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Phases of formulation of People’s Republic of China : 

Chiang Kai Shek was a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975. Chiang was an influential member of the Chinese Nationalist Party, as well as a close ally of Sun Yat Sen. Chiang served as the chairman of the National Government of the Republic of China, he helped in promoting traditional Chinese culture and rejected both capitalism and western democracy. Ever since Chiang’s government betrayed the nation, the people of China found themselves in a situation of deep water and intense heat. Mao Zedong came to the rescue and is known as the founding father of the People’s Republic of China which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China. On October 1, 1949, Mao proclaimed the foundation of the People’s Republic of China. Over the years, he solidified his control through land reforms and through campaigns against landlords.

(i) Nivarthana Prakshobham

(ii) Vaikom Satyagraha

(iii) Guruvayur Satyagraha

(iv) Temple Entry Proclamation in Travancore

Satyajit Ray was shooting a film entitled ‘Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne’ in which he was to shoot with a tiger. They did not know from where the tiger might be arranged. Then, he got the news that he could find one in Bharat circus. So they approached the circus. Mr. Thorat was the ringmaster in the circus. Mr. Thorat brought the tiger which was to come out of the bamboo grove. The tiger brought there was to come out into an open space, pace gently for a while, look at the camera if possible and then go back. Mr. Thorat arranged it but the tiger started prancing around with great enthusiasm. It was difficult to control the tiger. It jumped and rolled about dragging the poor trainer. After some time, the tiger calmed down and he took a few shots but it was too dark so the shots were not clear. That’s why there was a retake after some time. Now, the tiger walked calmly back to his trainer. Thus, he was able to take proper shots.

(a) They regulate functions of other gland and play important role in endocrine system.

(b) Function of ACTH : Control the activity of adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoid and mineralo-corticoid. 

Function of TSH : Stimulates thyroid gland.

(c) GTH stimulates testes and ovaries to release testosterone and estrogen respectively. 

(a) Spirit converts into gaseous form due to evaporation which commonly occurs in everyday life. 

(b) Water has a high specific heat capacity. The major part of our body is comprised of water, so change in atmospheric temperature do not affect human body instantly. 

(c) Because it is not pure water but solution of other molecules, importantly sugar. A solution always has a lower freezing point than pure water.

Aristotle is known as the father of Political Science.

(a) • The synthesis of proteins that help in the clotting of blood fails.

• Excess bleeding even through minor wounds.

(b) Sickle cell anaemia.

Coordinates of the 

Vertex B = (6, 3)

Vertex C = (0, 3)

(a) Restriction endonuclease.

(b) DNA ligase.

Correct option (b) Co-operative Banks

I. In the past, the women or girls in the family usually did all the house work. 

II. Certain household works that were not done by men in the past were washing up, preparing breakfast or attending the baby. 

III. The whole family supported the view that the male child could not or should not clean, mend, wash, cook or make beds. 

IV. The things are different now because doctors, barrister or managers find nothing shameful in putting on an apron to help in the kitchen or nursery and even boast of being good at washing clothes and personal linen. 

V. The reason for the change in men’s attitude towards household work is the shortage of domestic servants as girls either go to school or work in the factories and the house wife has to do all the work with the aid of labour saving machines.

In the above lines, the poet beautifully depicts the inner instincts of a school boy. The poet says that a bird can never sing sweet song when it is caged. In the same way, if a child remains under fear and tension, he can never enjoy the natural happiness. The poet says that if buds are nipped and tender plants are strapped, they can’t grow and bloom. In the same way, the child rose in the fresh and delightful summer morning can’t be happy when his parents force him to go to school where he spends his time in sorrow. The child means that when he is forced to go to school, he can not learn anything at school. He even can’t enjoy the summer and the sweetness of the season because he is forced to go to school. Here, the poet differentiates between the freedom of imagination and repression of young souls in schools. The extract follows an ababb rhyme scheme. There are rhyming words like joy-annoy, sing-wing, spring; nipped-stripped, away-day-dismay, joy-destroy, appearyear. Overall the poem is delightful to read. The poet has made use of alliteration also. For example, blossoms blown, gather...... griefs, etc.

Me : Hello ! Vanka. How are you?

Vanka : Hello. I am fine and you?

Me : I am also fine. Vanka ! where are you coming from ?

Vanka : I am coming from the post office as I was to post a letters to my grandfather.

Me : Oh ! to grand father, why ?

Vanka : In fact I want my grandfather to come here and take me back as I am facing so many hardships here.

My master and mistress are very inhuman. They beat me. They do not give me food properly. So I am unable to bear such hardships any longer.

Me : Oh really ! It is too sad.

