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The Corps Head Quarters handles 03 to 05 Divisions.

The procedure is laid out to communicate on the Radio so as to make the conversation secure and successful, which is referred to as “Radio Telephony”.

• Carelessness with naked lights and cigarettes left about 
• Clothes hung to dry on a hot surface 
• Paint and oil splashes in contact with heat 
• Cooking oil in the galley, if left unattended on the stove for a long time

(a) The enemy has opened Small Arm fire which is effective. 

(b) When own troops have seen the enemy first. 

(c) When the enemy is known or suspected to be in a certain area. 

(d) To cross obstacles. 

The basic considerations for fire & movement are as under:- 

(a) No movement on exposed ground without covering fire: The advantages of covering fire are obvious, but this does not mean that fire will be brought down continuously when you are moving. Whenever you have ground providing you cover, you must use it. Whenever you have to move in open, fire must be brought down on the en in small bursts to keep his head down. 

(b) Control by the Commander : The sec can remain a viable force only when it is under the control of its commander. Otherwise, it is likely that the required fire support will not be brought down at the required place & time. In a section, control is ex by voice command & hand signals. As a rule, sec commander must keep his section within range of voice or visible control. 

(c) The angle of covering fire from direct firing weapons should be as wide as possible w/o loss of control or time. It is to ensure that own troops are not coming under effective fire of own fire sp. It also ensures that the fire support is provided till as late as possible so that assault troops are able to close in with the en. 

(d) Full use of Available Cover: Full use should be made of cover provided by the ground. Various types of cover have already been taught to the cadets. 

(e) Optimum use of all AvailableWeapons: All available weapons should be used for producing covering fire.

(a) The full form of WMO is the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 

(b) The undercarriage or landing gear in aviation is the structure that supports an aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi, take-off and land. 

(c) The points related to altimeter. 

(i) An altimeter is an instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level usually the sea level. 

(ii) The altimeter shows the aircraft's altitude above mean sea-level.

(a) Applying Past Lessons Learnt to Future. History can also show how certain plans/moves led to victory or defeat. Military and Civil leaders can strategize based on the history to develop more concrete techniques to win the battles in future. 

(b) In addition, history has also taught us that it is important to have the support of our home front prior to sending our soldiers to war, especially for extended periods. 

(c) We must also understand the ideology of our enemy. Taking the time to learn the mind set and thought process of an enemy does provide us with the adequate tools to properly prepare ourselves for current and future wars. 

(d) Soldiers can learn strategy, operational art, tactics, techniques, battle procedures/drills, logistic and management aspects, leadership qualities and styles from military history. 

Items required for cleaning are: - 

(a) Oil bottle with oil. 

(b) Brush cleaning bore. 

(c) Brush cleaning chamber. 

(d) Pull through 

(e) Road cleaning barrel. 

(f) Tool adjusting for sight/rear sight. 

(g) Tool removing repair case. 

(h) Chindi. 

(j) Drift.  

Types of Ground : 

(a) Broken Ground. It is uneven and is generally interspersed with nullahs, bumps and fields in the ground. It is suitable for move of infantry and hinders observation of activities. 

(b) Flat and Open Ground. It is even ground with little cover e.g. bushes, hedges and similar foliage. It is not suitable for move of Infantry by day. 

(c) High Ground. Ground far above the general level of the area e.g. hill. It facilitates domination of area around it by observation or fire or both. 

(d) Dead Ground. Ground that is hidden from an observer’s view. It cannot be covered by flat trajectory weapons. 

The Air Craft carrier INS Vikrant was commissioned in February 1961 in Indian Navy.

(a) Aggressive 

(b) Passive 

(c) Assertive

i. Deploy Right arm fully extended above head and waved from side to side, palm open. 

ii. Halt Right arm raised to full extent above head. 

iii. Close Right hand place on top of head, elbow to the right. 

iv. Follow me Right arm swung from rear to front above the shoulder, in “over arm bowling” fashion.

The two major characteristics of Rifle .22 are Muzzle Velocity 2700 per sec and Grooves in the barrel 06.

In 1998, India carried out nuclear tests and a few days later, Pakistan responded by more nuclear tests giving both countries nuclear deterrence capability, although India had exploded three hydrogen bombs which Pakistan lacks. Diplomatic tension ceased after the Lahore Summit was held in 1999.The sense of optimism was short-lived, however, since mid1999 Pakistani paramilitary forces and Kashmiri insurgents captured deserted, but strategic, Himalayan heights in the Kargil district of India. These had been vacated by the Indian army during the onset of the inhospitable winter and were supposed to reoccupy in spring. Once the scale of the Pakistani incursion was realised, the Indian Army quickly mobilized about 200,000 troops and Operation Vijay was launched. 

