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Helmets- spike, plume holder, faceguard, neck piece, mail curtain.

Leg armour- sabaton and greaves

Arm armour- Bajubandh, gauntlet

(a) Centre front length for lower garment – From centre front waistline intersection at centre front down to the desired length.

(b) Front hipline- Place a pin at 7” below the waistline on centre front line. From CF intersection to side seam intersection.

(c) Back hipline-From CB intersection to SS intersection on hip line.

(a) Take one dart sloper, draw a slash line.

(b) Slash the line and close a part of the waist dart

(c) Add 1-11/2 inches on the side seam.

(d) Blend till hip level for both front and back. (Along with relevant figures).

Take two dart skirt sloper. Measure the dart towards the side seam and add the measurement to the one which is towards CF/CB and eliminate the 2nd dart. The length of new dart is to be 5.5 inches. (Along with relevant figure)

Sanya would need to pick a size that accommodates larger measurement i.e. according to hip.

Silhouette- A-line flared or tent.

Linen and cotton provide comfort, flexibility and air absorption for use over long working hours.

Using basic bodice block, go up by ½ inches on the armhole level. (along with relevant figure)

In basic bodice, go up ½ inch on the armhole level. (Along with a relevant figure).

Skirt swing forward or backwards, towards the side that is smaller.

Rose Bertin is known as ‘Minister for fashion’.

 Capital city of Mughal Empire.- 

Agra, Lahore, Delhi Fatehpur Sikri- Anyone to be mentioned 

The word 'literacy' means an ability to read and write. In a civilized country, every citizen should learn how to read and write. If not, he is called an illiterate person. An illiterate person has to face many practical difficulties in life.  

As he is unable to read or write, he cannot read a letter addressed to him by his near and dear ones. He cannot calculate his own income and expenses, nor can keep his own accounts. Morally and psychologically, he feels insecure and weak, and hence suffers from an inferiority complex.  

Therefore, every person in the society should try to become literate. If it was not possible in an early age, a grown-up man can yet learn how to read and write in his advanced stage of life. Literacy will help him also in gaining common knowledge in various subjects, which will make him a "complete man".  

An illiterate man is generally exploited by the clever men in the society. They take full advantage of his ignorance of the language or wisdom. The illiterate men become like dancing dolls at the hands of the clever persons. They suffer in many ways in life.  

Now-a-days, the Indian governments have taken a litera­cy drive all over the country. They are sending teachers into the remote corners of the villages of India in order to educate the people, irrespective of their age or profession.  

The programme of education has taken a bold step, and the results are encouraging. The students and the educated youth should come forward to join the literacy movement since launched by the government of India.  

Classes can be held in a primary school or in any other suitable place that is available in the area chosen for literacy movement. Teaching can be arranged in the morning or in the evening.  

The students may be peasants, mill workers, or traders, the poor or the rich. Education must be free and voluntary. The students are to be supplied with the books, and taught first how to read them, and then, how to write the scripts, imitating the printed letters in the books.  

It has been seen that the people of India have remark­ably responded to this drive, and shown great interest in adult education, apart from the education of the young ones.  

The percentage of literate persons in India has considerably increased in comparison with the figures of the earlier years. It is found that in the villages, the young and the old men and women assemble and sit together to take lessons from the teachers who have been specially trained and appointed for the purpose of teaching the illiterate mass.  

The students should also come forward voluntarily to actively participate in this noble literacy drive and make their country free from the curse of illiteracy.

After his misadventure in the pool at the Y.M.C.A. Douglas realised that his fishing trips, canoeing, swimming and boating were over. Finally he decided to engage an instructor to learn to swim and overcome his fear. He went to the pool and practised five days a week. The instructor put a belt around him and a rope was attached to the belt. The rope went through a pulley that ran on an overhead cable. Douglas held one end of the rope and went back and forth across the pool. On each trip some of the terror would seize him. After three months, the tension began to decrease. 

He taught him to put his face under water and exhale. He also learnt how to raise his nose and inhale. Now he was able to shed part of the fear that seized him under water. He went to Lake Wentworth Triggs island. He swam two miles across the lake. He shouted with joy as he had conquered his fear of water afterall.

