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In somereactions, the rate is apparently independent of the reactant concentration. The rates of thesezero-order reactionsdo not vary with increasing nor decreasing reactants concentrations. This means that the rate of thereactionis equal to the rate constantthe decomposition of ammonia to form nitrogen and hydrogen

Thermal decomposition of HI on the gold surface is a zero order reaction. That means the rate of the reaction is independent of the concentration of the HI2 HI ------> H2 + I2R = K[HI]^0So R = K

Thus, for the zero order reaction rate constant = rate of the reaction

(A) is correct option

n=o means zero border reaction so option a

It is equal to number of molecules taking part simultaneously in single step of reaction. It cannot be zero because, it would mean there is no reaction.

An ammeter is an instrument used for measuring electric current in units of amperes. An ammeter must be connected in series with the path of the current being measured.

We know that, Compressibility factor, Z = PV/RT

0.5 = 100 *V/0.082 *273

∴ V = 0.1117L

NOTE :Further when volume of a gas molecule is negligible, van der Waal’s equation becomes

(P + a/V²) (V - 0) = RT

Or PV = RT – a/V or a = RTV – PV²

Substituting the values

A = (0.082 * 0.1119 *273) – (100 * 0.1119 * 0.1119)

= 1.253 atm L²mol-²

electronegativity,ionization energy,electron affinity,atomic radius, metallic character, ionic radius and reactivity. Periodic trends arise from the arrangement of elements in the periodic table and allow chemists to quickly and reliably predict an element's properties.

wavelength of electon = 12.27/√v A°

so, wavelength = 12.27/√10000 = 12.27/100 = 0.1227 A°

option c

In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms under an applied shear stress, or external force. Fluids are a phase of matter and include liquids, gases and plasmas. They are substances with zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.

The heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapour, or a liquid into a vapour, without change of temperature.

Carbon (graphite)

An example is treated boiler water. A non-toxic substance is any substance that may create a non-health hazard and is a nuisance or is aesthetically objectionable. For example, foodstuff, such as sugar, soda pop, etc.

the above reaction is called electrical decomposition reaction

The above reaction is electrolysis of water also termed as electrical decomposition reaction

sorry it is not electrical it is electrolytic decomposition reaction

Black substance in the lead pencil is graphite is non metal but contact electricity like those of carbon brush of drills.Graphite is carbon of lead element which handle heat fire and electric contacts,soft like talc and smooth.

sorry sorry...I sending to someone else but in ur answer going

Thermoplastics

It can be remolded.it can be recycle.lt is renewable.it can be destroy by heat.it is apoor conductor of electricityex PVC.

thermostatting

it cannot be remolded it cannot be recycleit is not renewableit cannot be destroy by heat

They are a combination of materials, they may be synthetic or naturally occurring, that are shaped when soft and then hardened to retain the given shape. Plastics are polymers. A polymer is a substance made of many repeating units.

Compoundingis a process of melt blendingplasticswith other additives.

This process changes the physical, thermal, electrical or aesthetic characteristics of theplastic.

The final product is called acompoundor composite.Compoundingstarts with a base resin or polymer.

Recycling centers use optical scanners to identify the type of plastic resin, so #1 and #2 plastics are separated from each other and other materials (such as paper and glass). Bottles are then crushed (where caps are removed if you haven’t already done so) and baled to be sent to a plastic recycler.

Recyclers will shred the #1 or #2 plastic into flakes, which are washed, rinsed and dried. Flakes are then melted into pellets, then transported to a manufacturer to make new plastic bottles/jugs or other products, such as lining for sleeping bags, T-shirts, carpet, or playground equipment.

Dry Ice is the common name for solid carbon dioxide (CO2). It gets this name because it does not melt into a liquid when heated; instead, it changes directly into a gas (This process is known as sublimation).

It is because iron has higher reactivity than copper.

Aluminium foils are used to wrap food items because aluminium being a soft malleable metal it can be beaten to in sheets to form thin wrapping sheets. Moreover it does not react with food items.

Immersion rods are made of metallic substances metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. They get hot very soon when electric current is passed through them and thus warm the water.

Copper can not displace zinc from its salt-solution because copper is less reactive than zinc. A less reactive metal can not displace more reactive metal from its solution.

Sodium and Potassium are stored in Kerosene since they are very reactive. They quickly react in air and water.

