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Fashion Design Council of India.

New wave of designers began to create designs which put India firmly on the global map.

• Indian-western
• Women’s-men’s
• Elaborate surface embellishment- pattern making oriented
• Minimalist-flamboyant

Mass manufacturing uniforms for men and women during the two World Wars.

Pattern- blue print of the garment on the basis of which the fabric is cut.

Pattern making- process of transforming a design into its constituents flat pattern pieces and then drafting them out.

Two methods of pattern making:

• Flat pattern-logical stepwise procedure, limitless designs, body or dress-form measurements, pattern to muslin.
• Draping- creative approach, two-dimensional fabric on dress form, muslin to paper.

Milan has become the major staging ground for Italian ready to wear shows.

Fabric manufacturers, garment manufacturers, buyers, retailers and fashion editors.

Balance mark-marks on edges of pattern to show where they are to be matched.

Muslin-unbleached plain woven cotton fabric available in light, medium and heavy weight. It is used for test fitting.

Apparel- garments made of fabrics, knits, leather or other wearable materials.

a. Under part

b. Facing

c. Upper part 

a. Under part

b. Facing

c. Upper part (Along with relevant figure)

In extremely low pressure, Ideal gas such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gases, and some heavier gases like carbon dioxide  follows Boyle's law.

Tollens reagent is ammoniacal silver nitrate solution. HCOOH is formic acid. As we all know it has an aldehyde group in its structure. So it is able to reduce tollens reagent.

Urotropin is an antibacterial agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its antibacterial action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH.

Fe³⁺ ion is more stable because in Fe³⁺ ion 3d sub shell is half filled.

Mercurochrome is an organomercuric disodium salt compound and a fluorescein. Mercurochrome is used a minor cuts and scrapes.

The colloidal system in which dispersed phase is liquid and dispersion medium is solid is called as  aerosol.

Reaction of formic acid with Fehling's reagent:

HCOOH + 2 Cu(OH)₂ ----> Cu₂O + CO₂ + 3 H₂O

When sodium salt of propionic acid is heated with sodalime CO₂ molecule is removed from a carboxylic acid.

C₂H₅COONa + NaOH + CaO -----> C₂H₆ + Na₂CO₃

A clear cloudless day-time sky is blue because molecules in the air scatter blue light from the sun more than they scatter red light.  When we look towards the sun at sunset, we see red and orange colours because the blue light has been scattered out and away from the line of sight.

The Chipko movement or Chipko Andolan was a forest conservation movement in India where people embraced the trees to prevent them from being cut down. The main reason we should conserve the forest is that trees absorb carbon dioxide and turn it into a wood, where the carbon stays bound up for hundreds or even thousands of years, living forests are an important part of the earth's climate system. Growing trees soak up CO₂​ from the atmosphere and store it in their trunks, roots, leaves, and forest soils.

1. Tetrachloridonickelate(H) ion
2. sp³
3. Tetrahedral

For diabetic patients, artificial sweetners are required because they provide sweetness in food like sugar but no calories are added to our body by such agents.

The detergents having unbranched alkyl chain are biodegradable.

The antibiotic which acts on both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and so used to cure wide range of diseases are known as broad spectrum antibiotics.

Bakelite, melamine.

The end of the Second World War is a landmark in contemporary world politics. The war included all the major powers of the world and spread out to South-East Asia, China, Myanmar and parts of North-East India.

The Second World War ended and Cold War began when the US dropped bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in diplomatic manner, causing Japan to surrender. Critics of the US decision to drop the bombs have argued that the US knew that Japan was about to surrender and that it was unnecessary to drop the bombs. They suggest that the US action was intended to stop the Soviet Union from making military and political gains in Asia and elsewhere and to show Moscow that the United States was supreme. US supporters have argued that the dropping of the atomic bombs was necessary to end the war quickly and to stop further loss of American and Allied lives.