‘Lost Spring’ by Anees Jung describes two stories of stolen childhood. Millions of children in India, instead of spending their days in schools and playgrounds waste their childhood in ragpicking or hazardous industries. Childhood is the spring of life. But millions of unfortunate children like Saheb and Mukesh waste this spring either in the garbage of Seemapuri or in the blast furnaces of Firozabad. The best part their life, their childhood is lost to the demands of survival. Hence, the title is quite apt.

Roger Skunk smelled very badly. All little animals kept themselves away from him. None of them would play with him. They teased him calling him ‘Stinky Skunk’. Poor little Roger would stand alone and weep. The wizard listened to his woeful tale and made him smell like roses. This was the smell that Roger Skunk liked so much. Now the attitude of all other little animals also changed. They gathered around him played tag, baseball football and hockey together. 

Roger Skunk’s mother did not like her son smelling of roses. She went right back to that ‘awful wizard’ and hit him hard on his head. The wizard made Roger Skunk smell very bad again. Roger Skunk’s mommy was not ‘stupid’ as Jo would think her to be. She believed that Roger’s God given identity should not be compromised under peer pressure. Also true friendship does not care for appearances.

Raveloe : Class- conscious society, social line between rich and poor clearly defined Villagers tided together by a common church, New Year's dance at Red House etc. People adjusted and fairly satisfied 

Lantern Yard :

Tight-knit religious sect, a community of faith, held together by narrow religious beliefs and superstitions

• Jo’s constant question and her non acceptance of Jacks’ ending of the story appears to be a threat to his authority
• He believes that adults know best!
•  Jack feels threatened by Jo’s attitude and when he finds that she is restless after he has come downstairs, he uses the ultimate weapon of adult authority-does she want him to spank her, he asks. 
• Reminded of his own upbringing-Mother is always right
• the message is clear- adults know best

• He soon discovered that being invisible had as many drawbacks as advantages.
• People ran into him and stepped on him.
• He had to be continually on guard as to the movements and positions of others in order to avoid accidental contact.
• although people could not see him, dogs could detect him with their keen sense of smell.
• As he had to remain naked, he was soon uncomfortable.
• Also, he could not eat, as food was visible until it was fully assimilated into his system.
• At one point, he had run up the steps of a house in order to avoid a unit of a marching Salvation Army band. While he waited, two youngsters spotted the prints of his bare feet in the mud. Soon a crowd of people had gathered to look at the “ghost prints.” He leapt over the railing and ran through a bunch of back roads to avoid the press. 

Before coming to Raveloe Silas was a respected member of a church at Lantern Yard. He had a close friend named William Dane, and he was engaged to marry a serving girl named Sarah. But one day the elder deacon fell ill and had to be tended day and night by members of the congregation. During Silas’ watch on the deacon, a bag of money disappeared from a drawer by the deacon’s bed. Silas’ knife was found in the drawer, but Silas swore that he was innocent and asked that his room be searched. The empty bag was found there by William Dane. Then Silas remembered that he had last used the knife to cut a strap for William, but he said nothing to the others.

The church members resorted to prayer and drawing of lots, and the lots declared Silas guilty. Silas, betrayed by his friend and now by his God, feels crushed. He soon received word from Sarah that their engagement was ended, and a month later she married William Dane. Soon afterward Silas left Lantern Yard.

• Theft in lantern yard destroys Marner’s faith in humanity 
• moves to Raveloe 
• leads a lonely frugal existence 
• does not interact with the people of Raveloe
• spends all his time weaving and making gold
• Theft at Raveloe makes him seek out the people of the village
• once again seeks solace in company

Democracy is a better form of government from any other form of government:

(i)  Democracy promotes equality among citizens

(ii)  Enhances the dignity of the individual

(iii)  Improves the quality of decision making

(iv)  Provides method to resolve conflicts

(v)  Allows room to correct mistakes

(vi)  Accountable, responsive and legitimate government

(vii)  Reduction of inequality and poverty

(viii)  Accommodation of social diversity

It is true. The following points justify that:

(i)   A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a disproportionate share of wealth and income. Not only that, their share in the total income of the country has been increasing.

(ii)  Those at the bottom of the society have very little to depend upon. Their incomes have been declining. 

(iii)  Sometimes, they find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life, such as food, clothing, housing, education and health. In actual life, democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities.

The party which wins the majority of seats in the election and forms a government is known as the ruling party whereas the party which is not able to get the majority seats is known as the opposition party.