Battle of Tololing - The Battle of Tololing, was one of the pivotal battles in the kargil war between Indian Armed forces and troops from Northern Light Infantry who were aided by other Pakistan irregulars in 1999. Tololing is a dominating feature overlooking Srinagar-Leh (NH1D) and was vital link. The terrain was such that frontal attacks had to be launched which resulted in heavy causalities. The three week assault finally culminated with India taking control of the peak and changing the course of the war. 23 Indian soldiers were killed in the final assault, resulting in one of the costliest battle of the entire war. Other assaults, slowly tilted the combat in India's favour. Never the less, some of the posts put up stiff resistance, including Tiger Hill (Point5140) that fell only later in the war. 

The Indian Army mounted some direct frontal ground assaults which were slow and took a heavy toll given the steep ascent that had to be made on peaks as high as 18,000 feet (5,500m). Two months into the conflict, Indian troops had slowly retaken most of the ridges they had lost; according to official count, an estimated 75%–80% of the intruded area and nearly all high ground was back under Indian control. On 4 July 1999, Pakistan’s Prime Minister Sharif agreed to withdraw Pakistani troops under US pressure and the fighting came to a gradual halt, but some Pakistani forces remained in positions on the Indian side of the LOC. 

The Indian Army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass sub sector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. 26 July has since been marked as ‘Kargil Vijay Diwas’ (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war,India had resumed control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Shimla Accord.

i. Knoll - A small isolated hill. 

ii. Spur - A piece of high ground jutting out from a range of hills into lower ground. 

iii. Spot Height - A point on a map whose height has been determined by Survey methods. This height is printed alongside the point. 

 iv. Bearing - The angle formed by a line joining two points and the North and South line. Bearings are always measured clockwise.

i. Sheet Bend: To join or bend two ropes of unequal thickness together. The thicker rope is the bend. 

ii. Double Sheet Bend: Similar to single sheet bend, but gives greater security, also useful for joiningwet ropes. 

iii. Crossover Sheet Bend: This holds more securely than either the single or double sheet bend and has occasional real uses such as fastening the eye of a flag to its halyard where the flapping might undo the double sheet bend. 

iv. Reef Knot: To securely join two ropes of equal thickness together. Notice the difference in position of the free and standing ends between this and the thief knot. 

iv. Thief Knot: To tie two ropes of equal thickness together so that they will appear to be tied with a reef knot, and will be retied with a true reef knot. This knot was often used by sailors to tie their sea chests, hence the name. 

v. Carrick Bend: This bend is for the secure fastening of two ropes of even thickness together. It is particularly suitable for hawsers and steel cables. It can be readily undone and does not jam, as do many other bends and knots. 

vi. Fisherman‟s Knot: For joining two springy materials together; suitable for wire, fishing gut or vines. Two thumb knots (one on each rope) pulled tight. The knots lock together.

A map is covered with a network of purple lines, some running North and South and others West and East. These form a series of small squares all over the map.These lines are known as Grid Lines. 

Rules of Grid Reference 

i. A reference must always contain a even number of figures. Normally it contains six figures. 

ii. Always count along the EASTING lines first from the WEST to EAST and then from SOUTH to NORTH along NORTHINGS. 

iii. For six figure Grid Reference the third and the sixth figure represent the divisions of 1000 meters square to the nearest 10th part, so they have to be estimated and for these figures a slight latitude is allowed. 

iv. If a general Grid Reference is to be given or there is only one such object in one square e.g. bridge, temple, road junction then its identity and four figure grid reference would suffice.

(a) Sailing free - A boat is sailing free whenever her sails are filled and she is not sailing closehauled, i.e. when sailing so that she is free top manoeuvre on either side of her course without having to go about (see tacking) 

(b) To luff - This is altering course to bring the boat’s head closer to the wind. 

(c) Reaching - A boat is reaching when she is sailing free with the wind abeam or before the beam. 

(d) Beating - When the destination of sailing boat lies directly up wind she beats to windward by sailing close-hauled in a series of alternate tacks. 

‘Visarjan (Dismiss): The cadet should turn to the right, salute (if an officer/JCO is present on parade) pause and then step off (ensure squad is in close order). When marching independently, the cadet keeps in step until clear off the parade ground.

