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Antibiotics are the drugs that blocks the biochemical pathways important for bacterial growth. 1 These are used to cure diseases caused by bacteria, e.g. Pencillin.

While alighting from the moving bus, the feet of the person will suddenly come to rest while rest of the body is in the state of motion due to inertia of motion and hence the person may fall down and may get injured.

Chromoplastid

a = 2 m/s²; m= 12.5 kg
F = m × a
= 2 × 12.5 = 25 N

Kilowatt hour is the commercial unit of electrical energy.
When 1000 watt power is used for one hour it is 1 kW h.
(1000 watt) × (3600 seconds) i.e., 3600000 joules = 3.6 × 10⁶ J
3.6 × 10⁶ J is defined as 1 kW h

• The fibrous roots in monocot plants are short, gives less nutrient to the plant, during spring when leaves are shed.
• Bulbs present in the roots of monocot plants store food and supply it to the plant.

Rutherford’s scattering experiment: He selected a very thin gold foil to be bombarded with fast moving α-particles – which are doubly positively charged ‘He’ ions.
The fast moving a-particles have a considerable amount of K. E. to hit the gold atoms.
Observations:

• Most of the α-particles passed straight through the foil without any deflection.
• One out of 12,000 particles appeared to rebound.

Inference:

• There is a positive centre inside the atom at the centre, called nucleus.
• The electrons revolve around the nucleus in well defined orbits.
• The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.

20 mL – 10 mL = 10 mL
∵ 5 × 2 = 10
Each mark is of 2 mL value.

Atomic number is 17
Element is chlorine 1
Electronic configuration – 2, 8, 7; valency – 1

1. Plant root cells absorb water by osmosis.
2. The unicellular organisms like amoeba takes in the required material by osmosis.

• By the conversion of CO₂ into glucose by green plants in the presence of sunlight during photosynthesis.
• Usage of carbonates dissolved in sea-water by marine animals to make their shells.

1. The measuring cylinder should be placed on a plain flat surface.
2. The lower meniscus and eyeline should be parallel.

• The sound waves with frequency less than 20 Hz is called infrasound.
• The sound waves with frequency higher than 20 kHz is called ultrasound.

Height of each step = 25 cm
No. of steps = 20
Total height = 25 × 20 = 500 cm = 5 m
Work done = m × g × h = 45 × 10 × 5 = 2250 J
Power = \(\frac { Workdone }{ Time }\) = \((\frac { 2250 }{ 20 } )\) = 112.5 Watt

Power: ability to do the work by a body in given time. Its S.I. unit is Watt.

Raghav was late that day. He walked fast as it was getting dark. His family had shifted to this locality just last month and he was still not sure about the area. He took the shortcut through the park, but then realized that he had taken the wrong exit. He walked on for a while but panic was creeping in. He wanted to reach home as soon as possible. He soon realized that he had lost his way because he did not see the familiar landmarks. He wanted to turn back but he did not want to go through the park again. He glanced at his watch and was horrified to see that it was 10 o’clock. He knew that his mother must be waiting for him. Suddenly he heard footsteps behind him and thinking that someone was following him, he walked faster. He started running when he heard the footsteps getting nearer. He did not know where he was going, but he ran until he fell down. Someone grabbed him and Raghav screamed loudly. He heard his brother calling out to him. Raghav breathed a sigh of relief and went home with his brother.

Favourable outcomes are (1, 4), (3, 4), (5, 4), (4, 1), (4, 3), (4, 5)
Total possible outcomes = 36

Required Probability =6/36=1/6

The answer is (C) The spirit of laws 

The correct option is (A) F, Cl.

Explanation:

The pair with minimum electronegativity difference is F,Cl as they are from same group and the period is 2nd for F and 3rd for Cl. We know electronegativity decreases down the group and increases along a period. So if elements respective period are consecutive and same group then there will be least electronegativity difference between two atom which is only possible in F,Cl 

For C, H and P, H group and period both are different. 

For Na, Cs group is same but period is not consecutive as Na is from 3rd period and Cs is from 6th period.

