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If blood flows through the heart only once for completing one circulation it is called single circulation. eg: Fish.

If the blood flows through the heart twice for completing one circulation it is called double circulation. eg: Frog, Reptiles, Aves, and Mammals.

A) Lymphatic system

The vital link between blood and cell tissues is Lymph

1. The pressure with which the blood flows in the blood vessels is known as blood pressure. 

2. Blood pressure is measured in the upper artery. 

3. There are two pressure readings. 

4. One measures the strongest pressure during the time blood is forced out of the ventricles. This is called systolic pressure. 

5. For a healthy young adult it will be 120 mm of Hg. 

6. The second reading is taken during the rest period, as the ventricles refills with blood. This is called diastolic pressure. 

7. The diastolic pressure will be 80 mm of Hg.

8. Doctors measure the blood pressure with a device called sphygmomanometer.

Brownian movement: The erratic random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid, as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the surrounding medium.

Protoplasm shows Brownian movements in Amoeba.

1. Dangling: Hanging or swinging loosely.

2. Spurts: A sudden strong flow of a liquid, a sudden increase in something.

The heart beats faster during and after an exercise remembered by me. Because at that time our body needs more energy under these conditions. The faster breathing of heart pumps blood more rapidly to the body organs which supplies more oxygen to the body cells for rapid respiration to produce more energy. That is a great job for heart muscle.

Open type of circulatory system: Blood vessels are absent. Blood supplies nutrients directly to the tissues. e.g: Arthropods, many mollusks.

Badger: A heavily built omnivorous nocturnal mammal of the weasel family, typically having a grey and black coat.

The transportation system which supplies nutrients to the tissues directly is called open type of circulatory system, e.g: Arthropods, many molluscs and lower chordates.

(C) Arthropods

Sycamore: It is a name that is applied at various times and places to several different types of trees, but with somewhat similar leaf forms.

(A) casuarina

The instrument used to measure blood pressure is a sphygmomanometer.

A) Both a and b are true

Answer is (C) Vein

India’s export includes iron ore and minerals, engineering goods such as cycle, fans, sewing machines, cars, railway coaches, computer software, etc. We also export chemicals and related items, gemstones, hide and leather goods, cotton textile, fish and fish products, handicrafts, tea-coffee, jute and jute products, readymade clothes etc.

1. The PULMONARY ARTERY originates in the right ventricle. Outside the heart, it divides into two branches – RIGHT and LEFT PULMONARY ARTERIES. 

2. They carry deoxygenated blood to right and left lungs for oxygenation.

A) both a & b are true

If blood flows through heart only once in one circulation is called single circulation, e.g: Fish.

Water is absorbed due to Osmosis.

There are about 100 ropeways in India.

(c) Brahmani river

Thrombin: An enzyme in blood plasma that causes the clotting of blood by converting fibrinogen to fibrin.

Fibrinogen: A blood protein that helps in the clotting of blood when the vessels are injured.

Pericardial membrane: The membrane that surrounds the heart and protects it from mechanical shocks.

D) cell sap acts as 4 semipermeable membrane.

Mineral salts are necessary for plant nutrition and they are obtained from the soil solution through root hair.

Biologists studied food transportation in plants with the help of aphids.

Circulation: The movement of blood around the body

Auricles: The upper chambers of the heart are called Auricles.

Water also evaporates through the lenticels of the stem. 

Fully grown maize plant transpires 15 liters per week. 

The tissue that helps in the conduction of water is the xylem and the tissue that transports food in the phloem. 

There is a relationship between transportation and transpiration in plants.

Correct Answer is: (d) Air

Air consignment note is prepared in Three forms.

(d) Bill of lading

When goods are to be consigned in large quantity, it is advantageous to hire the whole or substantial part of the ship. The document through which this contract is made is known as ‘Charter Party’ may also be known as ‘Voyage Charter’ or ‘Time Charter’. The person who hires the ship is known as ‘Charter’. The charter becomes responsible to the third parties for the acts of the master and crew of the ship.

Types of transport: 

(a) Land Transport 

(b) Water transport 

(c) Air Transport

(a) Land Transport: Transport of people and goods by land vehicles is known as Land transport. It is also called as ‘Surface Transport’.

1. Pack Animals : Animals like horse, mule, donkey, camel, elephant etc., are used for carrying small loads in backward areas, hilly traces, forest regions and deserts known as pack animals.

2. Bullock Carts : It constitutes the predominant form of rural road transport in India for goods traffic and to some extent for passengers’ traffic.

3. Road Transport : Road Transport is one of the most promising and potent means suitable for short and medium distances.

4. Motor lorries and Buses : From the dawn of civilization, people have been endeavoring to form roads and use wheeled vehicles to facilitate transport of men and materials.

5. Tramways : It made their appearance in the 19th century as a form of transport suitable for big cities. Tramways were initially horse drawn later steam – power and now electrically operated.

6. Railway Transport : The invention of steam engine by James Watt, revolutionized the mode of transport all over the world.

7. Recent Trends in Transport : Metro Rail, Monorail, Bullet train, Pipeline Transport, Conveyor Transport, Ropeway transport and Hyper loop transport.

(b) Water Transport: “Water is a free gift of nature’. Human civilization through gradual application of science and technology, have utilized water resources for economic, political and military activities.

1. Inland Waterways : Inland Waterways comprise of rivers, canals and lakes. It is also known as internal water transport.

2. Ocean or Sea Transport : Ocean transport has been playing a significant role in development of economic, social and cultural relations among countries of the world.

(a) Coastal shipping 

(b) Overseas shipping

(i) Liner (ii) Tramps

(c) Air Transport: Air transport is the fastest and the costliest mode of transport. Commercial air transport is now one of the most prominent modes of overseas transport. Domestic and International flights are the air travels.

According to KK Saxena, “the transport system acts with reference to the area it serves in the same way as a candle does in a dark room”.

1. It increases the efficiency of production. 

2. It stimulates wants by increasing quantity and variety of consumer goods.

1. It is considered as the cheapest mode of transport among the other modes of transport. 

2. It is most suitable for heavy loads.

(b) Kolkata and Vishakhapatnam

(c) Nhava Sheva – New Mangalore

(D) blood platelets

Animal without red blood cells is Snail

Haemoglobin present in our red blood cells is a kind of Protein

A) Forest region

(B) Transpiration

C) The low air pressure requires more red blood corpuscles to supply the body cells with oxygen.