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On the basis of carbon, the relative atomic mass of element is defined as the ratio of mass of one atom of the element to the mass of l/12^th mass of one atom of Carbon – 12.

Relative atomic mass = (Mass of one atom of the element) / (Mass of 1/12^th mass of one atom of Carnon - 12)

(a) 40 ml CO₂ gas

CH_4(g) + 2O_2(g) CO_2(g) + 2H₂O_(I)

Since the product was cooled to room temperature, water exists mostly as liquid. 

(a) relative atomic mass is 12 u

Mass of the metal = W₁ = 0.456 g. 

Mass of the metal chloride = W₂ = 0.606 g. 

∴Mass of chlorine = W₂ – W₁ = 0.606 – 0.456 = 0.15 g 

0.15 g of chlorine combine with 0.456 g of metal. 

∴ 35.46 g of chlorine will combine with 0.456/0.15 x 35.46 = 107.79 g eq^-1

1. 1 mol of ethanol 

C₂H₅OH (ethanol) – Molar mass

 = 24 + 6 + 16 

= 46 

46 g of ethanol contains 1 × 6.023 × 10²³ number of oxygen atoms.

2. 1 mol of formic acid. 

HCOOH (formic acid) – Molar mass 

= 2+12 + 32 

= 46 

46 g of HCOOH contains 2 × 6.023 × 10²³ number of oxygen atoms.

3. 1 mol of H₂ O 

H₂O (water) – Molar mass 

= 2 + 16 

= 18 

18 g of water contains 1 × 6.023 × 10²³ number of oxygen atoms. 

∴ 1 mole of formic acid contains the greatest number of oxygen atoms.

Cr₂O^2- + 14H⁺ + 6e^- → 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O

Equivalent mass = (Molar mass) / (No. of electrons gained)

Molar mass of K₂Cr₂ O₇ = 294.18 

∴ Equivalent mass of K₂Cr₂O₇ = 294.18/6 = 49.03

(d) 200 u

\(=\frac{(200\times90)+(199\times8)+(202\times2)}{100}\)

= 199.96

= 200 u 

(c) 55.55

1 Liter of water = 1000 g. 

Molar mass of water 18 g 

Number of moles = Mass/ (Molar mass) 

= 1000/18

= 55.55 moles

(b) 6 moles 

C₂H₆ contains 6H atoms. 6 moles.

(c) assertion is true but reason is false

Correct reason: 

Total number of entities present in one mole of any substance is equal to 6.022 x 10²³

The correct answer is: (b) Oxygen

Reaction 1:

2 C + O₂ → 2 CO₂ 

2 × 12 g carbon combines with 32 g of oxygen. 

Hence, Equivalent mass of carbon = (2 x 12)/32 × 8 = 6

Reaction 2: C + O₂ → 2 CO₂ 

12 g carbon combines with 32 g of oxygen. 

Hence, Equivalent mass of carbon = 12/32 × 8 = 3

Molecular mass:

\(\bullet\)  Relative molecular mass is defined as the ratio of the mass of the molecule to the unified atomic mass unit. 

 \(\bullet\)  It can be calculated by adding the relative atomic masses of its constituent atoms. 

 \(\bullet\)  For carbon monoxide (CO) Molecular mass = (Atomic mass of carbon) + (Atomic mass of oxygen) = 12 + 16 ⇒ 28 u.

Molar mass:

 \(\bullet\)  It is defined as the mass of one mole of a substance.

 \(\bullet\)  The molar mass of a compound is equal to the sum of the relative atomic masses of its constituent expressed in g mol^-1 . 

 \(\bullet\)  For carbon monoxide (CO) 12 + 16 = 28 g mol^-1 Both molecular mass and molar mass are numerically same but the units are different

(b) 142 

Na₂SO₄ = Molar mass 

= (23 x 2) + (32 x 1) + (16 x 4) 

= 46 + 32 + 64 

= 142

Answer: (d) 9

Molar mass of HCl = 36.5 g 

The molar volume of 36.5 g (1 mole) of HCl = 2.24 x 10² m³ . 

∴ The volume of 146 g (4 moles) of HCl = \(\frac{2.24\times10^{-2}}{36.5}\) x 146 

= 8.96 x 10 m³ 

No. of molecules in 146 g of HCl = 4 N 

= 4 x (Avogadro Number) 

= 4 x 6.023 x 10²³ 

= 24.092 x 10²³ 

= 2.4092 x 10²⁴ molecules.

(c) 1.12 x 10^-2 m³  

CO₂ = Molar’mass of 12 + 32 = 44 g 

44 g of CO₂ occupies molar volume = 2.24 x 10^-2 m³ 

∴ 2g of CO₂ will occupy = (2.24 x 10^-2)/ 44 x 2

= 1.12 x 10^-2 L

(a) The mass of Helium atom in amu = \(\frac{6.641\times10^{-24}}{1.66056\times10^{-24}}\) = 3.9992 amu.

