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Kinds of wounds- Inside wound, lacerated wound, punctured wound, contusion

First Aid for wounds

(a) Placing the patient in a comfortable position. 

(b) Stopping the bleeding, if any. 

(c) Remove any foreign body, if it is easily visible and can be easily removed.

(d) Prevent the entry of germs by applying sterilized dressing like first field or shell dressing. 

(e) Giving rest to the injured part by sling. 

(f) Immobilizing the part, if wound is large or complicated by fracture. 

(g) Treating the patient for shock. 

(h) Sending the patient to nearest hospital. 

Dressing of Wounds 

A wound is cleaned with antiseptic lotion and covered with cotton or gauze piece with medication, before applying the bandage. 

Procedure for Dressing of Wounds: The following procedure is to be adopted while dressing of wounds:- 

(a) Reassure the patient and place him/her in comfortable position. 

(b) Stop the bleeding, remove foreign body and clean the wound with A/S lotion and cotton. 

(c) Apply A/S ointment or powder and cover it with gauze. Select a suitable bandage, start bandaging clock wise from outer aspect to inner aspect by covering 1/3 of previous lining. 

(d) Make the knot away from the wound. 

(e) Bandaging should not be either too tight or loose.

a. NCC creates awareness among youth about the diverse heritage of our country 

b. fosters national integration, despite linguistic, cultural, religious and geographical barriers 

c. helps cadets gain experience, to live together, co-operate and work in harmony with cadets of other states 

d. strengthens unity through the following means: 

e. helps to cultivate ethics and social values values, through which the spirit of unity and value of personal sacrifice are ignited in the minds of the cadets 

f. In a diverse country like ours NCC organises camps and group activities to the cadets to closely watch and participate in the cultural and traditional events of other regions, provides cadets with an opportunity to appreciate each other’s uniqueness and cultivate friendship. 

g. A cadet is trained to give selfless service to society and be available anytime for any national cause. NCC can be described as the nation’s disciplined, trained and motivated young force, available for national service, to provide assistance everywhere, provide future leadership and participation in all walks of life.

Duties of Various Communication Sub-departments. Further communication department is divided into three sub departments viz. Tactical, Radio and Special. The responsibility of each of three sub departments is given below :-

(a) Tactical Fleet work, Visual Signalling, cryptography (offline) and traffic handling.

(b) Radio Radio telegraphy, automatic telegraphy, radio telephony,

(c) cryptography (online) and traffic handling. Special Electronic warfare and traffic handling.

Land based- mountaineering, rock climbing, trekking 

Water based- sailing expedition, white water rafting, scuba diving, river crossing 

Air based- Parasailing.

Safety tips advised by the Parasail Safety Council are: 

(a) Make sure you parasail with a fully licensed (state and local) company operating from a well-established location insured by a licensed insurance company. 

(b) Only parasail with established business operators after asking relevant questions like how long they have been in business, if there business permits are current with the city and if the operator on-board is a licensed Captain. 

(c)  Avoid parasailing in high wind conditions (over 15 knots at sea level) due to an increased difficulty and complications during emergency water landings. 

(d) Keep visibility factor in mind - Never go up in rain fog or an approaching storm. 

(e) Parasailing is not recommended for individuals under the age of 16 or exceed 300 lbs.

(f) Make certain that you get adequate safety briefing prior to your flight including, (a) a description of the activity itself, (b) safety procedures in the event of an unexpected emergencies, (c) the properuse of signals, while landing fire or capsizing 

(g) precluding any participant who appears to be afraid or intimidated prior to their aerial excursion. 

(h) Parasailing at an altitude of more than 600 feet is discouraged, especially in close proximity to the shoreline or other objects. The recommended altitude for using hand signals and recovery during water landings over open ocean is 600, and 300 feet over small lakes bays or sounds 

(figures based on ideal wind and sea conditions with limited traffic) 

(i) Read the release form carefully before signing the form.

Lack of Planning: The best way to avoid a crises is to anticipate them. Common reasons are a lack of planning, unrealistic time frames, and reluctance by subordinates to break bad news. 