Vanka : That’s why I have written and pleaded to my grandfather that I’ll grind his stuff and will pray for him and even he can flog me if I am naughty. But I don’t want to stay here.

Me : OK. Vanka ! What do you expect from your grandfather ?

Vanka : I don’t know what he’ll reply but I am hopeful.

Me : I pray to God to fulfil your desire.

Vanka : Thank you very much.

Dr. R. P. Public School Intimation About Play ‘Adolf’

                                NOTICE

April 25, 20XX

All the teachers and students of Dr. R. P. Public School are hereby informed that the English club of our school is going to stage the play ‘Adolf ’ in the school auditorium on April 30, 20XX.

Timings will be 11 a.m. to 01 p.m.

All are requested to attend the play without fail.

For further queries, please contact the undersigned.

Secretary, XYZ

English club

                               DIARY ENTRY

• Conveys the feelings and emotions of the writer. It is a first person narrative. 

• Highlights the important event/s happened on a particular day. 

• Use expression and broken sentences 

• Never records the routine activities.

Detailed Answer :

1st May 20XX

Dear Diary

Last night was a horrible night for me. It was a hot summer night, the time was 10 O’ clock. I had just returned after my meal at the restaurant. I heard a noise from above as I opened the door. I thought it were rats. The outer room where I was sitting has one wall facing the open yard. There is no ceiling and regular traffic of rats was there. I was looking into the mirror sitting on a table and lots of thoughts were passing through my mind ranging from my smart looks to my marriage, when a noise again came from above. I got up from the seat, but after some time again came back to my seat when suddenly there came a dull thud as if a rubber tube had fallen to the ground. No sooner had I turned than a fat snake wriggled over the back of the chair and landed on my shoulders. The snake coiled around my left arm above the elbow. The hood was spread out and its head was three or four inches from my face. I was horrified and turned to stone, but my mind was active. I sat there like a stone image in the flesh. I was sitting like a rock, else at my slightest movement the snake would have stricken me. After some time by god’s grace the snake unwound itself from my arm and slowly slithered into my lap, from there it crept onto the table and moved away. I heaved a sigh of relief and ran and ran till I reached my friend’s house.

I thank god for saving my life.

Good Night Diary.

I. ‘I’ referred to here is ‘Mother.’ 

II. The speaker compares her life to crystal stair. 

III. The Speaker’s advice to her son that he should work on her footsteps and take inspiration from the fact that she is still going steady despite life’s hardships. 

IV. The impression we get about the speaker from these lines is that life was difficult for her but she worked hard and faced the challenges of life.

MALAYALAM

Total letters = 9

∴ n(s) = 9

No. of A occurs = 4

∴ n(E) = 4

(a) Probability of getting the letter A = Favourable events n(E)/Total everts n(S)

P(E) =4/9

(b) Probability of not getting A = 1 – P(E)

= 1 -4/9

= 5/9

(a) Rate of forward reaction decreases with increase in temperature.

(b) Rate of forward reaction increases when SO₃ is removed.

(c) Rate of forward reaction decreases when pressure is decreased.

(a) At equilibrium both the reactants and products coexist. 

(b) Addition of either Fe (NO₃)₃ solution or KSCN crystals deepens the colour of the solution.

(a) 1 : 3 : 2. 

(b) Since, one molecule of N₂ and three molecules of H₂ produce two molecules of NH₃. 

When 6 Moles of N₂ and 6 moles of H₂ reacte then only 4 moles of NH₃ will be produced because all 6 moles of H₂ will be utilised and 4 moles of N₂ will be Unreactive.

2 N₂ + 6 H₂ ⇌ 4 NH₃

(a) Nucleotide 

(b) A : Phosphate

B : Nitrogen Base

(a) Factors that lead to transformation of normal cells into cancer cells are :

• Environmental factors,

• Smoking,

• Hereditary factors,

• Harmful radiations.

(b) Two methods used in the treatment of cancer are :

(i) Surgery

(ii) Chemotherapy

B : NH₄Cl (s)⇌  NH₃ (g) + HCl (g).

Analgesics..

Think Tank is a living human being from mars whose head is huge and egg shaped. He is of the opinion that he is the most powerful and intelligent creature in the whole universe. So far as his robes are concerned, he wears a long robe decorated with stars and circles. He thinks himself to the ruler of Mars and commands the Mars space control. He owns a crew that has Omega as the captain of the crew, lieutenant Iota and sergeant Qop and apprentice Noodle. He considers books as communication sandwiches because he is from Mars. He is superior in his intelligence and authority so he wants to be appreciated. He boasts of his intelligence and power but decides to evacuate his planet and escape as soon as he gets to know that people from Earth had planned to take control of Mars. He smacks his mirror as it delays in praising him. Thus, he is an interesting character in the story

Correct option (c) Cerebellum – Co-ordinates muscular activities

Carboxylic group : — COOH.

