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Anair separationplant separatesatmospheric airinto its primary components, typicallynitrogenandoxygen, and sometimes alsoargonand other rareinert gases.

The most common method for air separation isfractional distillation. Cryogenic air separation units (ASUs) are built to provide nitrogen or oxygen and often co-produce argon. Other methods such as membrane,pressure swing adsorption(PSA) andvacuum pressure swing adsorption(VPSA) are commercially used to separate a single component from ordinary air. High purityoxygen,nitrogen, andargonused forsemiconductor device fabricationrequires cryogenic distillation. Similarly, the only viable source of therare gasesneon,krypton, andxenonis the distillation of air using at least twodistillation columns.

the solvent molecules become more ordered in the vicinity of dissolved (charged) ions and less ordered as we go further away from the dissolved (charged) ions. The increase of solvent density near the ions is offset by the decrease of bulk density in the solvent as distance from the ions increases. This results in an overall net reduction in the observed volume of the solution

The salt molecules, as they dissolve, fit in between the water molecules so they don’t take up any additional space. The solution becomes denser without taking up additional volume.

1. Hydraulic washingThe name hydraulic means “operated by the pressure created by forcing water (or) another liquid”. Washing ore with water is known as hydraulic washing. Gold mines make use of the hydraulic washing technique.

An upward stream of running water is used to wash powdered ore. The lighter particles of the gangue are washed away and the heavier ore is left behind. This technique separates the gangue from the ore using the difference in their specific gravities. It is, also known as gravity separation.

2.Magnetic separationMagnetic separation is used when either the ore (or) the impurities in it are magnetic in nature.Ex: Separating iron from its ore hematite

3. Forth Flotation:Froth flotation separates the gangue particles from the ore, based on the fact that gangue is wetted by water, while mineral is wetted by oil.The ore is crushed into fine powder and mixed in water. Then, collectors and stabilisers are added to the water.

A collector is a substance, such as pine oil (or) a fatty acid, which enhances the non-wettability of the ore particles. A stabiliser is a substance like cresol which increases the stability of the froth.The mixture is agitated with the help of a rotating paddle. This draws air into the mixture and froth is generated. The froth is then skimmed off and is dried to recover particles of the ore.

4) Chemical SeparationAseparationprocess is a method that converts amixtureor solution ofchemicalsubstances into two or more distinct productmixtures. Separations exploit differences inchemicalproperties or physical properties (such as size, shape, mass, density, orchemicalaffinity) between the constituents of amixture.

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Kya haal mr.panchal....

filtration

The act or process of filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from the undissolved particles floating in it.

Sieving is the method of separating particles of different sizes( each particle being solid)

Theaccuratemeasurements are near the center. Todetermineif a value isaccuratecompare it to the accepted value. As these values can be anything a concept called percent error has been developed. Find the difference (subtract) between the accepted value and the experimental value, then divide by the accepted value.

Tk = 273°+ t°C

Temperature on K = 273 + temperature on Celsius

Tk = 273+50°C

= 323K

50° C = 323 K

In IUPAC nomenclature, aparentstructure,parentcompound,parentname or simplyparentis the denotation for a compound consisting of an unbranchedchainof skeletal atoms (not necessarily carbon), or consisting of an unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic ring system.

Inboilers, water evaporates continuously and the concentration of the dissolved salts increases progressively. When their concentrations reach saturation point, they are thrown out of water in the form of precipitates on the inner walls of theboiler.

As atoms cool, they behave more like waves and less like particles. When cooled enough, their waves expand and begin to overlap. This is similar to steam condensing on a lid when it is boiled. The water clumps together to form a drop of water, or condensate. The same occurs with atoms, only it is their waves that merge together. Bose-Einstein condensates are similar to laser light. However, instead of photons behaving in a uniform manner, it is the atoms that exist in perfect union. Like a drop of water condensing, the low-energy atoms merge together to form a dense, indistinguishable lump.

no answer

NH3 , should have greater value of a..

because a depends on attraction force between two particles and NH3 is polar also..

polar means

roughly... polar compounds means unsymmetrical compounds.. which can't cancel their dipole moment

like in H-H , it is non polar and symmetrical.

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No. of moles in 4.8 gm of graphite =4.8/12=0.4 moles

Amount of heat liberated=0.4×{-393} kJ=157.2 kJ

Nomenclature of Aryl Halides. Aryl halides are termed Haloarenes in IUPAC nomenclature system. The prefix 'halo” (bromo or chloro or iodo or fluoro) is placed before the name of the aromatic hydrocarbon. In case of disubstituted compounds, the relative positions are indicated by (1,2), (1,3) or (1,4).

In order to write the IUPAC name of a given organic compound, we need to identify −

Parent chain (longest hydrocarbon).

Principal functional group (suffix)

Substituents and its position(s) (prefix

Rule of nomenclature

Find the longest carbon chain.

Number the longest carbon chain such that thecarbonatom(s) to which the halogen(s) is/are attached get the lowest number(s).

Multiple halogen atoms are labeled with the Greek numerical prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, to denote the number of identical halogen atoms attached to a carbon atom. If more than onehalogen atoms attached to the same carbon atom, numeral is repeated that much time.

In case, different types of halogens are attached, they are namedalphabetically.

Position of halogen atom is indicated by writing the position and name of the halogen just before the name of the parent hydrocarbon.