Step 1: Equations of plane through P(-2, 3, -4) and parallel to the given plane is:

4(x + 2) + 12(y - 3) -3(z + 4) = 0

4x  + 12y - 3z - 40 = 0

Step: General point on the line

A(3r - 2, (4r -3)/2, (5r-4)/3)

Step 3: A is on the given plane therefore

12r - 8 + 24r - 18 - 5r + 4 - 40 = 0

31r = 62

r = 62/31

r = 2

A(4, 5/2,2)

Hence PA = √36 + 1/4 + 36

= √(144+ 1 + 144)/4

= √289/4

= 17/2

y = ae^2x + be^-x .........(1)

dy/dx = 2ae^2x - be^-x .........(2)

d²y/dx² = 4ae^2x + be^-x ...........(3)

putting values on LHS

= d²y/dx² - dy/dx - 2y

= (4ae^2x + be^-x) - (2ae^2x - be^-x) - 2(ae^2x + be^-x)

= 4ae^2x + be^-x - 2ae^2x + be^-x - 2ae^2x - 2be^-x 

^{= 0}

180 = 144 × 1 + 36

144 = 36 × 4 + 0

∴ HCF(180 -144) = 36

36 = 13m − 16

Solving, we get m = 4

HCF of 144 and 180 is 36. According to the question, 13m - 16 = 36 , 13m=52  ;   m= 4

Let two consecutive positive integers be x and x + 1

∴ x²+ (x + 1)² = 365

⇒ x² + x -182 = 0

(x +14) (x -13) = 0

 ∴ x = 13

Hence two consecutive positive integers are 13 and 14

(i) Select * from faculty

where salary > 12000

(ii) Select * from Courses

where fees between 15000 and 50000

(iii) Update courses set fees = fees + 500

where Cname = “System Design”

(iv) Select * from faculty fac,courses cour

where fac.f_id = cour.f_id

and fac.fname = 'Sulekha'

order by cname desc

(iv) 4

(iv) 6000

(c) Remittances to relative staying abroad - (iii) Debit side of current Account of Balance of Payment

In an economy, break-even point and equilibrium point may lie at the same level of income, if ex-ante investments are zero .

The formula to calculate Primary deficit is Primary Deficit = Fiscal Deficit - Interest Payments

This statement is true

False: It is the disposable income of the whole country (public sector and private sector).

False: Travelling allowances are paid by an employee and then recovered from employer. It is not a part of national income.

False: It is a part of domestic output. It is a part of national income.

(d) The income earners

(d) Fiscal deficit – Interest payments

Noise pollution has become hazardous in many big cities of India like Delhi , Mumbai due to following factors-

1.  With the increase in population, the volume of traffic and passenger has increased. This has led to more noise pollination.

2.  More people have become prosperous in the cities. As a result of this, number of private vehicles such as cars have increased significantly. This has led to traffic jams during peak hours, i.e. in the morning and in the evening when people go and come from office. This has increased noise pollution on the roads.

3.  Rapid industrialisation in and around the residential Colony has also increased noise pollution. Small and cottage industries are set up in the areas near the market.

4.  The construction activities have increased to accommodate the ever increasing population in the big cities. These activities become hazardous as too much noise is created by them.

5.  Religious activities, social functions, rallies, etc. create noise pollution particularly in the late hours of the day. 

(i) A person can reach the pinnacles of glory by following discipline.

(ii) It acts as a restraint and at the same time builds self-confidence.

(iii) Moreover it balances the personality of a person and inculcates good work ethics.

Exceptional Handling : A Java exception is an object that describes an exceptional (that is error) condition that has occurred in a piece of code. When an exceptional condition arise, an object representing that exception is created and thrown in the method that caused the error. The method may choose to handle the exception itself, or pass it on.

Java exception handling is managed via five keywords. try, catch, throws and finally.

Any code that absolutely must be executed after a try block completes is put under finally block.

ERROR          CORRECTION

(b) often               always

(c) with                 of

(d) procession      processions

(e) on                    for

(i) Ode: To Autumn , John Keats

(ii) woman / a fertile female goddess. Not only because seasons were traditionally personified as female in European art, but also because this season has oh-so-soft hair.

