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Correct Answer is: (d) 51° C

Correct Answer is: (a) banana

To remove dissolved oxygen from glucose solution by heating-the time taken a minute

Answer is (B) Pink

D) both B and C

(B) Respiration

(B) Carbon dioxide

The energy released due to the breakdown of sugar molecules is stored in ATP.

Each ATP molecule gives 7200 calories of energy. This energy is stored in the form of phosphate bonds.

ATP – Adenosine Tri Phosphate.

Some of the inspired air never reaches the gas exchange areas but fills the respiratory passages where exchange of gases does not occur. This air is called dead space. Dead space is not involved in gaseous exchange. It amounts to approximately 150mL.

By respiratory system, we usually mean the passage that transport air into the lungs and to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli and vice versa.

Nicotine is the chemical present in the cigarette smoke that causes addiction.

(a) Upper respiratory tract

The pathway of air in our body through the respiratory system 

 Nostrils → Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Lungs → Alveoli.

By respiratory system, we usually mean the passage that transport air into the lungs and to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli and vice versa

The inhaled air passes through the nasal cavity its temperature is brought close to that of the body, and it takes up water vapour from it. Air is also filtered in the nasal cavity. 

Epiglottis, a flap-like muscular valve controls movements of air and food towards their respective passages.

When air passes over the vocal cords in the larynx, it causes them to vibrate and produce sounds.

The trachea or windpipe channels air to the lungs and it divides into two bronchi – one leading to each lung.

The bronchi further divide into small and smaller branches called bronchiole

Bronchioles finally terminate in clusters of air sacs called alveolus in the lungs which are very small and numerous.

The gaseous exchange takes place in alveoli as blood capillaries take up oxygen and expel CO .

Breathing is the process of inhaling and exhaling. 

When the volume of the chest cavity is increased, its internal pressure decreases and the air from the outside rushes into the lungs. This is known as inspiration.

Respiratory diseases because of pollution: 

1. Irritation of eyes, nose, mouth and throat. 

2. Headaches and dizziness. 

3. Respiratory symptoms such as coughing and running nose. 

4. Respiratory and lung diseases including 

    a) Asthma attacks 

    b) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 

    c) Reduced lung function 

    d) Pulmonary cancer caused by a series of carcinogen chemicals that through inhalation 

    e) Mesothelioma: A particular type of lung cancer, usually associated with exposure to asbestos (it usually occurs 20 – 30 years after the initial exposure)

    f) Pneumonia: Infection of lungs caused by bacteria. 

    g) Bronchitis: It is inflammation or swelling of bronchial tubes. 

    h) Emphysema: It is a lung condition in which tiny air sacs in lungs alveoli fill up with water. 

Respiratory diseases due to tobacco : 

1. Chronic bronchitis: A long term inflammation of the bronchi is characterized by coughing. 

2. Lung cancer: An abnormal continuous multiplication of cells that can result in tumors in the lining of the bronchi.

3. Emphysema: A chronic lung condition that affects the air sacs in the lungs characterized by shortness of breath, coughing, fatigue, sleep and heart problems.

(c) Reduces oxygen carrying capacity of blood

(d) nicotine and tar

A specialised respiratory center present in the medulla oblongata of the hind brain called respiratory rhythm center is responsible for this regulation. Pneumotaxic centre present in ponsvaroli region of the brain moderates the function of the respiratory rhythm centre to ensure normal breathing.

The chemosensitive area found close to the rhythm centre is highly sensitive to CO₂ and H⁺ . And H⁺ are eliminated out by respiratory process. Receptors associated with the aortic arch and carotid artery send necessary signals to the rhythm center for remedial action. The role of O₂ is insignificant in the regulation of respiratory rhythm.

(b) Kept floating

John Daper was the renowned chemist who wrote a textbook of Human Physiology.

A) John Daper

The release of energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen occurs in mitochondria. In anaerobic respiration, as oxygen is absent, mitochondria have no role in respiration.

In woman ribs play a major role in respiration.

Correct option is B) Mitochondria

1. Keep your palm around an inch away from your nose. 

2. Feel you breathing out. 

3. Do not remove your palm until you have finished the activity. 

4. Breathe steadily for 1 – 2 minutes. 

5. Now take a piece of any fruit. 

6. Chew and before swallowing it keep the fingers of the other palm on your neck, now swallow it.

(a) nitrogen narcosis

a) Carbondioxide (or) CO₂

 b) Oxygen (or)  O₂