‘Line tor’- Falling out does not signify the end of the parade, but only a break in it. It is different from Visarjan in the following points:

(a) Salute is not given 

(b) Cadets falling out, should not to leave the vicinity of their place of parade or lines of march.

On command ‘Line tor’ (Fall out) the squad should turn right, break off in quick time (or in double time as ordered) counting a regulation pause between each movement.

The difference between dismiss and falling out are as follows:-

(a) Falling out

i. To leave the ranks temporarily

ii.  A word of command, to close the drill7 temporarily is given to a body of cadets required to fall in again after a stipulated period.

(b) Dismiss

i. A word of command is given for closing drill. 

ii. Denotes parade is completely terminated

A map represents selected natural and manmade features of the whole or part of the earth’s surface on a sheet of paper. 

Types - Political, Geographical, Economical, Historical and Military Maps

a. To luff. 

This is altering course to bring the boat‘s head closer to the wind. 

b. In irons. 

A boat is in irons when she fails to go about from one tack to the other and lies head to wind unable to pay off on either tack

The human body has 206 bones of various shapes and sizes. The bones give shape and firmness to the body, as also it protects the vital organs like brain, heart, lungs and spinal cord. Bones can either be loosely arranged or densely arranged. The loosely arranged bone is called “spongy bone” and densely arranged bone is called “compact bone”. Some bones are hollow from inside and filled with bone marrow.

Classification of Bones. Bones can be classified according to their shape as under:- 

(a) Long Bones. These bones are long and tubular and are confirmed to upper and lower limbs. 

(b) Short Bones. This bones are short and tubular and are found in the ankle/.wrists 

(c) Flat Bones. These bones are flat like plates. 

e.g. Bones of cranium Skull shoulder or hips. 

(d) Irregular Bones. Irregular or mixed shaped. 

Eg. Vertebral column. 

(e) Sesamoid Bones. They develop in the tendons of the muscles around the joints e.g., Patella

Chief of Personnel (COP). 

a. The COP controls the manning requirement of the Navy. 

b. He is responsible for recruitment, training, welfare and discipline of naval personnel 

Parts of Cable :

(a) Lugged Anchor Shackle 

(b) Lugless Joining Shackle 

(c) Securing to Buoy Shackle 

(d) Bottle Screw Slip 

(e) Blake Slip 

(f) Cup Swivel 

(g) Box Swivel 

(h) Adoptor Piece 

The following three elements are essential for creation of fire and its continuation - 

(a) Oxygen.

(b) Sufficient heat to raise the temperature of fuel to its burning point or ignition.

(c) Combustible or burnable material (solid, liquid or gas).

Defile - Any feature whether natural or artificial which could cause a body of troops to contract its front. An example of a natural defile is mountain pass while bridge is an example of an artificial defile. 

Crest - A highest part of hill or mountain range. It is that line on the range of hills or mountains from which the ground slopes down in the opposite direction.

Communication is the easy transmission of thoughts and ideas from one individual to another and vice-a-versa and reception and understanding of others ideas in the original form. There are 2 types of Communication 

(a) Line communication 

(b) Radio Communication 

(c) Wireless Technology - Mobile, Wi-fi, Walkie Talkie

The platoon has two prescribed formations: line and column. When a platoon forms in a line, its squads are numbered from front to rear.

(d) Mean point of impact

(b) Two ways of communication 

(a) Boundary of the mesosphere - Mesopause 

(b) boundary of the troposphere - Tropopause 

(c) Two Types of control line models in aeromodelling -Control Line Aerobatic Model and Control Line Speed Model.

Chart scales- Charts are generally published in three different scales 

These are. 

1. Small scale chart- These are charts covering a very vast area and the information such as sounding light etc not given in details. 

2. Medium scale chart- These charts are used for passage, the information for navigation including dangers are clearly shown on these charts 

3. Large Scale chart- These charts are generally of harbours and their approaches. These charts contain all information required for precise navigation.

XE – Slant 

B – More to follow 

WA – Word After 

MIM – Comma 

DU – Hyphen 

KN – Open Bracket

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is headed by Prime Minister. 

(a) Light Combat Aircraft (LCA). 

(b) Light Combat Helicopter (LCH). 

(c) Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) or Dhruv.

Operation ‘SafedSagar’ was the code name assigned to the Indian Air Force's strike to support the Ground troops during Operation Vijay that was aimed to flush out Regular and Irregular troops of the Pakistani Army from Indian Positions in the Kargil sector along the Line of Control. It was the first large scale use of air power in the Jammu and Kashmir region since the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971.

