on the basis of religion. Bengal and Punjab were divided into East Bengal – West Bengal and East Punjab – West Punjab. East Bengal became East Pakistan and West Punjab became West Pakistan. In 1970s East Pakistan declared itself independence after the war. Then Bangladesh was formed. The two newly formed countries are of the Muslim majority. Many leaders are afraid about the security and stability of the country. In Pakistan and Bangladesh, a few Hindus are there and in India there are Muslims. Now the position of Hindus in Pakistan and Bangladesh is worst. They have no minority status and rights, but in India minorities are given special attention under Article 29 and 30. The demand of language based reorganisation was also a problem. At last the States Reorganisation Committee worked out and the States are formed based on the language. Though the States are formed based on language, nothing was weakened as expected but it helped India integrated. Based on the language someone is a Tamilian or Telanganite, he/she is an Indian. Such a feeling is there in all the states. There is a criticism that tribal languages are ignored but they also live in the states safely.

Besides religion, language is also a predominant issue. In erstwhile Andhra Pradesh the language problem was there. Andhra language is greater than Telangana was a feeling. In cinemas, books, cultural programmes and songs Telangana language was degraded and humiliated in many ways. It has become one of the reasons for Telangana separate state movement. Finally, separate Telangana was formed.

In conclusion, I would say, whatever the religion or language is everyone is a human being first next he/she is an Indian. Religion is one’s personal. One can follow the religion he/she likes. The feeling such as one’s religion is greater than others, destroys and destructs the other. Gradually it degrades the country at international level. We hope and wish universal brotherhood. We got independence with lot of stress and strain. We should not spoil its spirit.

B. On 1^st May, 1960

C. Ravishankar Maharaj

Answer is C. In 1960

Correct option is B) China