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Explain structure of nephron |
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Answer» Structure of Nephron :- Nephron is the filtration unit of kidney. It consists of a trouble which is connected with collecting duct at one end and a cup-shaped structure at the other end. Tdvjkgdg \xa0\tA kidney is composed of an enormous number of\xa0uriniferous tubules. They are also known as\xa0nephrons\xa0or\xa0renal tubules\xa0or\xa0kidney tubules.\tNephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidney.\tEach kidney is formed of about 1 million nephrons.\tNephrons are held together by a connective tissue.Structure of nephron:\tEach nephron is made of a glomerulus and a renal tubule.Glomerulus:\tIt is a\xa0tuft of anastomosing blood capillaries\xa0formed by the fine branches of the\tafferent arteriole.\xa0\tThese capillaries of the glomerulus again unite to form the\xa0efferent arteriole.\tThe afferent arteriole is wider than the efferent arteriole.\tThe afferent arteriole brings blood into the glomerulus, while the efferent arteriole collects blood from the glomerulus.Renal Tubule:The renal tubule comprises the following regions:Bowman’s Capsule\tThe Bowman’s capsule lies in the cortex.\tIt is a thin double-walled, cup-like depression.\tIt is the blind end of the nephron.\tThe glomerulus is located in the concave depression of the Bowman’s capsule.\tThe Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus together are called Malpighian Capsule or Renal Capsule.\tThe outer layer of the Bowman’s capsule is made of flattened epithelial cells.\tThe inner layer is in close contact with the glomerulus and bears special cells called podocytes.\tPodocytes have many feet-like processes called pedicels and minute slit-like pores called slit pores.Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)\tPCT lies in the\xa0cortex.\tIt is also known as the\xa0first convoluted tubule.\tThe Bowman’s capsule continues into the PCT.\tIt is lined with a layer of columnar epithelial cells.\tThe columnar cells are with numerous microvilli to increase the surface area of absorption. Loop of Henle\tIt lies in the\xa0medulla.\tIt is U-shaped.\tIt is not convoluted.\tIt has a descending limb and an ascending limb.\tEach limb has a thick region towards the cortex and a thin region towards the medulla.\tThick regions are lined with columnar epithelial cells.\tThin regions are lined with flat epithelial cells. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)\tIt lies in the\xa0cortex.\tIts short terminal part is called a collecting tubule.\tThe collecting tubule opens into the\xa0collecting duct.\tDCT in lined with ciliated columnar epithelial cells.\tThe\xa0collecting duct\xa0receives the contents of many renal tubules.\tThe\xa0collecting duct\xa0is a larger duct which receives collecting tubules of several nephrons.\tCollecting ducts pass into the renal medulla and join with each other to form the\xa0ducts of Bellini.\tThe ducts of Bellini run through the renal pyramids and open into calyces.\tAll calyces open into the pelvis.\tFrom the pelvis, urine is carried to the urinary bladder through the ureters. |
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