(iii) among the store of grain/ sitting carelessly on a granary floor

(iv) granary floor, half reaped furrow

(v) winnowing wind- alliteration

(a)  Hamlet's Dilemma by William Shakespeare 

(b)  Hamlet can choose to exist in shame or fight back in rage and triumph over the indignities that he suffers.

(c)  cruel barbaric circumstances/arbitrary fate 

(d)  Metaphor: Unfortunate events that can occur to a person are compared to slings and arrows/b) "a sea of troubles",Metaphor: the many troubles that a person might  suffer from are compared to a sea.

Mummified monkey's paw had a spell put on it by a fakir to prove that fate ruled people-it fulfilled 3 wishes but was mischievous as it brought misfortune and the last owner had wished for death

Herbert White does not believe in it at all and makes fun of the story- Mr and Mrs White begin to believe in the power of the paw and make 3 wishes at various points in the play. they did this to care the burden of repaying the laon for their house. 

• past is done with

• we can't change it

• future is yet to come

• we may be able to shape it

• the past has given us some part of the truth

• the future hides it and invites us to search for them

• we have to often struggle to leave the past behind 

Marian:

different girl/ not dreamt of by mother-deaf and dumb 

shy,hesitant,reserved, withdrawn 

didn’t understand their games and slangy conversation

Freda:

Anne’s dream girl’ golden girl’- golden voiced

Confident, extrovert,

Insistence on meeting Marian showed determination& strength 

Liked being addressed by name not ‘child’

Common trait:

Both lonely- Freda having no siblings, no friend

So came to Marian’s house, played ‘school’ .

• captivated the audience by his voice and presence

• men and women looked at him in awe-half horrified,half charmed

• opening address was quiet and humorous

• narrated imaginary experiences of his boyhood

• gradually his anecdotes became gruesome and hideous

• he spoke of the agony of those executed and mirrored their last moments before the execution.

• He shrieked his remorse

• There was pin drop and tense silence in the audience and when he exited there was a thunderous applause.

• Nehru quoted Romain Rolland  
• can’t afford to live in dreams, nature and avoid neighbours 
• other’s sufferings must be felt, can’t escape from our duty towards others
• thought should lead to action 
• people fear consequences of action- fear risks
• Nehru believed – risks add zest to life
• overcoming dangers give us the real joys of life

Lord Weston is absent minded-does not remember that he has written the note himself-neither does he recognise his handwriting- immediately jumps to a conclusion that his life is in danger- pompous to believe that he is as important as Julius Caesarpanics and takes hasty and extreme measures for his protection- Lady Weston on the other hand is a practical woman with a great deal of common sense- Knows her husband's habit of over reacting- tries to bring sanity to the situation by reasoning with him-but when it seems he is not willing to listen to sense she makes light of the situation by using humour and sarcasm.

(i) A Walk By Moonlight - Poem by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio

(ii) pleasant moments of the past

(iii) Those hours spent in nature are thus soft: gentle, calm, peaceful and inspirational

(iv) He realizes that to understand the universe we must first understand ourselves / discovers immense joy as his senses are awakened and he establishes oneness and interconnectedness with nature.

(v) soft hours – metaphor

• turned tables on Robichon
• Quinquart style different : more secretive, invited Robichon at Marquis de Thevenin’s house, himself playing Marquis, Robichon flattered, served wine to Robichon- asked about Victor, revealed that Victor was his son, called Robichon murderer, declared wine had poison
• Robichon paralysed with fear  
• Quinquart had last laugh, removed wig
• story published in newspaper, people’s unanimous judgment

• believes he will be assassinated like Caesar
• orders to get all doors and windows barred,locked, chained 
• takes out his revolver
• sees ilex tree as the source of shooting, insulates himself
• puts parcel into water
• at the end looks ridiculous

• means are important-bad means never give good results
• Einstein does not support Darwin’s theory justifying spirit of competition
• Considers man a social animal-mutual understanding and cooperation
• So teacher/school should not encourage competition among students
• Should employ methods to create individual ambition, building harmonium personalities

• makes us question our moral values
• the warning of the paw is that you need to be really careful what you wish for
• Whites are warned that the outcome of the wishes is not what they think it is.
• have a home and food and all of their basic needs but wanting to have what is unattainable to them