Amino acid..

Correct option (c) Oxygen.

Correct option (b) Gene mapping.

Reasons for the following in a power generator :

(a). Armature is used as a stator

→ As electric energy at high potential, without any insulation problem or sparking can be generated.

(b). Strong electromagnets are used as field magnets .

→ The main advantage of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet is that the magnetic field can be quickly charged by controlling the amount of electric current in the winding.

(c). Three armature coils are arranged at 120° angular separation.

→ To provide phase difference of 120°.

S_n = 2n² + 8n  (Given)

330 = 2n² + 8n

2n² + 8n – 330 = 0

n² + 4n – 165 = 0

n² + 15n – 11n – 165 = 0

n(n + 15) – 11 (n + 15) = 0

(n + 15) (n – 11) = 0

If n + 15 = 0 ⇒ n = – 15   (terms are not negative)

n – 11 = 0 ⇒ n = 11

∴ Hence, total 11 term from starting to be added.

1. Avoid situations that lead to the multiplication of pathogen and vector.

2. Keep surroundings clean.

3. Avoid stagnation of water at home.

4. Wear covered clothing.

12, Model Town

Calicut

April 22, 20XX

Dear Shubhra

I am well here and hope the same for you. I am writing this letter to you to share my feeling about the scholarship Jacket. Here I am writing about my personal experience. It was my dream to get the scholarship Jacket given to the valedictorian of the school. My sister Rosie had won the jacket a few years back. I was one among the eight children raised by my grandfather. Once I heard conversation among the teachers about the scholarship jacket. The history teacher wanted the golden jacket to go to me but the maths teacher wanted to give it to Joann. I went home that day very sad. The next day the principal called me and told that the Board had decided to charge fifteen dollars for the jacket. It was clear that the policy was changed to make Joann the winner. Joann’s father was a member of the board and was very rich. Probably, they thought that I could not pay for it. After reaching home I rushed to the field where my grandfather was working. I told him that fifteen dollars world be charged that year for the jacket. So he should give me the money. But he denied my request and said that if I paid for it, it would not be a scholarship jacket. The next day I met the principal and told him about grandfather’s decision. I was heart broken. The principal then decided to make an exception in my case Thus, finally I got the jacket. No doubt, all is well that ends well. Convey my regards to all our friends . Waiting for your reply.

With regards

Your loving friend

Martha

(i) (a) TT 

(b) tt

(c) Tt 

(d) Tt 

(ii) Tall-3 Dwarf - 1

(i) Polar winds

(ii) Trade winds

(iii) Westerlies.

Local time can be defined as the time based on the meridian through a particular place in contrast to that of the time zone with in which the place is located.

45° E = 45 x 4 = 180 minutes i.e, 3 hours 00 minutes

Time at Greenwich is 10:00 a.m., so, time on 45° E is

10 + 3 hours = 1: 00 p.m. or 1300 hrs

Similarly, in case of 30° W, we have to subtract the time :

10 – 2 hrs = 8:00 a.m.

(a) 10. 

(b) 3s < 3p < 3d. 

(c) B : 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ as completely filled orbitals are more stable

The Evolutionary Theory of the State and its significance: 

The Evolutionary Theory is also known as the sociological or the correct theory of the origin of the State. The Evolutionary Theory is regarded as the true and correct theory regarding the origin of the state. This theory helps in understanding the forces and factors which created the state and historical stage through which it passed. The factors that affect the Evolutionary Theory of the State are: 

(i) Kinship: The state is based on the principle of command and obedience. In earliest stages, the matriarchal and patriarchal societies became the basis of the origin of the state. 

(ii) Magic and religion: In ancient times, people were not civilized and advance. At this stage, man was at the mercy of nature. So he tried to control nature by different practices which later on got the name of magic. With the passage of time, men became priest-kings. Slowly and gradually, religion became a powerful instrument for keeping control over the people. Today, religion plays an important role in various state activities. 

(iii) War and force: War and force played an important role in the development of the state. Whenever force is used, there is a definite purpose for it. In the beginning, force was used to capture animals, and wealth and land of neighbouring tribes. So it can be said that wars in the beginning were fought for economic purposes. Since war became a permanent feature of tribal life, leadership also became permanent. With the passage of time, the tribal states were changed into kingdoms, and in this way, the modern state came into being. The significance of the this theory is that it explains that the State is the product of growth, a slow and steady evolution extending over a long period of time and ultimately shaping itself into a complex structure of a modern State.