Procrastination can best be defined as putting off the doing of something that should be done – instantly and habitually.

A.M. Engineer.

Literacy is the ability to read, write, speak, listen, and communicate effectively. Literacy is the ability to read and write one's own name and further for knowledge and interest, write coherently, and think critically about the written word. Reasons for Low Literacy Rate in India. Some of the reasons for low literacy rates in India are:- 

(a) Inadequate / Poor Infrastructure : Study of 188 government-run primary schools in central and northern India revealed that 59% of the schools had no drinking water facility and no toilets. In , villages and multiplying urban slum habitats, free and compulsory education„ is the basic literacy instruction dispensed by barely qualified para teachers„. The average Pupil - Teacher Ratio for All India is 1:42, implying teacher shortage. It is estimated that at least 35 million, and possibly as many as 60 million, children aged 6– 14 years are not in school. 

Caste System: Discrimination of lower castes has resulted in high dropout rates and low enrolment rates. The National Sample Survey Organization and the National Family Health Survey collected data in India on the percentage of children completing primary school which are reported to be only 36.8% and 37.7% respectively. 

(b) Poverty: Absolute poverty in India has also deterred the pursuit of formal education as education is not deemed of as the highest priority among the poor as compared to other basic necessities. 

(c) Gender Bias: The large proportion of illiterate females is another reason for low literacy in India. Inequality based on gender differences resulted in female literacy rates being lower at 65.46% than that of their male counterparts at 82.14%. Less than 2% of girls who engaged in agriculture work attended school. 

(b) Lack of Political Will : At the time of independence, the literacy rate of India was only 12 %. The fact that we needed to invest more in education was well established, but successive governments have failed to take the required initiative in this regard. The expenditure allocated to education was never above 4.3% of the GDP from 1951–2002 despite the target of 6% laid down by the Kothari Commission.

The Correct option is (d) 1999

The first Indian to fly into space is Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma.

Soviet Union is the "Intercosmos Space Programme‟ related.

(c) ambiguous words

i. Aiming position- on coming into the aim the firer must take the first pressure. 

ii. Breathing - just before taking an aim, breathing must gently restrained. It is important to coordinate so that, when the foresight comes to the point of aim, the breath is partially exhaled. 

iii. Firing - Immediately on "correct aim‟, the second pressure will be taken and shot fired. For a second or two after firing, There should be no relaxation of the hold or movement of trigger, finger or head. 

iv. Follow Through - The hold and aim must be maintained until the bullet has left the barrel. Better still, fire should allow through until has reached the target. 

v. Declaration - The firer declares if the aim at the time of firing is not correct e.g. Left, right, high or low. A correct shot should not be declared. 

v. Reloading in the shoulder and realignment- Immediately after follow through or declaration, re-loading at the shoulder should be carried out. Having re-loaded the firer should realign his sights approximately on the target.

(i) Arm Bar, Elbow Bar: Jamming an arm into a crack and locking it into place.

(ii) Bridging or Stemming: Climbing a corner with the legs apart, one against each face, with the feet relying on friction or very small holds. Campusing Campusing arms. The word itself is derived from the power training done on a set of campus boards. 

(iv) Chest Jam: Jamming the torso into a wide crack, for resting. 

(v) Chimneying Climbing between opposing rock faces, with the back and hands against one face, and the feet against the other face, or alternating between both. 

(vi) Crimp or Crimping Grabbing on to a hold with the fingertips alone.

TV's, Refrigerators, Telephones, Air Conditioners, Computers, Mobile Phones etc. 

(A) Stripping – (i) Removal of the bolt is done by raising the leaf back sight and pushing forward the safety catch. The bolt is withdrawn to the rear, the bolt head upwards turned and the back sight folded back. 

(ii) The magazine catch is pressed upwards and the magazine is taken out 

(B) Assembling- assembling of the rifle is always done in the reverse order. 

(i) Bolt head should be fully tight. 

