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utional history and development. Prior to the constituent ASSEMBLY that CONVENED in 1948 to DRAFT the Indian constitution ADOPTED in 1950 and STILL in force to date, the fundamental law of India was mostly embodied in a series of statutes enacted by the British Parliament.

okshabha and RAJYA SABHA

Support and defend the Constitution.Stay informed of the ISSUES affecting your community.Participate in the democratic process.Respect and obey federal, state, and local laws.Respect the rights, BELIEFS, and opinions of others.Participate in your local community.Pay income and other taxes honestly, and on TIME, to federal, state, and local authorities.Serve on a JURY when CALLED upon.Defend the country if the need should arise.

t is any of the LARGE BODIES that orbit the Sun, INCLUDING MERCURY, Venus, ... Earth has perfect conditions for a BREATHABLE atmosphere. ... Life as we know it couldn't survive A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive ..... In the absence of any formal definition, a "planet " came to be understood as any "large" body that

lism : It means attempts to promote religious ideas between GROUPS of people which are identified as different COMMUNITIES. COMMUNALISM can take various FORMS in POLITICS : (i) The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs.

fundamental rights get invalid except Article 20: It mainly deals with protection of CERTAIN rights in case of conviction for offencesArticle 21: Right to liveunder article 356 PRESIDENTS rule is imposed.during presidents rule the following situations arise1. He/She can take up the functions of state govt. and powers VESTED in the governor or any other executive authority in the state. 2. He/She can declare that the powers of state LEGISLATURE are to be exercised by the Parliament. 3. He/She can take all other NECESSARY steps including the suspension of constitutional provisions relating to any body or authority in the state.

he work and power of PARLIAMENT. In INDIAN parliament LAWS they can do this work. So, a DEMOCRATIC country can change or abolish the existing law and make new one's in their place

you TRANSLATE this QUESTION in ENGLISH

are the differences between UNIVERSAL ... Members from any domain may be added. Also, you can use a universal group to assign permissions for ACCESS to RESOURCES in any domain. ... The universal scope can contain user accounts, universal groups, and global groups from any domain. The scope can be a MEMBER of domain local or universal groups in any domain.

known as CONSIDERATION it MEANS something in return. It is a promise which is made by two or more parties.The contract is meant to be LEGAL as both the parties accept the terms and conditions of the contract by SIGNATURE on the agreement.If the contract does not follow the terms it can be sued in the court of the law and the debased party can claim for the LOSSES in occurred.

l violence is a form of violence that is perpetrated across ethnic or communal lines, the violent parties feel solidarity for their respective groups, and victims are chosen based upon GROUP membership.[1] The term includes conflicts, riots and other forms of violence between communities of different religious faith or ethnic origins.[2]United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime includes any conflict and form of violence between communities of different religious group, different sects or tribes of same religious group, clans, ethnic origins or national origin as communal violence.[3]However, this excludes conflict between two individuals or two families.Communal violence is found in Africa,[4][5] the Americas,[6][7] Asia,[8][9] Europe[10] and Australia.[11]The term was constructed by the British colonial authorities as it wrestled to manage violence between religious, ethnic and disparate groups in its colonies, particularly Africa and South Asia, in EARLY 20th century.[12][13][14]Communal violence, in different parts of the world, is alternatively referred to as ethnic violence, non-State conflict, violent civil UNREST, minorities unrest, MASS racial violence, inter-communal violence and ethno-religious violence.[15]

ste HOSTILITY results in communal tension. 1. It is because of the gender DISCRIMINATION, RELIGIOUS festivals, processions etc. 2. Apart from economic reasons, the call for unity which primarily means to achieve political ADVANTAGE is the main source for communal tension in this decade. 3. It was all followed by the ancestors who segregated people by their WORK, colour and place of birth.

atiya Kisan Sangh (BKS) (translation: Indian FARMERS' COLLECTIVE) is an Indian farmers' representative organization affiliated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh,[1] and a MEMBER of the Sangh Parivar.[2] It has units in all states of India, with NEARLY 20,000,000 members.[citation needed] On March 2005, the Bharatiya Kisan Sangh urged the Government of India to set up a $20-billion FUND for the development of agriculture infrastructure in the nation.[3] In 2007, the BKS showed resentment with the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government in Gujarat. Dissatisfied with the prevailing cotton prices, it led to farmers' agitation in Saurashtra.[1]

t court is the lowest court in the hierarchy court of India. The Indian court system has been DIVIDED into three categories.1. ONE of the top there is the Supreme Court, High Court comes in the middle and District court is the lowest court. 2. In India, this judiciary system is designed as per the SIZE of the population and their requirement with the location. 3. This distinction is more efficient for the citizens as they can have solution to their PROBLEMS at the ground level and if they do not get justice they can move for HIGHER hierarchy.

