Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

The rapid growth of population has posed many socio-economic problems in different countries. The main problems are:

1. Food problem: Growth of population has led to shortage of foodgrains in many areas. Agricultural production has increased due to new technology, yet many countries have to import agricultural products.
2. Housing problem: Housing conditions are poor in over-populated countries. People live in slum areas. Skyscrapers are being built in many Metropolitan towns.
3. Unemployment: Rapid increase in population leads to unemployment. Migration of people from over-populated rural areas has added to Unemployment.
4. Low standard of living: Per capita income is low in overcrowded areas so living conditions are poor. People do not afford to have basic necessities of life. Population explosion leads to poverty and a poor standard of living.
5. Dependent population: A large percentage of young people become dependent on a small working population.
6. Social problems: Many social problems arise due to overcrowding. Poor health and bad sanitary conditions lead to epidemics.

India occupies only 2.41% of the land area of the world, whereas Brazil occupies 5.6% of the world’s total land area.

Correct option is (A) 5.49%

Correct option is (A) 1971-1981

According to Census 2011 India’s population is around 121 crores, and its average population density is 382 persons per sq. km.

Sex ratio in India as per census 2011 is 943 females per 1000 males.

As per Census 2011, 940 is sex ratio of India.

The sex ratio is 943 females for 1000 males in India according to 2001 census.

(i) Tool making revolution.

(ii) Agricultural revolution.

(iii) Scientific industrial revolution.

(i) Central Asia region has the highest literacy rate.

(ii) Sub-Saharan Africa region has the lowest literacy rate.

(iii) In no region does women fare better than men because in all the regions the graph shows literacy rate of men is higher than women.

(iv) The graph shows the percentage of literate male and female and total literacy rate of seven regions and the world. In all seven regions the highest literacy rate of both male and female is recorded in Central Asian region, whereas the lowest literacy rate of male and female is recorded in Sub-Saharan Africa.

In all seven regions and world too, male literacy rate is higher than female literacy rate.

943 persons after every 1000 males.

• In migration people move from one place to another place for different reasons.
• The place from where people migrate outside is called donor region.
• The place where people migrate to is called recipient region,
• Due to migration of people there are changes in age structure and sex ratio in both the regions.
• In donor region due to migration of young male population there is disturbance in the age structure.
• More females remain in donor area. So, donor area has high sex ratio. In India there is high sex ratio in rural areas due to migration of people from rural to urban areas.
• In donor region there are changes in age structure as well.
• More old age people and children remain in donor region which is nonworking/ non-productive population.
• There is shortage of working population.
• In recipient region male population increases due to migration of male into region.
• As a result, sex ratio in recipient region goes down. In many big cities of India sex ratio is less than 85% or 90%.
• In recipient region the percentage of working population increases.
• There is more working population than non-working population, which helps in economic development of the region.

1. Migration is an important determinant of population change. It changes not only the population size but also the population composition of urban and rural populations in terms of age and sex composition. 

2. In India the rural – urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the % of population in cities and towns. 

3. The urban population has increased from 17.9% of the total population in 1951 to 27.78% in 2001. 

4. There has been a significant increase in the number of ‘million plus cities’ from 23 to 35 in just one decade ie 1991 to 2001. 

Correct option: (b) Only R is correct.

(i) The people are important to develop the economy and society. The people make and use the resources and are themselves resources with varying quality. 

(ii) It is the point of reference from which all other elements observed and from which they derive significance and meaning. ‘Resources’ , ‘calamities’ and ‘disasters’ are all meaningful only in relation to human beings. 

(iii) Their numbers, distributions, growth and characteristics or qualities provide the basic background for understanding and appreciating all aspects of the environment. 

(iv) Human beings are producers and consumers of earth’s resources. Therefore it is very important to know how many people are there in a country, where do they live, how and why are their numbers increasing and what are their characteristics. 

Three major questions about the population: 

1. Population size and distribution: How many people are there and where are they located? 

2. Population growth and processes of population change: How has the population grown are changed with time? 

3. Characteristics or qualities of the population: What are their ages, sex compositions, literacy levels, occupational structures and health conditions?