The rule states that with the addition of a protic acid HX to an asymmetric alkene, the acid hydrogen (H) gets attached to the carbon with more hydrogen substituents, and the halide (X) group gets attached to the carbon with more alkyl substituents. Alternatively, the rule can be stated that the hydrogen atom is added to the carbon with the greatest number of hydrogen atoms while the X component is added to the carbon with the least number of hydrogen atoms.[3]

The same is true when an alkene reacts with water in an addition reaction to form an alcohol which involve formation of carbocations. The hydroxyl group (OH) bonds to the carbon that has the greater number of carbon–carbon bonds, while the hydrogen bonds to the carbon on the other end of the double bond, that has more carbon–hydrogen bonds.

The chemical basis for Markovnikov's Rule is the formation of the most stable carbocation during the addition process. The addition of the hydrogen ion to one carbon atom in the alkene creates a positive charge on the other carbon, forming a carbocation intermediate. The more substituted the carbocation, the more stable it is, due to induction and hyperconjugation. The major product of the addition reaction will be the one formed from the more stable intermediate. Therefore, the major product of the addition of HX (where X is some atom more electronegative than H) to an alkene has the hydrogen atom in the less substituted position and X in the more substituted position. But the other less substituted, less stable carbocation will still be formed at some concentration, and will proceed to be the minor product with the opposite, conjugate attachment of X.

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PH plays an important role in our everyday life. A few examples are:-

1. In our digestive system - Hydrochloric acid is produced in the stomach to help in digesting food. However, when the amount of acid exceeds a certain limit it causes acidity and pain. This acidity can be neutralized by taking a mild base called as an antacid.

2. pH of soil – Plants grow only in soils that have a definite pH range. So, highly acidic soils are treated with quicklime or calcium carbonate to reduce its acidity.

3. Tarnished vessels – Copper vessels are tarnished due to the formation of a layer of basic copper oxide. This can be removed when it is rubbed with the citric acid from a lemon. Copper oxide forms copper citrate with citric acid and is washed away giving a shine to the vessels.

a) Preservatives are the chemicalsadded to food to prevent growth of microorganisms.b) Rhizobium is the nitrogen fixing bacteria present in root nodules of legumes.c) Vector is the agent which spreads pathogens from one place to another.d) Chemicals which kill or stop the growth of pathogens are called antibiotics.

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In accordance to Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions,we get the relation that molar conductivity for an electrolyte at infinite dilution is the sum of independent molar conductivities of both cation and anion..i.,e.

λ°=[λ+] +[λ−]

2. For CaCl2:

λ°CaCl2 =λ°Ca++λ°Cl−=119+76.3=195.3ForMgSO4, λ°MgSO4=λ°Mg2++λ°SO42− =106+160=266

Answer: Standard enthalpy of formation of benzene = 129.9 KJ/mol

Explanation: Enthalpy of the reaction is equal to the total sum of the standard enthalpies of the formation of products minus the total sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of reactants. It is represented by

Mathematically,

For the combustion of benzene:

The standard enthalpy of the elements present in their standard state is always zero.

Putting values in above equation, we get:

=129.9kJ/mol[/tex]

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enthalpy remains unaffected

the second ionization enthalpy of alkaline earth metal is greater than first

yes its was greater than first

Yes Mate, you are right✔

the second ionization enthalpy of alkaline earth metal is greater than the first ionization enthalpy of alkaline earth metal.

because of less force of attraction the second ionization enthalpy of alkaline is greater than one

the second ionization enthalpy of alkine earth metal is greater than first

Yes the second ionization enthalpy is greater than first ionization enthalpy

Second ionisation enthalpy is always greater than first because it requires more energy to remove subsequent electrons as nucleus attracts remaining electrons with greater force.(Comment if you need more help or need help on exceptions for (jee/neet)

