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Lac operon consists of a regulator promoter, operator and three structural genes z, y and a.

It is interesting to contrast the two endings of the Roger Skunk story. Jack's ending of the story is quite mature and practical. It points out the harsh realities that one has to go through in life. The world is based on individual differences; every species of animals has its distinct features, which must be respected and accepted in totality. Moreover, parents know what is best for their children, and their decisions should be respected and obeyed. Jo wanted the story to end happily. She wanted Roger Skunk's problems solved and expected that he would live happily, playing with his new friends. This ending too is justified when we look at it from a child's point of view.As a child, Jo was unable to understand the worth of one's originality and individuality. Besides, it is difficult for children to understand or explain unhappy endings.

The wizard demands seven pennies as fee to make Roger Skunk smell like roses. Skunk has only four pennies. The wizard tells him how and where to find the rest of the three pennies. Roger follows the wizards instructions and finds the three pennies in the magic well and pays the wizard the full amount.

Roger Skunk had a foul body odour because of which other small animals avoided playing with him. He too wanted to have friends to play with. Hence, to get rid of the foul smell, he went to the wise owl.

In solids intermolecular forces are strong enough to keep the particles together in fixed positions, as a result solids have definite volume.

The component of a solution which is present in smaller proportion than the solvent is called a solute. 

Examples: 

1. In sea water, salt is a solute. 

2. When a small of amount of sugar is dissolved in water, sugar is the solute in the solution

The component which is present in largest proportion in a solution is called a solvent. 

Examples:

1. In sea water, water is the solvent. 

2. In tincture iodine, alcohol is the solvent.

1. The forces among the constituent particles (atoms/molecules) are called intermolecular forces. 

2. In gases the intermolecular forces are extremely weak. As a result, the molecules of a gas move freely and a gas occupies all the available space.

Liquids flow easily and change their shapes in response to external forces. This property of liquids is called fluidity. It is exhibited by gases also.

(i) True.

(ii) False. (Gases do not have shape and volume.)

(iii) True.

(iv) False. (Water is a compound)

(v) True.

(i) Liquids have no definite shape, but have a definite volume.

(ii) Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.

(iii) The properties of a compound are different than those of the constitute elements.

(iv) The part of matter having uniform composition is called phase.

A substance which has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume is called a gas.

1. The forces among the constituent particles (atoms/molecules) are called intermolecular forces. 

2. In liquids, the intermolecular forces are strong enough to keep the particles within the bulk in aggregation, but not strong enough to keep them in fixed positions. As a result, they flow easily and change shapes according to that of container.

कृषि पीड़कनाशी के नियन्त्रण में अपनाई गई जैव नियन्त्रण विधियाँ परभक्षी की समष्टि नियमन की योग्यता पर आधारित हैं। परभक्षी, स्पर्धा शिकार जातियों के बीच स्पर्धा की तीव्रता कम करके किसी समुदाय में जातियों की विविधता बनाए रखने में भी सहायता करता है। परभक्षी पीड़कों का शिकार करके उनकी संख्या को उनके वास स्थान में नियन्त्रित रखते हैं। गेम्बूसिया मछली मच्छरों के लार्वा को खाती है और इस प्रकार कीटों की संख्या को नियन्त्रित रखती है।

(iii) Decrease

ऑर्किड पौधा तथा आम के पेड़ की शाखा सहभोजिता प्रदर्शित करता है। यह ऐसी पारस्परिक क्रिया है जिसमें एक जाति को लाभ होता है और दूसरी जाति को न लाभ और न हानि होती है। आम की शाखा पर अधिपादप के रूप में उगने वाले ऑर्किड को लाभ होता है जबकि आम के पेड़ को उससे कोई लाभ नहीं होता।

सूक्ष्मजीवों में बहुत कम मात्रा में स्वतन्त्र जल रहता है। शरीर से जल निकलने से उच्च तापक्रम के विरुद्ध प्रतिरोध उत्पन्न होता है। सूक्ष्मजीवों की कोशाभित्ति में ताप सहन अणु तथा तापक्रम प्रतिरोधक एंजाइम्स भी पाए जाते हैं।

(a) Keynes – A general theory

(b) A lock of effective demand

i) Ratio of engineers and doctors= 2 : 5 

The number of engineers = 18 

Let the number of doctors = x 

Now 2 : 5 :: 18 : x . 