Whatever the motives, the consequence of the end of the Second World War was the rise of two new powers on the global stage. With the defeat of Germany and Japan, the devastation of Europe and in many other parts of the world, the United States and the Soviet Union became the greatest powers in the world with the ability to influence events anywhere on the earth.

While the Cold War was an outcome of the emergence of the US and the USSR as two superpowers rival to each other, it was also rooted in the understanding that the destruction caused by the use of atom bombs is too costly for any country to bear. The logic is simple yet powerful. When two rival powers are in possession of nuclear weapons capable of inflicting death and destruction unacceptable to each other, a full-fledged war is unlikely. Therefore, the backdrop of the end of Second World War led to the beginning of Cold War.

 The damping be affected decreases.

Mendel conducted a monohybrid cross with pea plants. He observed that one of the contrasting characters disappears in F₁ generation. This character reappears in F₂ generation (obtained by selfing F₁) in just 25% of the progeny. 

Mendel concluded that the character which expresses itself in F₁ is the dominant character while the other one which is not able to express though it is present in F₁ individuals is recessive. This recessive character is able to express only in its pure form, i.e., in 25% of F₂ individuals.

1. Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood towards the heart. 

2. Arteries are thick walled while veins are thin walled. 

3. Valves are absent in arteries while valves are present in veins to ensure that blood flows in one direction only.

(i) In the electrolysis of water, the gas collected at cathode is hydrogen and the gas collected at anode is oxygen.

(ii) The gas which is collected in double the amount during the electrolysis of water is hydrogen. This is because water contains two parts of hydrogen element as compared to one part of oxygen element by volume. 

(iii) Pure water is a bad conductor of electricity. By adding drops of sulphuric acid we make it a good conductor of electricity.

1. Agro based industries

2. Mineral based industries

(a) Tea :

(i)   An example of plantation agriculture, an important beverage crop introduced in India by the British.

(ii)  Grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.

(iii)  Require warm and moist frost-free climate, frequent showers evenly distributed over the year. 

(iv)  A labour intensive industry, requires abundant cheap and skilled labour.

(v)  Major producing states are Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala. Apart from these, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh and Tripura and also tea-producing states in the country.

(vi)  India is the leading producer as well as exporter of tea in the world.

(b) Coffee :  Importance :

(i)  India produces about four per cent of the world’s coffee production.

(ii)  The Arabica variety produced in the country is in great demand all over the world.

(iii)  Is cultivated in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

The two most important beverage crops of India are

1. Tea
2. Coffee

Favorable conditions for these crops"

• Temperature should be around 15°C-30°C
• Soil should be fertile, loamy, well drained  and rich in nutrients with rainfall around 150-200 centimeters.

Major states for producing Tea:
1. Asam.
2. Tamil Nadu.
3. West Bengal .

Major states for producing Coffee

1. Tamil Nadu.
2. Kerala.
3. Karnataka.

Democracy is a better form of government when compared with dictatorship or any other alternative form of government because it: 

i Promotes equality among citizens 

ii Enhances the dignity of the individual 

iii Improves the quality of decision making 

iv. Provides a method to resolve conflicts 

v. Allows room to correct mistakes. 

The democratic governments are better than other forms of governments because:

(i) Democratic governments have formal Constitution, while it is not the case in other form of governments.

(ii) They hold regular elections, while it is not the case in other form of governments.

(iii) They have political parties, whereas there is no such thing in other form of governments.

(iv) They guarantee rights to citizens, while it is not the case in the other form of governments.

(v) Such governments allow room to correct mistakes, while it is not there in the other form of government.

(vi) Such government accommodates social diversities, while no such thing in other form of government.

(a)  Life looked great, a loving family 

(b)  cold atmosphere, bitterness 

(c)  she felt bitter because there was a fight between her and her parents regarding the time of her return. 

(d)   misunderstandings, unspoken emotions, issues that were not discussed.

(e)  The narrator was overwhelmed with emotions - so was choked with tears. Very unexpected contents of the letter perplexed her.

(f) The Retreat helped them to find a new found respect for each other. There were no more cold stares or hurtful showings.