(b) The mass of Silver atom in amu = \(\frac{1.790\times10^{-22}}{1.66056\times10^{-24}}\) = 107.79 amu.

The atomic mass of Gold = 197 g mol^-1 . 

197 g of gold contains 6.023 x 10²³ atoms of gold. 

∴ 1000 g of gold will contain = \(\frac{1000\times6.023\times10^{23}}{197}\) = 3.055 x 10²⁴ atoms of Gold.

(b) 4.48 x 10^-2m³  

HCl = Molar mass = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5 g 

36.5 g of HCl occupies 2.24 x 10^-2 m³ 

∴ 73 g of HCl at STP will occupy (2.24 x 10^-2)/36.5  x 73 

= 4.48 x 10^-2 m³

1. Burning of cooking gas, wood 

2. Rusting of iron articles 

3. Electroplating

4. Galvanic and electrolytic cells

Essentials of a good questionnaire:

Following are the essentials of a good questionnaire

1. Limited number of questions

The number of questions should be limited as for as possible normally fifteen to twenty questions are sufficient enough for making the required enquiry.

2. Simplicity: 

The language of the questions should be simple and easily understandable. It should be clear and not vague. It should not convey two meanings.

3. Logically arranged: 

The questions should be arranged logically. There should be a proper sequence of the questions.

4. Related to the points:

Questions should be related to the point. They should not be irrelevant.

5. Avoiding personal questions:

Personal questions should be avoided as far as possible for example, questions about income, volume of sales, etc. should not be asked.

Questions should be simple and clear, Questions should be limited, personal questions should be avoided.

Consumer Awareness about air – Conditioners.

Calculation of Arithmetic mean:

Consumer Awareness about air conditioners.

1. Arithmetic mean

2. Mean deviation

3. Standard deviation.

The investigator should be assured of the reliability, adquacy, and suitability of the data.

From the table we observe that a high Percentage of customers prefer to buys air conditions according to:

1. Brand: Videcon or Samsung

2. Price: LG or Videocon

3. After-Sale Service: LG or Videocon

4. Technology: Videocon or LG

Succulent plants: A xerophyte that stores water in the tissue giving it a fleshy appearance.

Mitochondria: Cell powerhouse and is a seat for cellular respiration.

Proteins: They are synthesized from amino acids and form one of the main constituents of protoplasm.

(b) Non-verbal communication

(a) Thomas Marill vb

(a) Wireless Fidelity

(b) CYCLADES

(d) John Murphy

Computer network devices that originates route and terminate the data were called as node.

(d) Telephone switch

(d) 1-(b) 2-(c) 3-(d) 4-(a)

(c) Tim Berners-Lee

1. Aloha

2. Robert Metcalfe

(c) IP address

Answer is (a) IETF

(c) Web page

HTML - used to prepare web pages

(b) For a website, there are different IP addresses

Message passing is nothing but sending and receiving of information by the objects, similar to people exchanging information. In OOPs, message passing involves specifying the name of objects, the name of the function, and the information to be sent.
 

The following are the basic steps in message passing.

• Creating classes that define objects and their behaviour.
• Creating objects from class definitions.
• Establishing communication among objects.

Some of the advantages of object-oriented programming are as follows:

a.  A clear modular structure can be obtained which can be used as a prototype and it will not reveal the details of the design.

b.  Easy maintenance and modifications to the existing objects can be done with ease.

c.  A good framework is provided which facilitates creating rich GUI applications.

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take more than one form in different instances. For example, one function name can be used for different purposes. Similarly, the same operator can be used for different operations. There are two types of polymorphism namely “compile-time polymorphism” and “run-time polymorphism”.

Inheritance is the process of creating a new class, called derived class from an existing or base class. The derived class inherits all the capabilities of the base class. Using inheritance some qualities of the base class are added to the newly derived class, apart from its own features. Inheritance permits code reusability.

The differences between Structured Programming language and Object-Oriented Programming language are:
1. Structured Programming Language:

• It follows a top-down approach in program design.
• Data and Functions are not coupled with each other.
• Large programs are divided into smaller self-contained program segments known as functions.
• Data moves openly around the system from function to function.
• Functions are dependent so reusability is not possible.

2. Object-Oriented Programming Language:

• It follows a bottom-up approach in program design.
• Functions and data are coupled together.
• Programs are divided into entities called Objects.
• Data is hidden and cannot be accessed from outside that class.
• Functions are not dependent so reusability is possible.

Polymorphism:

In object-oriented programming, polymorphism is a generic term that means ‘many shapes’, (from the Greek meaning “having multiple forms”). Polymorphism is briefly described as “one interface, many implementations.” There are two types of polymorphism one is compile-time polymorphism and the other is run time polymorphism.
For example, consider the operation of addition.

• If the operands are strings, then the operation would produce a third-string by concatenation.
• If the operands are numbers, it will generate a sum by dynamic binding.
• It refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed in response to the call.
• Dynamic binding means, that the code associated with a given procedure call is not known until the time of the call at run time.
• It is associated with polymorphism and inheritance.