Factors on which Ionisation Enthalpy Depends:(i) Size of the atom:The larger the atomic size, smaller is the value of ionisation enthalpy. In a larger atom, the outer electrons are far away from the nucleus and thus force of attraction with which they are attracted by the nucleus is less and hence can be easily removed.Ionisation enthalpy ∝ 1/ Atomic size(ii) Screening effect:Higher the screening effect, the lesser is the value of ionisation enthalpy as the screening effect reduces the force of attraction towards nucleus and hence the outer electrons can be easily removed.Ionisation enthalpy ∝ 1/ Screening effect(iii) Nuclear charge:As the nuclear charge increases among atoms having same number of energy shells, the ionisation enthalpy increases because the force of attraction towards nucleus increases.Ionisation enthalpy ∝ Nuclear charge(iv) Half filled and fully filled orbitals:The atoms having half filled and fully filled orbitals are comparatively more stable, hence more energy is required to remove the electron from such atoms. The ionization enthalpy is rather higher than the expected value in case of such an atom.Ionisation enthalpy ∝ Stable electronic configuration(v) Shape of orbital:The s-orbital is more close to nucleus than the p-orbital of the same orbit. Thus, it is easier to remove electron from a p-orbital in comparison to s-orbital. In general, the ionisation enthalpy follows the following order(s>p> d>f) orbitals of the same orbit.Variation of ionisation enthalpy in the periodic tableln general, the ionisation energy decreases down the group due to increase in atomic size. On the other hand, the ionisation energy increases across the period from left to right, again due to decrease in atomic size from left to right.

a)F is more electronegative and smaller size and cl has higher size and less electronegativity

cotton clothes because it absorbs body sweat and make body release heat

We should wearcotton clothes and light coloured clothes in summers. We sweat a lot in summers.Cottonis a good absorber ofwater . Thus, it absorbs sweat from ourbody and exposes the sweat to the atmosphere, making its evaporation faster.

PCI5 ⇌ PCI3 + CI2Initial moles 1 0 0Moles at eq 1 -0.4 0.4 0.4∴ Total moles at equilibrium = 1 – 0.4 + 0.4 + 0.4 = 1.4Also Normal mol. Wt. of PCI5/Exp. Mol. Wt. of PCI5 = 1 + ∝ = 1.4Or 208.5/Exp. mol. Wt. of PCI5 = 1.4∴ Exp. mol. Wt. of PCI5 or m. wt. of mixture = 208.5/1.4Now using, PV = w/m RT for mixtured = w/V = Pm/RT = 1 * 208.5/1.4 *0.082 *400 = 4.53 g/litre

The gases can be converted into liquids by bringing its particles closer so atmospheric gases can be liquefied either by decreasing temperature or by increasing pressure.

(VI A) GROUP ELEMENTS ARE KNOWN AS CHALCOGENS .....WHILE THEY HAVE SIMILAR PROPERTIES AMONG ELEMETS AND ARE ORE FORMING ELEMENTS............HALOGENS ARE (VII A) THEY FORM SALTS WITH SEVERAL ELEMENTS......AND IS ALSO A VERY IMPORTANT GROUP OF P-BLOCK ELEMENTS......I HOPE THIS MUCH IS SUFFICIENT .....I HOPE IT WILL HELP U...👍

Marsh gas, swamp gas and bog gas is a mixture ofmethane, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, produced naturally within some geographical marshes, swamps, and bogs

The main constituent is methane.

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The clore alkali process is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride. It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide, which are commodity chemicals required by industry.

Hydrogen is the first element of the periodic table & often called protium. Its electronic configuration is [1s1]. Due to the presence of only one electron in its 1s shell, hydrogen exhibits a dual behaviour, i.e., it resembles both alkali metals and halogens. As a result, it is placed at the top of the alkali metals in group 1 & also along the halogens in group 17 since just like halogens, it also requires anyone electron to have the configuration of the nearest noble gas element.The dual nature of hydrogen can be justified by the following points:

Mendeleev realized that the physical and chemical properties of elements were related to their atomic mass in a 'periodic' way, and arranged them so that groups of elements with similar properties fell into vertical columns in his table.In a periodic way as rows and columns. So he called it a periodic table.

a liquid substance that can dissolve metal and may burn your skin or clothes. Acids have a pH value of less than 7

Acid

An acid is any chemical compound once dissolved in water produces a solution with hydrogen ion activity more than purified water

Strength relies on the concentration of the hydroxide ions

Would depend upon the temperature acids would look solid, liquid or in the form of gas. It would also have a sour taste.

Would turn litmus paper red

Alkali

A base is an aqueous substance that could absorb hydrogen ions.

Strength relies on the concentration of the hydronium ions

Bases would feel slippery and solid in nature except ammonia which is gaseous.It would have a bitter taste

Would turn litmus paper blue

a chemical substance that reacts with acid to form a salt. An alkali has a pH value of more than 7