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It BECAME the MEMBER in 1947 only

There is an angel of PROGRESS, bearing the flag of new CENTURY, and is gentaly PERCHED on a WHEEL with wings, symbolising time .

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization created in 1945, shortly after the end of WWII. The UN was formed by 51 countries in order to encourage resolution of international conflicts without war and to form policies on international issues. Like most organizations, the UN was formed in order to meet certain goals and PURPOSES. Article I of the Charter of United Nations specifies the purposes of the UN. The Charter of United Nations (UN Charter) is the UN's governing document, much like the Constitution of the United States of America.

The UN Charter sets out four main purposes:

Maintaining worldwide peace and security

Developing relations among nations

Fostering cooperation between nations in order to solve economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian international problems

Providing a forum for bringing countries together to meet the UN's purposes and goals

History of the United Nations

The predecessor entity to the UN was the League of Nations. The League of Nations was established during WWI in 1919 by the TREATY of Versailles (one of the peace treaties adopted at the end of WWI). The League of Nations' goal was to encourage cooperation between countries and keep international peace and security. Unfortunately, the League of Nations failed to prevent WWII and, therefore, was seen as a failure.

The phrase 'United Nations' was first used by President FRANKLIN D. Roosevelt in the 1942 Declaration by United Nations to describe the group of countries signing such declaration. The Declaration by United Nations was a pledge by twenty-six nations to fight together as the Allied Powers against the Axis Powers during WWII. The Axis Powers was a coalition of countries in WWII HEADED by Germany, Italy, and Japan

On 25th MARCH 1815 treaty of  VIENNA signed.

Wood DESPATCH 1854

A major recomendation of the Wood despatch was to SPREAD EDUCATION among the common PEOPLE and to MAKE them vocationaly efficient.Grant-in-aid system was to introduce as per the recomendation of the Wood despatch.

During the first century AD, Gandhara and Mathura School of Art flourished MAINLY during reign of Kushana emperor Kanishka. Mathura School had developed indigenously. The main traditional centre of PRODUCTION in this school was Mathura, and other important CENTRES were Sarnath and Kosambi. The material used in this school was the spotted red sandstone. This art reached its peak during the Gupta period in 6th or 7th century.

The Mathura school images include those of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, VISHNU, Shiva, Yakshas, Yakshinis, Jinas etc. representing its vitality and assimilative character as a result of the religious zeal of Brahmanism, Jainism and Buddhism. Jina Image and Indigenous style of Buddha’s image was a remarkable feature of Mathura art

Though he lived a short SPAN of life, BIRSA Munda is known to have mobilised the tribal community against the BRITISH and had also forced the colonial OFFICIALS to introduce laws protecting the land rights of the tribals.

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It was FOUGHT by the Greek , with some BUNCH of FOOLS . LIKE if you agree .
wars are between fools...

A country's economy becomes more productive as the proportion of educatedworkers increases since educated workers can more EFFICIENTLY carry out tasks that REQUIRE literacy and critical thinking. ... As a RESULT, many countries provide FUNDING for primary and secondary EDUCATION to improve economic performance.

OIA VILLAGE in SANTORINI ISLAND.

The growth of new towns and cities was a result of MIGRATION of the people from the RURAL areas to the urban areas. The increase in population of urban areas was exponential. The reason of the migration was industrial evolution. People migrated to urban areas in search of employment and better facilities of life. They want to lift up their living standards.

      The industrial revolution was the basic factor that helped the growth of new towns and new cities in 19th century. The SIMPLE towns were getting the shape of manufacturing towns. Colonies were established to accommodate the increasing laborers of the factories. The RAILWAY tracks were laid down for the smoother and faster transportation of the raw materials and the manufactured goods. So the TOWN continued to grow and got bigger.

HINDUISM is the OLDEST RELIGION .

In BARDOLI is the PLACE where this TAX CAMPINGN HELD

The election results were a blow to the League. After the election, MUHAMMAD Ali Jinnah of the League offered to form COALITIONS with the Congress. The League insisted that the Congress should not nominate any MUSLIMS to the ministries, as it (the League) CLAIMED to be the exclusive representative of Indian Muslims. This was not acceptable to the Congress, and it declined the League's offer. The elections too brought the League with a few benefits: ● The party learned a great deal about how to contest elections. ● The League now knew that its (League's) SUPPORT lay more in areas where Muslims were in minority, rather than a majority. ● The League also realised that they had an 'image problem'. Its leaders were seen as aristocrats and princes, whereas many Muslims at that time were poor and illiterate.

