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50 CC : 50 Cubic Centimeters. It is used to measure motor vehicle engine size.

Correct Option (c) a = °C temperature, b = volume

Explanation: 

In the given graph line have a positive slop with X-axis and negative intercept on Y-axis.

So we can write the equation of line y = mx - c                 ............(i)

According to Charle’s law V_t = V₀/273t + V₀, by rewriting this equation  we get 

t = (273/V₀)V_t - 273       ......(ii)

By comparing (i) and (ii) we can say that time is represented on Y-axis and volume in X-axis.

(D) concentration

 (B) \(\frac{x}m\)  = K\(P^{\frac{1}{n}}\)

(D) desorption

(B) adsorbate

(C) Physisorption

(D) it requires high activation energy

(A) Adsorption of acetic acid in solution by charcoal

• Colour of colloidal solution depends on the wavelength of light scattered by dispersed particles.
• The colour of colloidal dispersion also changes with the manner in which the observer receives the light.

e.g. Mixture of a few drops of milk and large amount of water appears blue when viewed by the scattered light and red when viewed by transmitted light.

• It also depends on size of colloidal particles.

e.g. Finest gold sol is red in colour whereas with increase in size it appears purple.

Option : b. 10^-9m and 10^-6m

(C) electrophoresis

Colloids are classified into three types based on their molecular size as described below. 

i. Multimolecular colloids:

• In multimolecular colloids, the individual particles consist of an aggregate of atoms or small molecules with size less than 10 pm. e.g. Gold sol consists of particles of various sizes having several gold atoms.
• Colloidal solution in which particles are held together with van der Waals force of attraction is called multimolecular colloid.

e.g. S₈ sulphur molecules

ii. Macromolecular colloids: 

In this type of colloids, the molecules of the dispersed phase are sufficiently large in size (macro) to be of colloidal dimensions. 

e.g. Starch, cellulose, proteins, polythene, nylon, plastics.

iii. Associated colloids or micelles:

• The substances behave as normal electrolytes at low concentration and associated in higher concentration forming a colloidal solution. 
• The associated particles are called micelles, 

e.g. Soaps and detergents

• When aqueous solution of raw sugar is passed over beds of animal charcoal, charcoal adsorbs the coloured particles from the raw sugar.
• Thus, due to the adsorption of coloured particles, raw sugar becomes colourless when passed over beds of animal charcoal.

Adsorption of gases on solids depends upon the following factors :

• Nature of adsorbate (gas) 
• Nature of solid adsorbent 
• Surface area of adsorbent 
• Temperature of the surface
• Pressure of the gas 

Correct Option  (b) Move towards right

Explanation: 

When temperature of gas increases it expands. As the cross-sectional area of right piston is more, therefore greater force will work on it (because F = PA). So piston will move towards right.

(D) all of these

• The charge on the colloidal particles is due to the preferential adsorption of ions on their surface. 
• Hence, lyophobic colloids can be precipitated out by removing the charge on the colloidal particles (dispersed phase).

(C) size of solute particles

(C) S₈ molecules 

Correct option is (A) Al³⁺

(A) lyophobic colloids

Correct option is (C) gas

Interest on Drawings

For A = Total drawings of the year x rate/100 x Average calculated period

=   (18,000 x 6/100) x (13/2 x 1/12) =585

For  B  =  (24,000 x 6/100) x (11/2  x 1/12) =660

 Interest on drawing = (12000 X 6/100 X 6.5/12) = 390

The bone forming cells are called Osteoblasts.

The internal bone surfaces are covered with a delicate connective tissue membrane called the Endosteum.

External auditory meatus

Functions of skeleton system: 

(i) It forms framework for the body. 

(ii) It gives shape and posture to the body. 

(iii) The bones of the skeletal system protects delicate internal organs of the body.

(iv) It provides attachment surface for the body muscle, tendons and other similar things and thus helps in movement. 

(v) With its help locomotion is performed.

The important functions of skull are: 

(i) It protects the brain by keeping it in the cranium. 

(ii) It bears jaws which help the animal for cutting and masticating the food. 

(iii) It also protects and supports the sense organs. 

(iv) It provides the rigid walls of a respiratory passage through which air is inhaled into the lungs.

Foramen magnum is the large opening found at the posterior base of the skull.

In isometric contraction the length of the muscle does not change but the tension of the muscle changes. The force produced is changed, e.g., pushing against a wall, holding a heavy bag.

Structure of Sternum: 

(i) This is a flat bone which is present just under the skin in the middle of the front of the chest. 

(ii) Its shape is like a dagger and consists of three parts: the manubrium is the uppermost part, the body is the middle portion and the xiphoid process is the tip of the bone. 

(iii) The true ribs (7 pairs) are attached to the sternum. 

Functions of Sternum: 

(a) It protects the internal organ in the thoracic region. 

(b) It also provides the surface for muscle attachment. 

(c) The sternum helps in the respiratory mechanism.

The upper jaw is formed of the Maxilla.

Sternum is a flat bone on the mid ventral line of the thorax. It provides space for the attachment of the thoracic ribs and abdominal muscles.

Andrew F.Huxley and Rolf Niedergerke proposed the sliding filament theory to explain muscle contraction. According to this theory, overlapping actin and myosin filaments of fixed length slide past one another in an energy requiring process, resulting in muscle contraction.

ATPase enzyme needed for muscle contraction is located in Myosin.

Actin, myosin, tropomyosin and troponin.

Each muscle fibre contains hundreds to thousands of rod-like structures called myofibrils that run parallel to its length.

Olecranon process

The type of movement exhibited by the macrophages are Amoeboid.

In Isotonic contraction of the length of the muscle changes but the tension remains constant.

(c) Olecranon process

The thick filaments are composed of the protein Myosin

Actin and myosin are contractile proteins present in the skeletal muscle.

Actin and myosin.

The functional unit of the skeletal muscle is known as sarcomere.

Thick and thin filaments are the two types of filaments present inside the sarcomere.

Each sarcomere consists of an A-band in the middle with halves of two I-bands on its two sides.

(d) Assertion & Reasoning is