(a)  (i)

(b)  (iv) 

(c)  (ii) 

(d)   (ii)

• Griffin begins his road to decline in college when he becomes so obsessed with his experiments that he hides his work lest anyone else should receive credit.
• When he runs out of money, he kills his own father-
• He goes from scientist to fanatic when he begins to focus all of his attention merely on the concept of invisibility and neglects to think about the consequences of such a condition.
• The evil that he could commit does not occur to him until after he has swallowed the potion and seen the reaction of the landlord and others.
• Griffin at no time expresses any remorse for his behavior or for the crimes, which he merely describes as “necessary.”
• His only regret is frustration over not having thought about the drawbacks of invisibility.
• For nearly a year, he works on trying to perfect an antidote;
• when time runs out for that activity, he first tries to leave the country, and then, that plan failing, tries to find an accomplice for himself so he can enjoy his invisibility and have all the comforts of life as well.
• He goes from obsession to fanaticism to insanity. 

Silas decides to visit Lantern Yard to seek the truth about the past, i.e., whether his name had been cleared of the theft. He wanted to resolve the problem of his religion and settle his doubts about the conflicts between his old faith and his new one. Silas finds everything changed in Lantern Yard. It has changed to an extent that he hardly knows his way. He has to ask for directions. The only landmark he recognises is the old prison. All the streets have changed. The walls are grimy and the people sallowfaced and dirty. When at last he comes to where the Yard should be, Silas finds in its place a factory. No one knows anything of the chapel or the minister. Thus his questions remain unresolved. 

Distribution of marks:

Content:

Expression

grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spelling

coherence and relevance of ideas and style

Silas Marner

- weaver who arrived at Raveloe from Lantern yard

-betrayed by his friend William Dane

-spent his days at the loom

-villagers regarded him as a miser , loner, person with special powers

-used to handle his gold coins every evening 

-when he lost his gold, felt shattered, ran to Rainbow Inn seeking help

-with the arrival of Eppie, his life changed, became a devoted father to the child -became friendly to neighbours

-began attending church

-forgiving

-accepted his fate, decided to continue living in Raveloe -left his past behind.

-any other relevant point

(any 6 points)

Detailed Answer :

Silas Marner came and settled at a cottage near the deserted stone-pit in Raveloe. The base betrayal of his friend William Dane who implicated Silas on a charge of theft made him suffer ex-communication from the religious sect at Lantern Yard. As the lots drawn by the church authorities declared him to be guilty, he lost faith in God and mankind. His engagement to Sarah was broken off. She married his false friend William. Having lost his moorings at Lantern Yard, Silas settled at Raveloe. Silas had formerly loved the purpose of money when he used it primarily for charitable purposes, but now it had no purpose. His love was transferred to the money itself, and he began hoarding the earnings from his trade. As Silas continued his solitary existence, his growing hoard of money became an absorbing passion. During this period of Silas’s gradual withering, an incident occurred that showed that the fountain of affection in him, had not become completely dry. While carrying water from a nearby well in his brown mud-pot, Silas accidentally dropped it and the pot broke into three pieces. Sick with grief, he carried the pieces home. After piecing them together, he kept the broken pot in its usual place as a memorial.

Such was the dreary, recluse-like life of Silas Marner till about the Christmas of his fifteenth year. Then, an event occurred which in a singular way blended his life with that of his neighbours. It was the theft of his money by Dunstan Cass, the scapegrace son of Squire Cass.

Silas Marner, the linen-weaver was happy with his life after the advent of Eppie. For sixteen years, he was happy with his foster-daughter. His cup of joy became full, when Eppie turned down the offer of Godfrey to take her, after publicly owning her as his daughter. But the dark chapter from his past life was gnawing on his mind. He had been falsely involved in the theft of the church money and excommunicated by his religious sect in Lantern Yard. He wished to visit the place and meet. Mr.Paston, the old minister and find out if his innocence had ever been established and what had occurred with the casting of lots. Although, mysterious are the ways of Providence, it is foolish and futile to try to explain the mysteries of human life. It was the will of the Divine Power that Silas should suffer shame and loss of his fair name in Lantern Yard unjustly and gain an honourable name and position and live happily with Eppie, the regenerating force in his life in Raveloe.