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Shauna

Because PEOPLE LIKES this festival.☺️

They aimed to BUILD political unity AMONGST Muslims and use their influence to protect the caliphate. In 1920, they published the KhilafatManifesto, which called UPON the British to protect the caliphate and forIndian Muslims to unite and hold the British ACCOUNTABLE for this purpose

Paris is a PLACE where you will FIND PEACE every where. one can SETTLE there and ENJOY his/her beautiful life

South Africa was the crucible that FORGED Gandhi’s identity as a political activist and was an important prelude to his return to India, where he played a pivotal role in securing its independence from British rule in August 1947.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (his birth name) arrived in South Africa in 1893 at the relatively TENDER AGE of 24 as a newly qualified lawyer on a temporary assignment to act on behalf of a local Indian trader in a commercial dispute. What was meant to be a short stopgap for the struggling young lawyer TURNED into a 21-year stay, with spells in India and England.

By the time Gandhi left South Africa for the last time in 1914, he had already earned the appellation Mahatma (or Great Soul) for his work in securing significant legal concessions for the local Indian population in South Africa.

During his time here, he developed the strategy known as satyagraha (truth-force), in which campaigners went on peaceful marches and presented themselves for arrest in protest against unjust laws.

This form of action was to become one of the great political tools of the 20TH century, influencing the civil rights movement in the United States and the African National Congress in its early years of struggle against apartheid in South Africa.

For those interested in the Gandhi story, his years in South Africa were an important chapter in his path to becoming a leading political figure of the 20th century; there are many touch points and sites of interest on the road the young Gandhi followed in this country.

Video interview with Ela Gandhi

Ela Gandhi is the daughter of Mahatma Gandhi's second son, Manilal, who edited the Indian Opinion for many years. She was a member of the South African Parliament for 10 years after the first democratic elections in 1994, during which time she represented the Phoenix area of Inanda in KwaZulu-Natal. Here she talks about her famous grandfather.

Universal adult franchise

in INDIA all the CITIZENS who are 18 years and above are given right to vote irrespective of the class, caste and race etc

Parliamentary democracy

the constitution establishes India as a parliamentary democracy and which the representatives are directly elected by the people to form government. In such set up executive is a part of legislature and is responsible to it.

Republic

India is a Republic where the head of the STATE is an elected person or not a hereditary monarch.

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There were few towns in Medieval ENGLAND and those that existed were very SMALL by our standards. Most people in Medieval England were village peasants but religious centres did attract people and many developed into towns or cities.

Outside of London, the LARGEST towns in England were the CATHEDRAL cities of Lincoln, Canterbury, Chichester, York, Bath, Hereford etc. That these cities were big can be explained simply because they were cathedral cities. These cities attracted all manner of people but especially traders and pilgrims. After the death of Thomas Becket in 1170, Canterbury Cathedral became a very special place of pilgrimage visited by thousands of people each year.

The Domesday Book of 1087 only included six towns in its enquiry. By the time of Medieval England, we do not have accurate figures for these towns and cities as no count was ever made of population and the figure would have changed throughout the year in all large towns and cities.

A SYSTEM known as feudalism . In a feudal SOCIETY the king granted large pieces of land called fiefs to NOBLEMAN and bishops in RETURN of military service.Landless PEASANTS known as serfs did most of the work on fiefs

Mahatma Gandhi was a charismatic person. Not only did he helped US ACHIEVE freedom. He united us to fight against the tyrant British rule. There are quite a few attributes that you can learn from him.

First and foremost is peace, his message and definition of peace is still reverbated around the world in many ways. Numerous books have been written on them and various writers and THINKERS have adapted it, to their own accord.

But as a normal person its difficult to directly bring it into our day to day lives. But the least we can do is avoid unnecessary arguments and clashes. And the most important peace that we should focus our goals on is the peace of mind .

