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if no. of gasses formed in product side is more that the reactant , the ∆s will be +ve, otherwise -ve

a) +veb) -ve

The ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in groups, and increases from left to right across a period.

Thus,heliumhas the largest first ionization energy, whilefrancium has one of the lowest.

Oxygenhas lowionisation energy(thanthat of nitrogen). It is due to an electron being added to an already half full orbital inoxygen, which results in electron electron repulsion, which will lower theionisation energy. Nitrogen also has the added stability of a half filled shell of electrons in the 2p shell.

Malpighian tubules are slender tubes normally found in the posterior regions of arthropod alimentary canals.hence option 4

fr the atomic numbers the elements here are A -- carbon , B - nitrogen , C- oxygen and D-- fluorine

so, increasing ionisation enthalpy will be A<C<B<D

then what about fluorine?

why would fluorine give its one electron and get ionised , if it can become stable by taking 1 electron. so its very tough to take one electron out of fluorine.

the coatingincreases the stiffnessof the electrode, which is useful for penetratingtissueusingneedle electrodes.Another reason is biocompatibility.Anyway, the electrode impedance will be different fromzerobecause it is a simple way to increase thetrue surface area of the electrodes and to reduce the electrode polarizationcompared to shiny platinum.

This chapter discusses the role of two different electrodes, namely, Ag-AgCl wick and chlorided metal, in measuring the electrical properties of dry bone samples. These data have been analyzed using electrode area variation technique, frequency variation technique, and variation of capacitance with inverse of the sample thickness. The chapter presents variation of mean capacitance of six samples for bovine-compact bone with its surface area and also a similar variation of the capacitance with inverse of the specimen thickness. These data were obtained using two different electrodes, namely, chloride metal and Ag-AgCl wick electrodes. The capacitance values were measured at different frequencies, and the corresponding theoretical values were calculated. The results showed that chlorided-metal electrode coupled to the sample with the help of a conducting gel, produced less electrode polarization than Ag-AgCl wick electrode. The capacitance increases linearly with the electrode area.

donot understand

Platinum group of metals consists of six transition metals that share similar properties such as density, resistance against wear and catalytic properties.

Light platinum elements consist of Ruthenium, Rhodium and Palladium which are relatively lighter than the Osmium, Iridium and Platinum which are heavy platinum elements.

Conductivitydecreases with decrease in concentration as the number of ions per unit volume that carry the current in asolutiondecrease on dilution. ...Molar conductivity increaseswith decrease in concentration as the total volume, V, ofsolutioncontaining one mole ofelectrolytealsoincreases.

The number of ions per unit volume carrying the currentdecreasesondilution, soconductivityalwaysdecreaseswithdecreasein concentration. However, molarconductivityincreases withdilution. Hence the number of ions per unit volume that carry charge in a solutiondecreases

Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highlyunreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platino, meaning "little silver".Hexachloroplatinic acid(H2PtCl6∙6H2O), also calledchloroplatinic acid, complex compoundformedby dissolving platinum metal in aqua regia (a mixture of nitric and hydrochloricacids) or in hydrochloricacidthat contains chlorine.

Equivalent conductivity=K*1000/NK=conductivityN=normality

= 0.01119*1000*10

= 1119

I) is the correct answer

molar conductivity = 0.0275*1000/0.25

= 0.11 cm² mol^-1

Conductivity (κ) = 1.8 × 10⁻² S/cm molarity (M) = 0.12M n- factor of CuSO₄ = 2 Normality = n × molarity Normality(N) = 2 × 0.12 = 0.24N

Equivalent conductivity (^eq) = κ × 1000/N ⇒equivalent conductivity = 1.8 × 10⁻² × 1000/0.24 = 7500 S.cm²/g/eq

The limitingmolar conductivityof a weak electrolytecannot be determined reliably byextrapolation. Instead itcan be expressed as a sum of ionic contributions whichcanbe evaluated from the limitingmolar conductivities of strongelectrolytescontaining the same ions.

112J is the correct answer

The right answer is 112J

The enthalpy of neutralization is constant for a strong acid and a strong base.

The strong acid for example HCl is already in ionized form(in polar solvent like water) as H+ and Cl- ions

Likewise, strong base like NaOH is also in ionized form as OH- ions and Na+ ions.