By the rule of proportion 

2x = 5 × 18

= \(\frac {5\times18}{2}\) = 45

∴ The number of doctors 45

ii) Numbers of doctors = 65 

Let the number of engineers = x then 2 : 5 :: x : 65 

By the rule of proportion 5x = 2 × 65

x = \(\frac {2\times65}{2}\) = 26

∴ The number of engineers = 26

(i) If the present trend of resource depletion by few individuals continues the future of our planet is in danger

(ii) Planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.

(iii) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has Ied to global ecological crises.

Correct option is (A) 2h (l + b)

Area of four walls of a room \(=2\,(l+b)h\)

Correct option is  A) 2h (l + b)

Given details are,

Length of room = 4.5m

Breadth of wall = 3m

Height of wall = 350cm = 350/100 = 3.5m

Area of ceiling = l × b

= 4.5 × 3

= 13.5 m²

Area of walls = 2 (lh + bh) m²

= 2 (4.5×3.5 + 3×3.5)

= 2 (15.75 + 10.5)

= 52.5 m²

Sum of Area of ceiling + area of walls = 13.5m² + 52.5m²

= 66m²

Given, Cost for plastering 1m² area = Rs 8

∴ Cost for plastering 66 m² area = 66 × 8 = Rs 528

Given details are,

Height of floor = 3m

Perimeter of floor = 30m

So, perimeter = 30

2(l+b) = 30

l+b = 30/2

l+b = 15m

∴ Area of four walls of room = 2 (lh + bh) m²

= 2h (l+b)

= 2 (3) (15)

= 90m²

Given details are,

Volume of a liquid in the vessel = 300 cm³

Length of a cuboidal vessel = 10 cm

Breadth of a cuboidal vessel = 5 cm

Let height of cuboidal vessel be ‘h’ cm

We know that, l × b × h = 300 cm³

h = 300/(l × b)

= 300/(10×5)

= 6cm

Dimensions of a cuboidal vessel: 

Length = l = 10 m 

Breadth = b = 8 m 

Volume of the vessel = 380 m³

Let ‘h’ be the height of the cuboidal vessel. 

We know, 

Volume of cuboidal vessel = lbh 

lbh = 380 m³ 

or 10 x 8 x h = 380 

or h = \(\frac{(380)}{(10 \times 8)}\)

or h = 4.75 

Therefore, height of the vessel should be 4.75 m.

Dimensions of the swimming pool are 

Length = 50 m 

Breadth = 25 m 

Deep = 3 m 

∴ Volume of the swimming pool

V = lbh 

V = 50 × 25 × 3 = 3750 m³ 

∴ It can hold 37,50,000 litres of water. 

[∵ 1 m³ = 1000 lit.]

Volume of cuboidal vessel, V = 380 m³ . 

length, l = 10 m breadth, b = 8 m height, h = ? 

Volume of vessel, V= l × b × h 

380 = 10 × 8 × h 

380 = 80 h

∴  h = \(\frac{380}{80}\)

∴ h = 4.75 m.

It is given in the question that, 

Length of the pool = 260 m 

Width of the pool = 140 m 

Also, 

Volume of water in the pool = 54600 cubic metres 

Therefore,

Height of water = \(\frac{Volume}{Length\,\times\,Width}\)

= \(\frac{54600}{200\,\times\,140}\)

= 1.5 metres

(a) 1 cm

Let the outer radius of the wall be R cm. Then,

πR² = 2464 ⇒R² = \(\frac{2464\times7}{22}\) = 784

⇒ R = \(\sqrt{784}\) = 28 cm.