If the mind is at peace a lot of BURDEN is released. As the control centre of our body is all full efficiency. If this peace is disturbed, stress and panic begins to take over. This can ruin your decision making abilities.

Only thing that you need to think about any problem is whether that will MATTER in your life, 5 years from now.

If it doesn’t, no time should be wasted fretting over it. Just deal it with a calm mind.

The Red Fort in Delhi, once the residence of Mogul Emperor SHAH Jahan, now draws crowds of tourists from all over the world. The massive monument, constructed with red sandstone, also houses a number of museums. Given the popularity of the Red Fort, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) decided to take advantage of the footfall here to showcase something rather unique — coiffure in India through the centuries.

The photo-exhibition, “Kesavinyas” (Sanskrit for arrangement of the hair), has been organised at the Quarters Guard section of Red Fort until the end of January. Thereafter, it will travel to different pats of India.

The rare photographs of sculptures and paintings from the Harappan to the medieval era show men and women sporting different hairstyles.

“HISTORICALLY, hair is associated with charm and power. Probably nowhere in the world has so much imagination, thought and artistry been applied to hairdressing as in India. Not only the common man or woman, but also the deities are identified with their unique hairstyles. While Shiva and Parvati wore their hair in matted locks or jata, early art shows Buddha’s hair as curly,” said an ASI official, speaking on the condition of anonymity as he was not authorised to speak to the media.

Since sculptures and paintings portray such interesting hairstyles that the global fashion fraternity still takes inspiration from, the ASI gathered 80 sculptures from various museums across the country, including the National Museum, New Delhi; Allahabad Museum, Lucknow Museum, Mathura’s State Museum and Patna’s State Museum. Besides, many were sourced from sites such as Ahichhatra, Ajanta, Amravati, Khajuraho and Vellore, and from a private collector from Tamil Nadu.

“Hairdressing was part of daily life. On special occasions such as social gatherings and functions, both men and women wore elaborate hairstyles. Ancient texts enumerate exuberant hairstyles and elaborate coiffure. The hair was also adorned with a variety of JEWELS, tiaras and fillets,” the official said.

Similarly, “Natya Shastra”, an ancient Indian treatise on the performing arts, also mentions that women adopted hairstyles according to geographical regions. While young women of Malwa wore curled locks, women from Gauda tied their hair in a top knot, or plaited the hair.

Hairstyles are well-delineated in stone and terracotta sculptures, paintings and coins. Though hairstyling was common among both elite and the PEASANTS, some scholars believe only the elite class arranged their hair in different styles to distinguish themselves from others. The exhibition highlights important hairstyles from different periods.

 

Protohistoric period

Hairstyling was much in vogue during the Harappan civilisation, as is evident from the antiquities unearthed at various Harappan sites, including Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Kalibangan, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi and Banawali. The Harappans used combs, a variety of which was unearthed from Kalibangan and Mohenjo-daro. An oval-shaped tanged copper mirror was reportedly excavated from Kalibangan and Rakhigarhi.

Women in the olden times took as much care of their hair as they do now. Some terracotta items show women arranged their hair in a curl or knotted at the back, or it was decorated with flowers or flower-shaped ornaments. Men are shown with their hair combed back. It was either cut short or coiled in a knot at the back with a fillet for support. Sometimes, a part was knotted and another part hung freely. In some cases, one part was knotted and another curled. Another FORM was to gather the hair up in a bun or coil it in a ring form on top of the head.

1) The PROCESS of unification of ITALY was the work of 3 MAIN leaders, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Cavour, and Victory Emmanuel II . 
2 ) Italy was divided into 7 states in which only Sardinia-Piedmont was the only region ruled by a Italian Princely house.
3 ) The northern Region was ruled by Austrian-Habsburg dynasty, The CENTRAL was ruled by Popes by France and the Southern region by the Bourbon kings of Spain.
4 ) The unification of Italy started with the secret societies FORMED by Mazzini like the Young Italy and the Young Europe.
5 ) Count Cavour with his tack full diplomacy with France defeated the Austrians and freed the northern Italy.
6 ) Garibaldi with his armed volunteers called RED shirts defeated the Bourbon kings of Spain freeing the kingdom of 2 sicilies.
7 ) Victory Emmanuel the 2nd defeated the popes of France and freeing the southern region and completing the unification of Italy and he was proclaimed the emperor of united Italy. 