Correct answer is Kerala.

Correct option is (c) 65%

In 2011, literacy rate in India was 74.04%.

• The population pyramid is used to study the age and sex related aspects of a region’s population
• We can know the number/percentage of various age groups of males and females in a country.
• It also helps us to know the proportion of children, youth and old people in a country.

A population pyramid, also called age-sex pyramid, is a graphical illustration that shows the age and sek/gender related aspects of various age groups in a population.

• When people move from one place to another place, or one city to other city or one country to another country it is called migration.
• The place from where people go out is called donor region.
• The place where people migrate is called recipient region.
• Due to migration there are changes in total population in both the regions.
• From donor region people move outside so donor area population will decrease. Generally, youngsters migrate in large number, so donor region will have less young age population, it will affect fertility rate and there will be slow growth of population.
• In recipient region migrants will be added to the total population of that region. Thus, increasing the population of the region.
• In recipient region more young age population will be added, so fertility rate will increase, and there will be more population growth.

(i) The pyramid of India belongs to expansive A type.

(ii) The shape of the India’s population pyramid has a broad base and narrowing apex. This indicates the population below the age 0-15 years is very large and population in the age above 60 years is very small.

• Due to large number of children dependency ratio is very high.
• The narrow apex indicates more people die at the higher age group.
• This also indicates high birth rates and high death rates.

• In developed counties there is development of industries, infrastructure and trade.
• Therefore, more people are engaged in secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities.
• These countries replace human labour with machinery. So agricultural activities can be carried out with minimum people and can make use of machinery.
• Therefore, the percentage of population engaged in agriculture is low in developed countries.

Population is the pivotal element in social studies. We can say this because: 

1. It is the point of reference from which all other elements are observed and from which they derive significance and meaning. 

2. ‘Resources’, ‘calamities’ and ‘disasters’ are all meaningful only in relation to human beings. 

3. Their numbers, distribution, growth and characteristics or qualities provide the basic background for understanding and appreciating all aspects of the environment.

• The ratio between the number of male and female in the population is called sex ratio.
• Sex ratio is an indicator of status of women in the country.
• In population pyramid X-axis shows the percentage of population in a particular age group and Y-axis, which is at the centre of the graph shows age groups.
• The length of the bar shows number or percentage.
• The left side of the graph shows male population whereas, the right side of the graph shows female population.
• Thus, population pyramid indicates number of percentages of male and female population in different age groups in the country.
• e.g., If we want to know the percentage of male and female in 15-59 age group, we can get it from population pyramid.
• Therefore, we can study age-wise sex ratio using population pyramid.

• Literacy rate shows proportion of literate people in the country. The people who can read and write are called literate people.
• Every country has different norms to decide literacy. In India, those who can read, write and do arithmetic calculations are called literate.
• Literacy in the country is essential to eradicate poverty and for social, economic and political development.
• Literacy rate in the country depends upon cost of education, standard of living, status of women in the society, availability of educational facilities and government policy etc.
• In general, literacy rate of male is more than female with few exceptions.
• Literacy rate is more than 90% in most of the developed countries of Europe, North America, Australia etc.
• Lowest literacy rate is in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The rapid growth of population has posed many socio-economic problems in different countries. The main problems are:

1. Food problem: Growth of the population has led to shortage of foodgrains in many areas. Agricultural production has increased due to new technology, yet many countries have to import agricultural products.
2. Housing problem: Housing conditions are poor in over-populated countries. People live in slum areas. Skyscrapers are being built in many Metropolitan towns.
3. Unemployment: Rapid increase in population leads to unemployment. Migration of people from over-populated rural areas has added to Unemployment.
4. Low standard of living: Per capita income is low in overcrowded areas so living conditions are poor. People do not afford to have basic necessities of life. Population explosion leads to poverty and a poor standard of living.
5. Dependent population: A large percentage of young people become dependent on a small working population.
6. Social problems: Many social problems arise due to overcrowding. Poor health and bad sanitary conditions lead to epidemics.