When you mix them in standard concentrations, the Na+ ions and Cl- ions remain as ions in new mixture but H+ and OH- ions combine to form water.

H+ And OH- gives H2O

The formation of water is exothermic in nature and releases same amount of heat for any strong acod and base as the concentrations of H+ and OH- will be equal in standard concentrations.

Some elements that are more abundant in Earth's crust than in human body are oxygen, aluminium and silicon.

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a highermolecular weightalso increases the melt and glass transition temperature as well as the solution and meltviscositywhich makes processing and forming of the polymeric material more difficult.

option d is correct , first order follows the equation [At] = [A°]e^-kt , which is exponentially decreasing.

C₆H₁₂O₆+O₂→CO₂+H₂OC₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂→6CO₂+6H₂O

Na+C₂H₅OH→CH₃CH₂ONa+H₂2Na+2C₂H₅OH→2CH₃CH₂ONa+H₂

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a mixture of calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide.

The chemical formula of lime stone is CaCO3

a is the right answer...

Fermentation usually occurs in absence of oxygen. Yeast and bacteria can convert sugars into alcohol releasing carbon dioxide in absence of oxygen. Also, fermentation occurs in some oxygen starved muscle cells (lactic acid fermentation) in animals.In animals, aerobic respiration occurs which provides energy; however, in absence of oxygen, fermentation (lactic acid fermentation) occurs that produces lactate with no release of additional energy.

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a)variations occurs due to some variations in genes of DNA, due to variations new type of species occur ,as variation occurs in genes the new type of species which also have some differences from previous population. the creation of variation in species promote survival as the new species formed have some new quality in them &they are fittest to survive in nature &the species which don't have variations will not fight for food, place, &their survival &died

b)The Normal Cell of an humam has 23 pairs of chromosomes .(43 in number)..

Bt the Germ cell (Sperm or Ova) ..has only 23 chromosomes means Half of the chrmosomes compared to other cells

When Male(sperm - half chromosomes - 23) and femle(ova = half chromosomes= 23) Mingles the no of chromosomes comes to The normal no (full 46)

force applied on any object is equal to mass and acceleration.i.e, f=ma

Saprophytemay refer to: Saprotrophs; organisms, particularlyfungi, which obtain nutrients directly from dead organic matter. Myco-heterotrophs; plants,fungi, or micro-organisms that live on dead or decomposing matter and parasitizefungi, rather than dead organic matter directly.

Combustion is the scientific word for burning. In a combustion reaction, a substance reacts with oxygen from the air. Combustion reactions happen at high temperatures, and transfer energy to the surroundings as light and heat. This is why you see flames when things burn.

One important combustion reaction is that of methane. Methane reacts with oxygen from the air and produces either a hot blue or an orange flame. The energy that the reaction produces can be used to heat water, cook food, generate electricity or even power vehicles.

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substance.It is said to be diluted when the quantity of solvent is more than that of solute. It is said to be concentrated if the quantity of solute is more than that of the solvent. It is said to be saturated when no more solute can be added to the solution at a given temperature

The chemicalequation needsto bebalancedso that it follows the law of conservation of mass. Abalancedchemicalequationoccurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants sideisequal to that of the products side. Balancing chemicalequations isa process of trial and error.

a) i don't know

b) hydrogen-oxidized ,copper reduced

c) nitrogen oxidized ,Ag reduced

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1.temperture 2.concentration 3.catalyst 4.nature of reactants

One would be the medium through which the light has to travel, although being in a gaseous medium like air should not affect the brightness too much unless there is a fog or something like that. The actual intensity of the flame has to do with the heat produced and the resulting blackbody radiation. simply put, things glow when they are hot.

Microscopically, there has to be a production of photons so I think what’s going on is that when there is enough thermal energy in the surroundings, electrons in the molecules are excited to higher energy levels and return to their initial state so emitting photons.

The rate of evaporation is affected by the following factors:

Temperature: The rate of evaporation increases with an increase intemperature.

Surface area: The rate of evaporation increases with an increase in surface area.

Humidity: The amount ofwatervapour present in theairis calledhumidity.

what do you write about humidity

Molecular nitrogen has a triple bond between thetwoatoms, one sigma bond andtwo pi bonds and two l.p