se can IMPEACH a judge with a simple majority vote. However, a judge may only be removed from office following a trial and a vote to CONVICT by a two-thirds majority of the Senate. ... And in OTHERS the number of VOTES required to impeach or convict differs

нєу ıllıllıProhibition WRIT is ISSUED by HIGHER COURT against the lower court PREVENTING them from exceeding their jurisdiction.׺°”˜`”°º× тнχ.. ׺°”˜`”°º×

y before the law means the PRINCIPAL under which all people are SUBJECT to the same law of justice (DUE process). it also means the ability to pass the law law without considering people's personality (with free and fear) if it HELPS (mark as brainliest).

­ly meaning “By what authority”, it is a high prerogative writ and the information in the nature of quo warranto lies against a person who claims or usurps any OFFICE, franchise or liberty, to inquire by what authority he supports his claim in order that the RIGHT to the office or franchise might be determined.The object of this writ is to determine the right of a person to hold a particular public office. Such a person is asked to show what is the authority under which he is holding that office.The person against whom the writ is issued must be in actual occupation of the office. Which office must be a permanent one created by a valid law whose duties is of a public nature?The person who APPLIES for the writ must show what interest he has in the office with reference to which the writ is sought. If the office is of a public nature it is not necessary that the person who ap­plies for the writ must show any infringement of his right.

ntal rights are rights and freedoms guaranteed by constitutions of some COUNTRIES of the world to their citizens. These rights have a legal sanction and are enforceable in a court of law.The Fundamental Duties of citizens were added to the Constitution by the 42ND Amendment in 1976.A fundamental right exists by virtue of the fact that you are a human being whereas a fundamental duty too exists as a RESPONSIBILITY on you as a human being.  Hence the primary difference between fundamental right and fundamental duty is that fundamental right is BASED on privilege granted to you whereas fundamental duty is based on accountability.

objective of the fundamental rights is to provide valid rights to the citizens of the COUNTRY WHEREAS directive principles are like boundaries in which the rules and LAWS should be made.b) The nature of the fundamental rights is negative and nature of directive principles is positive. C) The main FEATURE is protection where the rights contribute to a single citizen whereas the principles contribute to the social community.

year 2018, the Supreme court TOOK a decision on the reservation or Quota in the COUNTRY where the question was that a candidate who BELONGS to a certain quota having a job or other service can enjoy the benefits of reservation in the other STATE? On that question, the supreme court came out with the decision and say 'No' the candidate who ALREADY has a job due to the advantage of a certain quota is not eligible to get a job in the other state of India.

anther was a movement led by the Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar in June 1972. In a NUMBER of educated Dalits, untouchables  from Mumbai slums were also gathered to run this movement. The movement started when Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar, Chairman of the Drafting committee reserved a portion of all ELECTED position for Dalits and for that only Dalit had right to vote them. In response to that Mahatma Gandhi opposed it to stop the rule and  protested against Ambedkar where thousands of Dalit were KILLED by other high-class Hindus.

-party system is a system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national election, and all have the capacity to gain control of GOVERNMENT offices, separately or in coalition.[1] Apart from one-party-dominant and two-party systems, multi-party systems tend to be more common in parliamentary systems than presidential systems and far more common in countries that use proportional representation compared to countries that use first-past-the-post elections. First-past-the-post requires concentrated areas of support for large representation in the legislature whereas proportional representation better reflects the range of a population's views. Proportional systems may have multi-member districts with more than one representative elected from a GIVEN district to the same legislative body, and thus a greater number of viable parties. Duverger's law states that the number of viable political parties is one plus the number of seats in a district. Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, ISRAEL, Italy, Lebanon, Maldives, Mexico, Moldova, Nepal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Sri Lanka, SWEDEN, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tunisia and Ukraine are examples of nations that have used a multi-party system effectively in their DEMOCRACIES. In these countries, usually no single party has a parliamentary majority by itself. Instead, multiple political parties are compelled to form compromised coalitions for the purpose of developing power blocks and attaining legitimate mandate.

y difference between MANDAMUS and QUO warranto is,The meaning of Mandamus is ""to COMMAND"" whereas the meaning of Quo Warranto is ""what is your AUTHORITY"". Mandamus is issued when the NEED to perform a public duty. This can be issued by Supreme or high or district court.Quo Warranto is issued when a public/unknown property is occupied by a single person and it can be issued by any court.

nyukta Maharashtra. (2). erstwhile BOMBAY. (3). GUJARAT. I HOPE it works, if its FINE mark as brainliest.