After independence, industries are increasing in a rapid pace and have become a reason for pressure on existing fresh water resources. Fresh water is almost limited, though renewable in India, but over-exploitation and mismanagement of this resource by industries are aggravating the water stress day-by-day.

(i)  Industries especially heavy industries use huge amount of fresh water for industrial purpose and pollute and waste such water.

(ii)  These industries for their energy consumption purpose depend on hydroelectric projects and this electricity is generated through damming the rivers upstream. So, the river almost dries in the lower stream areas.

(iii)  Again industries dump the chemical waste in the river, lake, etc. which then consequently pollute the water dangerously for human survival.

These also contaminate the groundwater through seepage of industrial wastes. So, the increasing number of industries exert pressure on existing fresh water resources.

(i) Agro-Based Industries

(ii) Mineral Based Industries

(iii) Marine Based Industries

(iv) Forest-Based Industries

Industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced by the following methods: 

(i) Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages. 

(ii) Treatment of hot water and affluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

(i) FICCI supported the Civil Disobedience Movement for criticising the colonial control over the Indian economy. 

(ii) FICCI believed that through the force of this movement and self determination would end the colonial restrictions on business.

i) Natural selection

ii) Genetic drift 

iii) Law of Dominance 

iv) Acquired characters are not inherited 

v) Gene flow

Body or its parts that are not decomposed/preserved traces of organisms. (to begin with new line) 

• Upon digging the earth, the fossils that are found closer to the surface are more recent than the fossils in deeper layers.
•  By detecting the ratios of different isotopes of the same element in the fossil material. 

Power of accommodation: It is the ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length. Ciliary muscles of eye are responsible for change in its focal length.

i) by selecting very short distances between leaves. 

ii) by selecting sterile flowers.

The given number ends in 5. Hence it is a multiple of 5. Therefore it is a composite number.

No, Angle included should be same.

In English language there are 26 alphabets.

Consonants are 21. 

The probability of chosen a consonant = 21/26

Distance covered in 1 revolution = circumference of wheel

= πd 

 = π × 1.26 m.

Distance covered in 500 revolutions 

 = 500 × π × 1.26 

 = 500 × 22/7 × 1.26 

 = 1980 m

Given f(x) = 27x³ and g(x) = x^{1/ 3} 
(gof) (x) = g [f(x)] = g [27x³] = [27x³]^{1/ 3} = 3x

It is that applied reverse voltage at which the reverse current becomes suddenly very large (without further appreciable change in reverse voltage)

\(\vec a = \hat i + \hat j + \hat k\)

Let \(\vec b = b_1\hat i + b_2\hat j + b_3 \hat k\)

\(\therefore \vec a . \vec b = 1\)

⇒ \((\hat i + \hat j + \hat k). (b_1 \hat i + b_2 \hat j + b_3 \hat k)=1\)

⇒ \(b_1 + b_2 + b_3 = 1\)     .....(1)

\(\vec a \times \vec b = \hat j - \hat k\)

⇒ \(\begin{vmatrix}\hat i &\hat j&\hat k\\1&1&1\\b_1&b_2&b_3\end{vmatrix} = \hat j - \hat k\)

⇒ \(\hat i (b_3 - b_2) + j(b _1 - b_3 )+ \hat k (b_2 - b_1) = \hat j - \hat k\)

\(\therefore b_3 - b_2 = 0 \)

⇒ \(b_3 = b_2\)     .....(2)

\(b_1 - b_3 = 1\)

⇒ \(b_1 = 1 + b_3\)     .....(3)

\(b_2- b_1 = -1\)       .....(4)

⇒ \(b_2 - (1 + b_3 ) = -1\)

⇒  \(b_2 - 1- b_3 = -1\)

⇒ \(b_2 = b_3\)

From (1) & (2),

\(b_1 + 2 b_2 = 1\)       ......(5)

From (2), (3), (5), we get

\(1 + b_3 + 2b_3 = 1\)

⇒ \(3b_3 = 0\)

⇒ \(b_3 = 0\)

\(\therefore b_2 = 0\)      (From(2))

\(\therefore b_1= 1\)      (From(1))

Hence,

\(b_1 = 1 , \, b_2 = 0, \, b_3 = 0\)

\(\therefore \vec b= \hat i\)  & \(|\vec b = 1|\)