Aryl halides are termed Haloarenes in IUPAC nomenclature system. The prefix ‘halo” (bromo or chloro or iodo or fluoro) is placed before the name of the aromatic hydrocarbon. In case of disubstituted compounds, the relative positions are indicated by (1,2), (1,3) or (1,4). Ortho, meta and para are also used to indicate the positions (e.g, chlorobenzene,bromobenzene).

When Ch3Ch2Ch2cl is reacted with NaI and solvent as acetone

Then ,

Ch3Ch2Ch2I (ethyl iodide ) is obtained as the product.....

Ch3Ch2Ch2Cl +NaI →Ch3Ch2Ch2I

It is a method of producing alkyl iodides from alkyl halides ..

The above reaction is known as Finkelstein Reaction.....

Bromine is the right answer

bromine is no metal that is liauid at room temprature

Boron is different.except all are halogens.

Let the number of protons in the element be x. ∴ Number of neutrons in the element= x + 31.7% of x= x + 0.317 x= 1.317 xAccording to the question,Mass number of the element = 81∴ (Number of protons + number of neutrons) = 81X+1.317x=812.317x=81X=34.95~35Hence, the number of protons in the element i.e., x is 35.Since the atomic number of an atom is defined as the number of protons present in its nucleus, the atomic number of the given element is 35.∴ The atomic symbol of the element isBr

Answer:A) BakeliteExplanation :bakelite is often used in utensils that may handle hot foods. Bakelite is a plastic known for its heat-resistant properties, and as such it can help prevent handles from becoming too hot to, well, handle

Cl-

Coal tar is mixture of various substance. True

Conjugate Base of HCO3-: CO3^2-NH4^+= NH3

Generally, for the equation

HA = H+ + A-

HA is the acid (here H3PO4), H+ is H+ and A- is the conjugate base (H2PO4-).

H2PO4- can act as an acid, too. The equation would be:

H2PO4- = H+ + HPO4(2-)

and now HPO4(2-) is the conjugate base, but of HPO4(2-)

But, back to the original question, the conjugate base of H3PO4 is H2PO4-

make it 20% solution means alcohol should be 20% in solution. so if we add 80 ml water in 20ml alcohol solution will be 80+20=100 ml so alcohol will be 20/100*100=20% so 80 ml water must be added.

most abundant metal Aluminium hoga bhai

Answer:c) OxygenExplanation :

Oxygen- 46.6%Oxygenis the most abundant element in the Earth's crust

the correct answer is oxygen

x=26.4°Cit is the correct optionthe method is given in above comment

metal- oxygen non metal - silicon

Aluminum is abundant earth 's crust

oxygen abundant non metal.aluminum abundant metal

a)Aluminium is the most abundant metal.b) Oxygen is the most abundant non metal

Aluminium is the most abundant metal in earth crust

oxygen is the most abundant non metal in earth crust

"All in this group are characterized by the presence of 7 e- in an outer shell, and hence have the ability to gain an e- to form negative ions w/ a completed octet of valence e-’s.

All these elements share traits of being very reactive and in particular form substitution compounds w/ numerous organic compounds.

Although these elements also have other valences all have a -1 valence in common."

1 Fluorine2 Chlorine3 Bromine4 Iodine

Arranged in the decreasing order

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what is your name

The compounds formed by the replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms of alkanes by halogen atoms are called halogen derivatives of alkanes.

Ans :- Haloalkanesare otherwise simple alkanes that contain one or more members of the halogen family. In practice, the halogens found in organic molecules are chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), fluorine (F), and iodine (I). Some texts refer to this class of compounds ashalogenoalkanesor alkyl halides.

The halogen derivatives of alkanes are called haloalkanes. Similarly, the halogen derivatives of alkenes and alkynes are called haloalkenes and haloalkynes respectively.

Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes: Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are called alkanes. Their general formula is CnH2n+2.

Ans :- The Finkelsteinreaction(often referred to as a halexreactionorhalogen exchange) named after the German chemist Hans Finkelstein, is an SN2reaction(Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecularreaction) that involves theexchangeof onehalogenatom for another.

Reaction type:Substitution reaction

Named after:Hans Finkelstein

Thedifference between protons and neutrons arethat one has a positive charge and one has a neutral charge. Thesimilarities betweenthe two is that they both make up an atom. ...Protons and Neutrons areput togetherinthe centeroftheelectronsbecause protons and neutronsmake the atoms

We all know that we cannot live without oxygen and that it enables life for almost all living organisms on our planet.We are breathing oxygen from the air, which contains approximately 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen. In average, human inhales and exhales around 16-times a minute in order to get enough oxygen to stay alive. Incredibly, the most prevalent element in our body is oxygen – oxygen makes up 65 percent of human body and is responsible for 90 percent of the body’s energy.

Cells need oxygen mainly for two functions:

1.to utilize oxygen to produce ATP – molecules, which are essential for many body processes,

2.to eliminate toxins and waste through oxidation.

because oxygen mix with our blood and form oxy-haemoglobin by which we get energy to do work. so we need oxygen for doing daily work

Non metallic oxides such as P2O5 , SO3 , N2O5 , NO2 etc. Are acidic oxides such oxides gives acid after addition of water and such solutions made from the oxides changes blue litmus to red.

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