OR COMPARISONLEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (VIDHAN SABHA)LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL (VIDHAN PARISHAD)MeaningLegislative Assembly is the lower HOUSE of the STATE legislature, WHOSE members represents the PEOPLE of the State, as they are directly ELECTED by the people.Legislative Council is the upper house of Indian States, which follows a bicameral legislature, whose members are partly elected and partly nominated.BodyTemporary bodyPermanent bodyElectionDirect electionIndirect electionMembersMaximum members are 500, while minimum members are 60.One third of the total members of Vidhan Sabha, but it should not be less than 40.Minimum age for Membership25 years30 yearsPresiding OfficerSpeakerChairmanPlease mark as brainliest

Service India In India, no fundamental right has given RISE to so MUCH of LITIGATION than property right between state and individuals. ... Accordingly no person SHALL be deprived of his property save by the authority of law. HOWEVER, regarding right to property what kind of protection given by the US Constitution under Article 300A.

is the CORRECT ANSWER MARK as BRAINLIEST

e !! this is your answerrights of the people and inalienable rights of the people who enjoy it under the charter of rights contained in Part III (Article 12 to 35) of Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. These include individual rights common to most liberal DEMOCRACIES, such as equality before law, FREEDOM of speechand expression, religious and cultural freedom and peaceful assembly, freedom to practice religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights by means of writs such as habeas CORPUS, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto. Violation of these rights result in punishments as prescribed in the Indian Penal Code or other special laws, subject to discretion of the judiciary. The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedoms that every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious development of personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste or gender. Though the rights conferred by the constitution other than fundamental rights are equally valid and their enforcement in case of violation shall be secured from the judiciary in a TIME consuming legal process. However, in case of fundamental rights violation, the Supreme Court of India can be approached directly for ultimate JUSTICE per Article 32. The Rights have their origins in many sources, including England's Bill of Rights, the United States Bill of Rights and France's Declaration of the Rights of Man.

ntroduced the Minimum WAGES Act in 1948,[2] giving both the Central government and State government jurisdiction in fixing wages. The act is legally non-binding, but statutory. Payment of wages below the minimum wage rate amounts to forced labour. Wage boards are set up to review the industry’s capacity to pay and fix minimum wages such that they at least cover a family of four’s requirements of calories, shelter, clothing, education, medical assistance, and entertainment. Under the law, wage rates in scheduled EMPLOYMENTS differ across states, SECTORS, skills, regions and occupations owing to difference in costs of living, regional industries' capacity to pay, consumption patterns, etc. Hence, there is no single UNIFORM minimum wage rate across the country and the structure has become overly complex. The highest minimum wage rate as updated in 2012 is Rs. 322/day in Andaman and NICOBAR[3] and the lowest is Rs. 38/day in Tripura.[4]

t means of CONTROL are effective means of supplementing the more direct means of control. Dissolution of MUNICIPAL council is ONE of the ROOST effective.❣❣HOPE IT HELPS U ❣❣❣❣PLEASE MARK MY ANSWER AS BRAINLILIST ❣❣❣❣THANKS ❣❣☺☺☺➖◾◼⬛ ♠️ €Ʉ₮Ɇ $₮₳Ɍ ♥️ ⬛◼◾➖

️Democracy is a GOVERNMENT of the PEOPLE, by the people and for the people. A democratic government must WORK for ENSURING the participation of all people in the political process.It should protect the civil liberties and basic rights of the people.It should preserve the dignity and freedom of all citizens.It should make laws for the welfare of people irrespective of differences among the people.It should keep the transparency and ACCOUNTABILITY of its work.Citizens must be made aware of their rights and duties by the government.

SCIENCE CONGRESS ASSOCIATION (ISCA)The Association was formed with the following objectives :To advance and promote the cause of science in India;To hold an annual congress at a suitable place in India;To publish such proceedings, journals, transactions and other publications as may be considered desirable;To secure and manage funds and endowments for the promotion of Science including the rights of disposing of or selling all or any portion of the properties of the Association;To do and perform any or all other acts, matters and things as are conductive to, or incidental to, or necessary for, the above objects.nteraction with foreign scientific academies/associationsAfter independence ISCA has been actively represented in various foreign scientific academies/associations, namely BRITISH Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, FRENCH Academy of Sciences, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, etc. with a view to have a first hand knowledge on topics of mutual interest.Conflict within the Indian science systemCorruption in India is a major problem and the science sector is no exception.ISCA has served as a platform to discuss the issues facing Indian scientists, with some calling for transparency, a meritocratic system, and an overhaul of the bureaucratic agencies that oversee science and technology. In her commentary on the centenary session of ISCA, Sumit Bhaduri stated, “[t]he challenges of turning Indian science into part of an innovation process are MANY. … Many competent Indian scientists aspire to be INEFFECTUAL administrators [due to administrative power and political patronage], rather than do the kind of science that makes a difference.

