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Vascular bundles are present in the plant parts which have xylem and phloem. These are responsible for the transportation of materials in plats. Xylem transports water from roots to the leaves. Phloem transports food prepared by leaves to all the parts of the plant.

Root absorb water due to Root Pressure and transpiration.

Valves of the heart control the flow of the blood.

Yes. The root hairs are directly contact with water.

(A) 120 and 80 mm of Hg

(B) Sphygmomanometer

(D) Transpiration

(C) Root hairs

The three main types of blood vessels in the human body are: 

1. Arteries 

2. Veins 

3. Capillaries

The normal blood pressure of a human being is 120/80.

Micronutrients and macronutrients are the different types of nutrients required for plant growth.

Phloem tissue transports food to all the other parts of the plant.

Xylem tissue transports water to all the other parts of the plant.

1. It is a very costly mode of transport. The rates and fares charged by which is beyond the reach of common people. 

2. Air craft are not quite suitable for carrying heavy loads and weights.

Correct Answer is: (d) Rail

Trade and transport connects the producer and customer.

A common carrier is a person who is engaged in the business of carrying goods for hire indiscriminately for all persons. There are organizations transporting goods on designated routes according to a fixed regular schedule, offering to transport goods for hire for all people without discrimination.

Communication can be divided into two parts:

1. Individual Communication System.
2. Mass Communication System.

In modern age, communication is carried out through mail services, telegraph, telephone, mobile telephones, smartphones and satellites.

Internet and smartphones are the most effective gadgets for individual communication system.

The discoveries of mobile phones, smartphones and satellites have made modem communication speedy and easy.

There has been a revolution in telecommunication due to various applications on social media.

1. Take a shirt button. 

2. Insert a matchstick into the button. 

3. Place it on wrist. 

4. We have to observe the movements of the matchstick.

No, the thickness of the wall of the heart is not uniform throughout. Atria are thin and ventricles are thick.

(C) Coronary vessels

Salt (sodium) levels will be more in accumulated water at the time of edema. If salt is not reduced in food the salt levels increase in blood and cause other problems in the body. Hence it is advised to take low amounts of salt in food.

The body movements will be less in the journey. So taking little food is good for easy digestion.

Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to body parts whereas veins carry deoxygenated blood from body parts to the heart.

Atrium and ventricle of the same side are connected by atrium ventricular aperture.

The human heart starts beating around the 21st day during embryonic development.

One contraction and one relaxation of atria and ventricles are called one cardiac cycle.

Left atrIum: The upper left chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein.

Butcher: A person whose trade is cutting up and selling meat in a shop.

Right ventricle: The lower right chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium. Sends deoxygenated blood to lungs through the pulmonary artery. 

Left ventricle: The lower left chamber of the heart from which the main Aorta that supplies oxygenated blood to aH body parts except for lungs.

The heart is divided into four parts by grooves.

The space between the two layers of pericardial membrane (Pericardium) is filled with pericardial fluid which protects the heart from shocks.

The anterior end of the heart is broader and the posterior end is narrow.

Observe the internal structure – observe the wall of the heart.

Protection of human heart:

1. Heart in human beings is protected in different ways. 

2. It is enclosed in a double layered, transparent thin membrane called pericardium. 

3. The space between the inner and outer layers is called pericardial space. 

4. This space is filled with a fluid called pericardial fluid. 

5. Pericardium and pericardial fluid protect the heart from physical shocks. 

6. It is also protected by ribcage or chest cavity.

There are five large blood vessels attached to the heart.

Two thin, transparent layers are covering the heart.

(A) Stethoscope

The size of our heart is approximately size of our fist.

Foxes, Badgers, Hawks, Owls are encouraged by foresters to keep down the population of voles and Rabbits that damage plants.

1. Arteries are deep seated to prevent them from any damage. As arteries carry oxygenated blood, a damage to them results in loss of the oxygenated blood. 

2. Arteries lie deeper in the body because it helps them to contain high pressure so that they can carry blood from the heart to all the body parts. 

3. Because the deeper the arteries are in the body, the warmer the blood is. The warmer the blood, the more oxygen the haemoglobin is able to carry. 

4. Veins are located superficially as the pressure inside them is very low and contain deoxygenated blood.

Also their superficial location helps in efficient flow of blood in them by muscular contraction and relaxation in our body.

When the hand is tied the blood which is passing away from heart is stopped. So the subcutaneous blood vessels bulge.