(ii) Bolt head and guide rib as well as cocking piece and steel lug should be in a line. 

(C) Sightseeing- (i) The sight should be set by pressing the thumb spring. 

(ii) Range increases towards the muzzle side by adjusting the thumb spring accordingly. 

Trekking is a long adventurous journey under taken on foot, in areas where common means of transport are generally not available.

The need to develop rural areas can be summarized as under:- 

 (a) To bridge the urban – rural divide. 

 (b) To bridge the economic gap between incomes of rural – urban population. 

 (c) To control or reduce mass migration of population from rural to urban areas. 

 (d) To have equitable distribution of resources and development activities. 

 (e) To create more job opportunities. 

 (g) To empower the rural population. 

Webbing Or "Tape" Made Of Nylon. When webbing is sewn or tied together at the ends, it becomes a sling or runner. 

Webbing has many uses such as:- 

(i) Extending the distance between protection and a tie-in point. 

(ii) An anchor around a tree or rock or an anchor extension or equalization. 

(iii) Makeshift harnesses. 

(iv) Carrying equipment (clipped to a sling worn over the shoulder). 

(v) Protecting a rope that hangs over a sharp edge (tubular webbing). 

The duration of Short Service Commission is 10 years, extended to 14 years. 

Women are eligible to apply for Short Service Commission in 

Law, ATC, Observer, Education & Naval Architecture.

Communication is the exchange of thought, idea, information and data. 

In communication the message passed should be clear, clarity, understandable between the senders and receivers.

i. Ship models are helpful to archaeologists in that they allow archaeologists to make estimates regarding the size of the vessel would be in the real life. 

ii. While this technique makes the assumption that artists scaled the models appropriately, it is useful to get some sense of how large these ships and boats may have been in real life. 

iii. Archaeologists are able to calculate these estimates of size by employing a series of assumptions about the distance between rowers and a maximum draft of the vessels.

While assembling the bolt of the Deluxe .22 rifle, the following have to be borne in mind: 

(a) The bolt head should be fully tight. 

(b) The bolt head and guide rib as well as cocking piece and steel lug should be in a line. 

(c) The number of the bolt should tally with that of the rifle. 

(d) The safety catch should be applied. 

i. The whole plan is fixed on to the drawing board. 

ii. Then the individual parts are fixed on it with the help of pins parts are then glued together with cement. 

iii. After drying, the various components are assembled together with correct alignment. Sand papers of various grades are used for smoothening out of edges and curves. 

iv. Model is then covered with silver foil, monokote or tissue paper. Dope may be applied with brush, in thin coats two to three times.

22 Deluxe rifle is used by NCC cadets for firing.

(i) Dry river beds 

(ii) telegraph office 

(iii) church 

(iv) international boundary Refer to the online material on NCC website.

Indian Air Force is the youngest of the three Services. It was in 1932 that an Act was passed in Indian Legislature for establishing the Indian Air Force on the recommendations of Skeen Committee.

Deterioration of health in the form of nausea, headache, loss of appetite and irritation due to high sulphur dioxide content in air.

The whole country is divided into seven Commands. The Command HQ is commanded by an officer of the rank of Lt General who is called Army Commander. 

Any drill related movements are commenced in Savadhan position. When speaking to or addressed by a senior officer a cadet has to stand in Savadhan,  

Radioactive Waste: 

These are wastes that contain radioactive material. Radioactive wastes are usually the by-products of nuclear power generation and other applications of nuclear fission or nuclear technology, such as research and medicine.

Defence Secretary is responsible to the Government of India for efficient functioning of the NCC and other matters.

1. Saluting at halt -

(a) Jab word of command miltahai-ginti se salute karnasamne salute ek to is word of command par dahinebajukodahinetarafsidhauthate hue kandhekebarabarlayenaurkohni se modte hue anguliyonkosidheaurmilate hue kalmewaliangulikodahine ankh kibhaown se 1 inch uparlagaen, shouting karenek. Is position meindekhnekibaten - dahinehaathkianguliyonauranguthaseedhaaur mile hue, kalmewaliangulidahine ankh kebhown se 1 inch aur beech meinkalai se kohnitak 45 degree ke angle par, nigahsamne, baki position savdhan. 