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Panipat, JIND, Rohtak, Bhivani, etc . Are some PLACES which receive LESS RAINFALL in Haryana.

ANSWER:

EXPLANATION:

fbsrghrtsrtsbtrbs ertbr

Swachh BHARAT Abhiyan has help MANY STATE to be free from many diseases.
it also attracted many people to make together clean INDIA.
it also attracted to many places where people do not want to GO they all visit there and clean that place.
we salute to every citizen who is helping us to make India a Swatchh country

Hey MATE here is your answer》》

1. The french built CANALS and drained lands in the Mekong DELTA to increase RICE cultivation
2. Used forced labor for construction of irrigation facilities to improve rice cultivation
3. Built infrastructure are transportation facilities for the export of agricultural produce.

Hope this answer will help you..《《

History is an organic PROCESS of RECORDING the past with it's CONTINUITIES and changes.

ESSAY: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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Its a high time and its necessary to protect environment and save whole mankind. They Require Nutrition, Respiration, Reproduction; then why not Equality and Protection? Environmental Conservation is importantbecause when we protect the environment, we are not protecting some DISTINCT, DISTANT entity but ourselves.

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President is the first citizen of our country.
President also the supreme Commander or Commander in CHIEF of Armed Forces(Army,NAVY, Air Force).
President has own living place during his/her SERVING time.
President house is also known as "Rastrapati BHAWAN".

Firstly, the Tughlaq rulers were pious and orthodox Sunni Muslamans and were interested in BUILDING the structure strictly in accordance with religious direction.
Secondly, the Tughlaq were poorer and did not possess SUFFICIENT money to squander away an ambitious architectural plans. Sir John Marshall adds another factor to the above two mentioned by Prof. Srivastava. He says that the decay in early craftsmanship and artisans was another major factor.
Ghiasuddin Tughlaq built Tughluqabad (the third of the 7 CITIES) to the east of Qutab. Though the city and the palaces built by Ghiasuddin Tughlaq are now in ruins but an idea about their magnificent can be still formed.
Marshall says, “Few strongholds of ANTIQUITY,” are more imposing in their ruins, than Tughlaqabad. He says, “Its cyclopean walls, towering grey and somber, above the smiling landscape, colossal, splayed-out bastions; frowning battlements; tiers on tiers of narrow loopholes, steep entrance ways; and lofty narrow portals all these contribute to produce an impres­sion of unassailable strength and melancholy grandeur. Within the walls all is now desolation, but, amid the labyrinth of ruined streets, and buildings, the precincts of the Royal Palace, once roofed with tiles of glittering gift are still discernible; and so too is the citadel rising high above the rest of the town and protected by its own double or triple LINES of defence.”
Marshall further expresses the opinion that the Palace of Tughlaqabad must have been built in hurry with poor material and that is why it did not survive for long.

TREATY of BASSEIN was the REASON.

Following are three importantcauses of the Non-cooperation Movement: ... Thus, the KhilafatMovement furthered the CAUSE of theNon-cooperation Movement. Rowlatt Act - The Rowlatt Act of 1919 authorised the BRITISH GOVERNMENT to arrest and IMPRISON any person WITHOUT trial and convict him in a court.

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Akbar was 13 years OLD when he succeeded his father the MUGHAL EMPEROR HUMAYUN.

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It was USED for MILITARY PURPOSES

Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–58. BEGUN in Meerut by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company, it SPREAD to DELHI, AGRA, Kanpur, and LUCKNOW.

There is a wrong in question

it is not "present" its "peasant"....
actually peasants are small FARMERS and farmers are those PERSONS who usually stay with AGRICULTURE....

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The ECONOMIC development in India followed socialist-inspired politicians for most of its independent HISTORY, including state-ownership of MANY sectors; India's per capita income increased at only around 1% annualised rate in the three DECADES after its independence.  Since the mid-1980s, India has slowly opened up its markets through economic liberalisation. After more fundamental reforms since 1991 and their renewal in the 2000s, India has progressed towards a free market economy.