Let \(I = \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}4} \frac{dx}{1 + tan x }\)

⇒ \(I = \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}4} \frac{dx}{1 + tan (\frac {\pi}4- x) }\) 

\(\left(\because \int\limits_a^b f(x) dx = \int\limits^b_af(a + b - x)dx\right)\)

⇒  \(I = \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}4} \frac{dx}{1 + \cfrac{tan\frac{\pi}4 - tanx}{1 + tan\frac{\pi}{4}tanx} }\)

\(= \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}4} \frac{dx}{ \cfrac{2 + tanx + 1 - tanx}{1 + tanx}}\)      \(\left(\because tan \frac{\pi}{4} = 1\right)\)

\(= \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}4} \frac{1 + tan x }{2}dx\)

\(= \frac12 [x + log\, secx] ^{\frac{\pi}4}_0\)         \((\because \int tan x \,dx = log\,secx)\)

\(= \frac 12 \left[\left(\frac{\pi}{4} - 0\right) + log \left(sec\frac{\pi}{4}\right) - log\,sec 0\right]\)

\(= \frac12 \left(\frac{\pi}{4} + log \sqrt 2 - log \,1\right)\)

\(= \frac 12 \left( \frac{\pi}{4} + \frac12 log2\right)\)              \((\because log 1 = 0)\)

\(= \frac{\pi}6 + \frac14 log2.\)

\(P\left(\frac{W}{B_1}\right) = \frac14\)

\(P\left(\frac{R}{B_1}\right) = \frac34\)

\(P\left(\frac{W}{B_2}\right) = \frac25\)

\(P\left(\frac{R}{B_2}\right) = \frac35\)

Probability that both drawn ball from boxes B₁ & B₂ are of same colour

\(= P\left(\frac{W}{B_1}\right) P\left(\frac{W}{B_2}\right) + P\left(\frac{R}{B_1}\right) P\left(\frac{R}{B_2}\right)\)

\(= \frac 14 \times \frac 25 + \frac 34 \times \frac 35\)

\(= \frac2 {20 } + \frac 5 {20}\)

\(= \frac{11}{20}\)

Angiosperms are vascular plants with stems, roots, and leaves. The seeds of the angiosperm are found in a flower. These make up the majority of all plants on earth. The seeds develop inside the plant organs and form fruit. Hence, they are also known as flowering plants.

Angiosperms are the most advanced and beneficial group of plants. They can grow in various habitats as trees, herbs, shrubs, and bushes.

The bases present in RNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and uracil (U). Uracil is not present in DNA.

(i) [Fe (en)₂Cl₂]Cl

x + 0 x 2 + (–1) x 2 + (–1) x 1 = 0        x =3

Oxidation number of iron = 3

(ii) d²sp³ hybridization, Octahedral

(iii) Paramagnetic

(iv) Two

(v) Yes, cis-[Fe(en)₂Cl₂]

(vi) Bis–(ethane-1, 2-diamine)–dichlorido iron (III) chloride

(i) As N N triple bond (941.4 kJmol^–1) is much stronger than p–p single bond (213 kJmol ^-1), therefore nitrogen is much less reactive than phosphorus

(ii) This is because in SF₆ , sulphur is sterically protected by six fluorine atoms.

(i) CH₃–I reacts faster than CH₃–Br as iodine is a better leaving group because of its larger size.

(ii) CH₃–Cl (1° halide) reacts faster than (CH₃)₃CCl (3° halide) since in case tertiary butyl chloride three bulky methyl group hinder the approaching nucleophile.

(a) In the electrolysis of water, the gas collected at cathode is : Hydrogen

The gas collected at anode is : oxygen 

(b) The gas which is collected in double the amount during the electrolysis of water is Hydrogen. This is because water contains two parts of hydrogen element as compared to one part of oxygen element by volume. 

(c) Pure water is a bad conductor of electricity, by adding drops of sulphuric acid; we make it a good conductor of electricity.

There are two ways of anaerobic breakdown of glucose. First (in both ways) step is breakdown of glucose molecule into pyruvate which takes place in cytoplasm. 

█ The anaerobic breakdown in bacteria is called fermentation. During fermentation pyruvate is broken down to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. 

█ When there is lack of oxygen in our muscle cells, pyruvate is broken down to lactic acid. 

Note: Very less amount of energy is released in both the above cases.