(b) Jab word of command miltahai squad do to, dahinehaathkonazdikkeraste se teji se giraen, aur shout karen do‘. Is position meindekhnekibaten - position savdhan. 

2. Wheeling - A movement by which a formed body changes direction, pivoting on the inner flank while retaining its dressing. 

3. About turn during march - 

(a) Tejchal se word of command miltahaiginti se mudnapiche mud ek, ye word of command us samaymiltahai jab baenpaondahinepaonko cross karraha ho yadahinepaonkiaedizameen par lag rahi ho tohbaenpaonkokhaalijane den, dahinepaonko 15 inch age lagate hi chaltihalatmeinrukjaen, shout karenkhaaliek‘. 

(b) Dahinepaonkiaaedi par 90 degree dahinetarafghoomjayenaurbaenpaonkodahinepaonkesaathsavdhanpostionme inlagaen, shout karen do‘.

(c) Jab word of command miltahai squad teen to, is word of command par baenpaonkepanje par dahinetaraf 90 degree par aurghoomjayen, saath hi dahinepaonko 6 inch utharkarsavdhan position meinlagaenaur shout karen teen. 

(d) Jab word of command miltahai squad char to, postionaur direction kodurustkarnekeliyebaenpaonko 6 inch uparuthate hue dahinepaonkesaathsavdhanpostionmeinlagaen. 

(e) Jab word of command miltahai squad panch to, dahinepaonko 30 inch age nikalkartejchalkikaryawahishurukarenaur shout karenbadho‘. Squad panchbadhothamkahoek-do.

3. Gen Sam Manekshaw

Words of Command - Eksahi word of command nirbharkartahaiawazki -tone aur pitch pe. Durust word of command - clear aurunchiawaz - meindiyajatahai, takiuskaturantamalkiyajaye. 

Ek ache word of command dene keliyenimnlikhitbatenzarurihain:- 

(a) Loudness (Swar). Word of command ki loudness is baatpenirbharkartahaikiword of command kitne logon kodiyajarahahaiyaunkidurikitnihai. Word of command dene keliye, commander apneaapko squad kisamne, bichon bichunkitarafmuhkarkekhada ho kardiyajatahai. Word of command hamesha – savdhan position men diyajatahai. 

(b) Clarity (Safai). Jeeb (Tongue), lips aurdantonkasahitalmelkesath clear word of commanddiyajae. Sust word of command squad men tezinahipaidakarega. 

(c) Pitch. Durust word of command keliyesahi pitch kahonazarurihai. 

(d) Timing. Word of command kisahi timing usketurantamalkeliyebahut hi zarurihai. Ek word of command ke do bhaghotenhai cautionary aur executive. Cautionary aur executive kebich char (four) tezkadamkafaslahonachahiye. Tezchal men, cautionary word of command, baen pair se shuruhotahai. Words of Command. 

The following words of command are used in drill - 

(ByankesathNamuna):- 

(a) SavdhanaurVishram. 

(b) Dahine Mud yaBaen Mud. 

(c) Piche Mud ya Age Mud. 

(d) DahineDekhyaBaenDekh. 

(e) TezChalyaDhireChalaurTham. 

(f) Khuli Line ChalyaNikat Line Chal. 

(g) Line Ban, SajjayaVisarjan. 

(h) Dahine Salute, Baen Salute yaSamne Salute.

1. Ship your oars:- This is the order to place the oars in the crutches and ready for pulling 

2. Give way together:- This is the order to start pulling and it is obeyed together by the whole crew. 

3. Oars:- This is an order to cease pulling. 

4. Back together:-This is the order to back water together by pushing on the looms of the oars instead of oars. 

5. Hold water:- This is the order to reduce or stop the way of the boat by holding the oars at right angles. 

6. Stroke together:- This is the order for all to give one stroke together. 

7. Easy all:- This is the order to pull less vigorously so that the speed of the boat will be reduced. 

8. Eyes in the boat:- This is an order to the crew to keep gaze from wondering aboard and to pay attention to their duties.