advocate HAMPER the INCOME TAX proceefding what action can be dome against HIMIF any advocate hamper the income tax proceefding what action can be dome against him..✧══════•❁❀❁•══════✧.

son who is not a MEMBER of EITHER houses of PARLIAMENT is not appointed as a Prime MINISTER.

y way to OVERCOME this is GETTING EQUALITY in our BEHAVIOR with people with any financial CONDITION.

ic STRUCTURE doctrine was further clarified in Minerva MILLS V. UNION of India.

not the one to MAKE it so BETTER go ASK BR AmbedkarLMAO!!!

ed by Slow Food, the Taste Marketplace at Slow Food NATIONS is a gathering of food producers and organizations who support good, clean and fair food. This is not your typical trade show or convention. Slow Food is a global, grassroots nonprofit that bridges farmers and producers, individuals and businesses, Slow Food chapters and community leaders. Connect with this movement in the heart of downtown DENVER over two bustling days: Saturday, July 20 from 10am-8pm and Sunday, July 21 from 10am-6pm. We provide the opportunity to sell your product to a new audience, build bridges between producers and buyers from across NORTH AMERICA, and share your story at the most important North American good food event in 2019!

ess party was found in 1885 and has experience many split2.This party SUPPORT secularism and welfare of WEAKER SECTION or MINORITIES.

Objectives of Disinvestment: 1. To obtain release of the large amount of public RESOURCES locked up in non-strategic Public sector units for re-employment in areas that are much higher on the social priority e.g. health, family, welfare etc. and to reduce the public debt that is assuming threatening proportions. 2. Privatization would help stemming further outflows of the scarce public resources of sustaining the unviable non-strategic public sector unit. 3. Privatisation would facilitate transferring the commercial risk to which the tax payer’s money locked up in the public sector is exposed to the private sector wherever the private sector is willing to step in. 4. Privatisation would release tangible and intangible resources such as large manpower locked up in managing PSU’s and release them for deployment in high priority social sector 5. Disinvestment would expose privatized companies to market disciplines and help them become self reliant. 6. Disinvestment would result in wider distribution of wealth by offering shares of privatized companies to small investors and employees. 7. Disinvestment would have a BENEFICIAL effect on the capital market. The increase in floating stock would give the market more depth and liquidity, give investors early exit options, help establish more accurate benchmarks for valuation and raising of funds by privatized companies for their PROJECTS and expansion. 8. Opening up the public sector to private investment will increase economic activity and have an overall beneficial effect on economy, employment and tax revenues in the medium to long term. 9. Bring relief to consumers by way of more choices and better quality of products and services, e.g. Telecom sector. Demerits/Criticism of Disinvestment: 1. The amount raised through disinvestment from 1991-2001 was Rs. 2051 crores per year which is too meagre. Further, the way money released by disinvestment is being used, remaining undisclosed. 2. The loss of PSU’s is rising. It was 9305 crore in 1998 and 10060 crore in 2000. 3. This is welcome but disinvestment of profit making public sector units will rob the government of good returns. Further, if department of disinvestment wants to get away with commercial risks, why should it retain equity in disinvested PSU’s, e.g. Balco (49%), Modern Foods (26%) etc. 4. The growth in social sector is not in any way hindered by non availability of manpower. 5. This is true but only when the govt, ensures that the market system regulates and disciplines privatized firms taking CARE of public’s interest. 6. Privatization programme is generally not been affected through the public sales of shares. Earlier, sale of shares (1991-96) attracted the employees to a limited extent and was not friendly to small investors and employees. 7. In most cases, shares of disinvested PSU’s are by and large in the hands of institutions with little floating stock. The present policy of privatization through the strategic partner route would also not achieve these objectives. 8. Hindustan Lever has categorically stated that it has no plans for any capital infusion in Modern food industries acquired by it in January, 2002. The supporter of disinvestment had thought that tax payer’s money would be saved through private sector investment. 9. No monopoly is good. Only fair and full competition can bring relief to consumers.

stitution (31st Amendment)Act, 1973. 1. Increased the elective strength of the Lok Sabha from 525 to 545. Under the Act, the upper limit of representatives of the States goes up from 500 to 525 and that of the Union TERRITORIES decreases from 25 to 20.it will help u:)'