• A child with golden-curled hair and the biological daughter of Godfrey Cass and Molly Farren, she toddles into Silas Marner's cottage when her mother is dying.
• She grows up to be a good natured child caring for Marner, in fact changing his heart and turning him into a good man.
• She finally refuse to let Godfrey and Nancy adopt her, claiming that she knew no other father than Marner and that she was going to marry a working class man. 

Reasons:

• Mrs. Hall finally in a mood to bid him goodbye
• villagers not liked him, rumours of burglary spread
• stranger hungry, no response to his bell for food instead was served the bill by Mrs. Hall
• she enquired about the sudden supply of funds with him, about the mess he had created in the room
• all this angered him and he decided to teach them a lesson by unveiling himself

Incident :

• suddenly put his artificial nose in her hand, removed his spectacles, took off his hat and bandages
• all terrified, Jaffer arrived to arrest him, slapped by stranger, Jaffer caught his wrist and caught his throat. stranger kicked him
• stranger fought with all and when started losing, took off all his clothes, became completely invisible, ran away kicking and pushing all

Consequence:

• had to run away unplanned, did not carry anything with himself
• had revealed his reality to all so put himself in sensitive position 
• could not carry on with his experiments to reverse the invisibility formula

Dolly Winthrop advises Silas Marner about how to care for Eppie. She strongly urges him to ensure that Eppie is baptized and receives religious instruction. She makes suggestions and allows Silas to care for the child on his own. 

Silas Marner takes Dolly’s advice to heart, and the baby is christened. To love another , human being and share in her life provides Silas with a richness he never experienced with his gold. One day, Dolly warns Silas not to spoil Eppie, but Silas cannot bring himself to be strict with her. Dolly suggests Silas put Eppie in the coal hole for a while. This form of punishment becomes ineffective because Eppie thinks the coal hole is fun. Eppie becomes all Silas’s hope and joy, and, therefore, raising her becomes easy for Silas under the good guidance of the generous and wise Dolly Winthrop

Mrs. Jenny Hall was the warmhearted hostess and the owner of the inn Coach and Horses. The first impression that she creates, presents her in an unpleasant light. She rents the inn-parlour to a stranger without bothering to confirm his identity. At this point Mrs. Hall appears to be an opportunist and a money-minded woman. However, the manner in which she puts up with Griffin’s rude behaviour shows that she was actually a very polite hostess who took her duty seriously. She goes out of her way to make her guest’s [ stay comfortable. But her polite temperament does not make her weak in any way. When the invisible man crosses all limits of etiquette, Mrs. Hall firmly puts her foot down and denies him her services until he cleares all the pending bills. Mrs. Hall can thus be considered as an independent businesswoman who is capable of taking decisions according to circumstances.

Total number of cards in a deck = 52

Number of red face cards in a deck = 6

Number of cards left in the deck if all red face cards are removed = 52−6 = 46

Total number of cards of clubs in the deck = 13

Probability that the card drawn is a card of clubs = Total favourable number of cards / Total number of cards=13/46

Diameter of the circle = diagonal of square = 16 cm

Let x be the side of square

x √2 = 16

x = 8 √2

Area of square = x² = (8√2)² = 128 cm²

Any one mature Harappa Sites. 

Kotdiji, Lothal, Kalibanga, Harappa, Mohanjodaro, 

Banawali, Dholavira, Nageshwar, Chaunjodaro, Balakot, Rakhigarhi. 

Ways of propagation of dhamma by Ashoka 

i. He inscribed the messages of dhamma on the natural rocks as well as polished pillars. 

ii. Special officers, known as the dhamma mahamatta were appointed to spread the message of dhamma 

iii. Any other relevant point Any two be mentioned