Vacancies per course : 250 (Twice a year)

Notification: In Employment News and leading Daily News Papers. Notified by UPSC under the aegis of CDSE in May/ Jun and Nov/Dec

Eligibility Criteria

Age: Between 19 and 24 years as on first day of month in which course is due to commence

Qualification : Graduation from recognised University

Marital Status : Unmarried 

Likely SSB Date: Jul/ Aug and Mar/Apr 

Date of Commencement of Training : Jan and Jul 

Training Academy : IMA Dehradun 

Duration of Training: 18 months

Battle Craft includes the following subjects :- 

(a) Field Signals. 

(b) Fire and move. 

(c) Section Formations. 

(d) Section battle drills. 

Advantages: 

1.Reliable

2. Relatively secure

3. More capacity 

Disadvantages: 

1. Vulnerable to physical interference

2. Take time to construct

3. Inflexible

4. Expensive

Global Positioning System: 

Global Positioning System (GPS) refers to a system of satellites and receivers that allows people and devices to pin point their precise location on the earth. GPS is funded and controlled by the United States, Department of Defence. 

i. Indian Ordinance Factory Board. 

ii. It is being used by the Indian army.

iii. 150 rds/min

The forces acting on aircraft :

(a) Lift is a positive force caused by the difference in air pressure under and above a wing. The higher air pressure beneath a wing creates lift, and is affected by the shape of the wing. Changing a wing's angle of attack affects the speed of the air flowing over the wing and the amount of lift that the wing creates. 

(b) Weight is the force that causes objects to fall downwards. In flight, the force of weight is countered by the forces of lift and thrust. 

(c) Thrust is the force that propels an object forward. An engine spinning a propeller or a jet engine expelling hot air out the tailpipe are examples of thrust. In bats, thrust is created by muscles making the wings flap. 

(d) Drag is the resistance of the air to anything moving through it. Different wing shapes greatly affect drag. Air divides smoothly around a wing's rounded leading edge, and flows neatly off its tapered trailing edge...this is called streamlining. 

REQUIREMENTS OF NAVIGATION 

(a) A number of times Pilot may be called upon to navigate the aircraft himself especially in the aircraft types where no navigation is provided or in a single seat aircraft, hence a thorough knowledge of the art of navigation is a must for a pilot. 

(b) Since the pilot has the primary duty of flying the aircraft, it would not be possible for him to carry out the detailed task of a professional navigator in usage of plotting tables, computers, charts etc. He however has to be skilled in map reading and mental DR in order to navigate accurately. 

Techniques used for air navigation in the air can be broadly classified into two groups. 

(a) Visual Flight Rules (VFR): The pilot largely navigates using dead reckoning combined with Visual observations with reference to appropriate maps. This may be supplemented by radio navigation aids. 

(b) Instrument Flight Rules (IFR): Under these rules the pilot will navigate exclusively using instruments and radio nav aids such as beacons, or as directed under radar control by a controlling air traffic controller. 

The various types of the sailors branch are as follows (any four): 

1. AA (Artificer Apprentice) 

2. DE (Direct Entry Diploma holders) 

3. SSR (Senior Secondary Recruit) 

4. MR (Matric Recruit) 

5. NMR (Non Matric Recruit)

6. Sport Entries

c. Semaphore

Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa, OBE 

He was appointed as the Commander-in-chief of the Indian Military in 1949.

Combat formations are grouped as Corps, Divisions and Brigades. These are commanded by an officer of the rank of Lt General, Maj General and Brig respectively.

i. 5.56mm 

ii. Gas Operation 

 iii. 150 rds/min.

Calibre- 5.56

Effective range - 400 m

a. Accuracy 5.56mm 

b. Normal Rate of fire 60 rds/min. 

c. Muzzle velocity 900m/s.