Inner diameter = 54 cm 

⇒ Inner radius = 27 cm 

∴ Thickness = 28 cm – 27 cm = 1 cm

Given that, 

internal radius of cylinder road roller (r1) = \(\frac{54}2\) = 27 cm

Thickness of road roller (t) = 9 cm 

Radius of cylinder road roller be R 

t = R – r 

t = R - 27 

R = 9 + 27 = 36 cm 

Given height of cylindrical road roller (h) = 1 m 

h = 100 cm 

Volume of iron=πh(R² - r²) 

= π(36² - 27²) × 100 

= 1780.38 cm 

Mass of 1 cm of iron = 7.8 gm 

Mass of 1780.38 cm of iron = 1780.38 × 7.8 

= 1388696.4 gm 

∴ Mass of roller (m) = 1388.7 kg

It is given in the question that, 

Volume of cylinder = 1.54 m³ 

Diameter of the base = 140 cm = 1.4m 

Hence, 

Radius of the base = \(\frac{1.4}{2}\)

= 0.7 m 

Now, 

Volume of cuboid = \(\pi r^2h\)

1.54 = \(\pi (0.7)^2(h)\)

1.54 = \(\frac{22}{7}\times0.7\times0.7\times h\)

h = 1 m 

Hence, height of the cuboid = 1m

It is given in the question that, 

Volume of cylindrical rod = 3850 cm³ 

Height of the rod = 1m = 100 cm 

Now, 

In order to find the diameter of the rod we need to find the radius of the rod 

Hence, 

Volume of cuboid = \(\pi r^2h\)

3850 = \(\pi (r^2)(100)\)

3850 = \(\frac{22}{7}\times r^2\times 100\)

r² = \(\frac{3850\times7}{100\times22}\)

r = 1.75× 7 

r = 3.5 cm 

Hence, 

Diameter = 2(radius) 

= 2 × 3.5 

= 7 cm

Given volume of circular iron rod is 3850 cm³

But we know that Volume of cylinder = πr²h

3850= 22/7 × r × r × 100

r²= 3850 × 7/100 × 22

r = 1.75 × 7

r= 3.5cm

Therefore diameter = 2 × r

Diameter= 2 × 3.5 = 7cm

(d) Paramecium caudatum

Protocol: Protocol is a software, i.e., set of rules which are used to establish communication between several computers. It defines the exact order in which two machines exchange data with one another. Protocols are technical customs or guidelines that govern the exchange of signal transmission and reception between equipment. Each protocol specifies the exact order in which signals will be transferred. Both Hardware and software are designed to handle specific protocols. Functions of Protocol: There are the following functions of protocol:

• How to begin and terminate a session between two computers?
• How the messages in a session are to be framed?
• How errors in the transmission of messages are to be detected?
• How messages are to be retransmitted when errors are detected?
• How to find out which message block was sent by which terminal computer and to whom?
• How the dialogue on the communication line proceeds?

Examples:

1. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): TCP breaks up the data to be sent into packets. It guarantees that any data sent to the destination computer reaches it. IP is a set of conventions used to send packets from one host to another. It is responsible for routing the packets to a desired destination IP address.

2. X.12: This protocol is used to establish a connection between companies to exchange important papers.

3. X. 25: This protocol establishes the interface for common data network.

4. HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol works on the internet to send or receive files from different locations.

correct option is (a) Analog

correct option is (b) ISP

correct option is (d) None of these

Correct option is (c) Serial Transmission

correct option is (a) Bandwidth

Correct option is (d) Both (a) and (b)

correct option is (b) Modulation

Parallel transmission.

Broadband channel.

In computer communication, the amount of data transferred from one place to another in one second is known as data transmission speed. It is measured in bps (bits per second) kbps (kilobytes per second), Mbps, etc.There are three communication channels on the basis of data transmission speed:

• Narrowband transmission – 45 to 300 bps
• Voice band transmission – up to 9600 bps
• Broadband transmission – 106 bps or more

correct option is (b) De-modulation

• Dams create an imbalance in the earth’s equilibrium.
• Deforestation leads to environmental pollution.
• People are displaced.
• Cities/villages/towns are shifted causing untold hardships to people.
• Silting of lakes a problem.

1. The citizens have a right to approach the courts to seek remedy in case of any violation of their rights. 

2. In recent years the Courts have given several judgments and directives to protect public interest and human rights. 

The Supreme Court is the guardian of our fundamental rights.