Initial infiltrations were noticed in Kargil in early May, 1999. The Indian Air Force (IAF) was first approached to provide air support on 11 May. On 21 May a Canberra on a reconnaissance mission was hit by ground fire. The flight returned to base on one engine. On 25 May, the Cabinet Committee on Security authorized the IAF to mount attacks on the infiltrators without crossing the LoC On 26 May, the go-ahead was given and the IAF started its strike role tasks. Flying from the Indian airfields of Srinagar, Avantipur and Adampur, ground attack aircraft MiG-21s, MiG-23s, MiG-27s, Jaguars and the Mirage 2000 struck insurgent positions. 

The first strikes were launched on the 26 May, when the Indian Air Force struck infiltrator positions with fighter aircraft and helicopter gunships. The initial strikes saw MiG-27s carrying out offensive sorties, with MiG-21s and (later) MiG-29s providing fighter cover. Mi-17 gunships were also deployed in the Tololing sector. On 30 May, the Indian Air Force called into operation the Mirage 2000 which was deemed the best aircraft capable of optimum performance under the conditions of high altitude in the zone of conflict. Armed with Laser Guided Bombs (LGB) the Mirages repeatedly struck enemy positions, destroying Logistics and resupply capability of the infiltrators.

Radar is an object detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain.

(a) Primary Radar: Uses the principle of pulse technique to determine the range and bearing of an object. Working on the echo and searchlight principle, a transmitter transmits pulses. All objects in the path of the pulses will reflect and scatter this energy. Some of the reflected energy reaches the receiver. The reflected energy is processed to give the required information. In this radar, the object‟s cooperation is not required in the entire process.

(b) Secondary Radar: A transmitter transmits a group of pulses. An aerial in the path of the pulses receives the signals and passes it to the receiver. If the pulses are identified, then the transmitter gives out a reply. In this radar active cooperation of the other object is also required.

(c) Continuous Wave Radar: In this type of radar, both the transmission and the reception take place continuously. This requires a set of two aerials, one for transmission and one for the reception.

Fleets. 

Fleet is a group of various types of warships and aircraft organized in a unit to fight a war. 

The IN has two Fleets:- 

(a) Western Fleet. It is based at Mumbai and commanded by a Rear Admiral designated as the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet (FOCWF) 

(b) Eastern Fleet. It is based at Visakhapatnam and commanded by a Rear Admiral designated as the Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF). 

2. Difference Between True North and Grid North

(a) Radio Set 

(b) Click by fingers 

(c) Clicks by using Tongue 

(d) Whistle by the Mouth 

(e) Use of line bedding 

(f) Mini Flare 

(g) Use of blacked out Torch 

(h) Firing of Weapon

True north - The direction of the north pole from the point. 

Grid north – It is the direction to which the North South grid lines on a map.

(a) Role: Heavy Lift Helicopter. 

(b) Range 800 Km 

(c) Special Features 

(d) Main rotor has eight blades and tail rotor has five blades. 

(e) Normal crew of five consisting of pilot, co-pilot, flight engineer, navigator and load master. 

● The details on topographical maps are shown by symbols. Some of which are pictorial in nature, while others are given by a symbol which is accepted internationally. 

● The signs are uniform on all maps but the colour used may vary on different scale maps. 

● Therefore, it is difficult to give a complete list of conventional signs used on various maps. 

● However, all maps have a list of signs marked on the side of map and these should be studied before using the map for reading purposes.

(a) On 30 May, the Indian Air Force called into operation the Mirage 2000 

(b) The choppers used were Mi-8 and the Mi-17.

(c) Initial indications from the government to the IAF was to operate only Attack helicopters. 

Wing shape: 

(i) Rectangular 

(ii) Elliptical 

(iii) Forward taper 

(iv) Backward taper 

(v) Equitaper 

(vi) Delta 

(vii) Crescent 

(viii) Swept back 

(ix) Swept forward (for others refer to the given pg no) 

Semaphore is a visual means of communication which provides a rapid means for passing messages over short distances during daylight.

(a) The different semaphore signs are made by moving one or two hand flags so that they form Various angles with the perpendicular. 

(b) It is essential that each angle be formed correctly, as good communication depends upon accuracy in this respect. 

(a) Max Speed-- 902 Mph Range-- 1365 Miles 

(b) Manufactured by Russia

The atmosphere has weight and this weight exerts pressure. This is known as static pressure. 

An android barometer is used to measure the atmospheric pressure.