Central Vigilance Commission is an apex Indian Government body created in 1964 to address governmental corruption : The Central Vigilance Commission was constituted at national level to prevent corruption in central government offices. In every department, there is a Chief Vigilance Officer.. It has the status of an autonomous body, free of control from any executive authority, charged with monitoring all vigilance activity under the Central Government of India. The Central Vigilance Commission consists of a Central Vigilance Commissioner as the Chairperson; and not more than two Vigilance Commissioners as its Members. Central Vigilance Commission is not an investigating agency. The only investigation carried out by it is that of examining civil works of the government which is done.

(i) Literature played a major role in the growth of nationalism. Many writers, in various vernacular languages, protested against the British rule in India. 

(ii) The writers, through their works, exposed the British exploitation and illustrated the agonies and atrocities of the people of India. 

(iii) Through poetry, novel and drama, the writers showed their resentment and developed among the people a sense of patriotism and dissent towards the foreign dominance. 

(iv) Works of Bharatendu Harishchandra’s Bharat Durdasha, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s Anandamath and Nil Darpan by Dinabandhu Mitra and Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s famous patriotic song, 'Saare Jahan Se Achha, Hindustan Hamara’, instilled in the people the feeling of nationalism. 

(v) Nil Darpan was a Bengali play which depicted the plight of the indigo farmers in Bengal. This play set off farmers' unrest in various parts of the country. 

(vi) Many regional writers also contributed patriotic and nationalistic works to Indian literature.

Formation of : 

(i) Sub- Polar high pressure belt : This zone experiences extreme cold throughout the year. As a result, the air remains chilled under the extreme cold that prevails over the poles, and this contributes to the steady high pressure experienced here. Polar winds blow from the Polar high pressure belts to the sub-polar low pressure belts. They are colder and stronger. They are also called Easterly winds. 

(ii) Sub-Polar low pressure belt : As this zone is close to the Pole, the air is colder here. Though the cold air remains close to the Earth, the air is thrown up due to the rotation of the Earth. As a result, low pressure is experienced all along the region.

Meaning and significance of civic consciousness : 

Civic consciousness is a form of social consciousness co-existing with the concept of citizen. It is a kind of an education in self-government. In other words, civic consciousness is the recognition that each citizen is for the society and the genuine interests of the society are the interest of the citizen. 

Civic consciousness influences the progress of state and society. In the absence of civic consciousness, human beings will become selfish and all the activities will be for their own achievements. This will adversely affect the social life. In such a society, there will be no peace or security. For ensuring the welfare of all and for the reconstruction of the society, civic consciousness has to be developed. It will help in the progress and unity of the State. Because of this all states and societies give very much importance in fostering civic consciousness.

Bureaucracy : It can be defined as a system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by the state officials rather than by elected representatives. Purpose and functions of bureaucracy: 

(i) Implementation of governmental policies and laws : It is the responsibility of the bureaucracy to carry out and implement the policies of the government. 

(ii) Role in policy-formulation : Bureaucracy plays an active role in policy formulation. Civil servants supply the data needed by the political executives for formulating the policies and describe the merits and demerits of each policy. 

(iii) Running administration : To run the day to day administration in accordance with the policies, laws, rules, regulations and decisions of the government is also the key responsibility of the bureaucracy. 

(iv) Advisory function : One of the most important functions of the bureaucracy is to advise the political executives. As qualified, experienced and expert civil servants working in all government departments, they provide expert and professional advice and information to the ministers.

Reasons for increasing government expenditure in India : 

(i) Increase in government expenditure in India has been due to the fact that immediately after independence, the government initiated the planning process in order to achieve faster rate of growth by making huge investments in different economic sectors and also on infrastructure. 

(ii) The expenditure has also increased due to adoption of the principle of welfare state. To maximise people’s welfare, the Government of India also spends a lot on various public welfare activities.

(iii) Huge increase in defence expenditure, largely due to threats from neighbouring countries- is also another reason for increasing government expenditure in India. 

(iv) Grants and aids to the States have been increasing at a rapid rate which has also led to the increase in government expenditure.

Role of democratic system in fostering civic consciousness : 

(i) Inevitable component of civic consciousness. 

(ii) Democracy is a way of life. It fosters co-operation and creates awareness about liberty, equality and rights. 

(iii) Democracy is based on the rule of law. Role of associations in fostering civil consciousness : 

(i) Associations play an important role in empowering people by providing powers and rights to them. 

(ii) Through their activities, they impart civic and political consciousness in the individuals. 

(iii) They play an important role in moulding an individual's thinking and activities. 

(iv) They create awareness among individuals about the environment and human rights.