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C. snake 

Snake is a friend of farmer because it eats the rodents that cause damage to crops.

D. leopard 

Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) is a leopard subspecies widely distributed on the Indian subcontinent. About 12,000 to 14,000 leopards were speculated to live in the entire country and are not added in the Red Data Book of India

The main functions of Kidneys are:

• Maintaining levels of urea and excretory materials in the blood. Kidneys also remove toxins.
• Maintaining acid-base balance of body by controlled excretion of H⁺ ions.
• Maintaining levels of various salts and ions.
• Maintaining optimum amounts of water in the blood and body.

X is Deforestation that affect water cycle and lead to the extinction of many wild species.

A: Oxygen; 

B: Carbon dioxide; 

C: Greenhouse effect; 

D: Global warming.

Osteoporosis: It is age-dependent systemic disorder. Its main symptoms include 

(1) microarchitectural disintegration, 

(2) Susceptibility to fractures. 

Factors responsible for osteoporosis: 

(i) Deficiency of calcium and calciferol (vit. D). 

(ii) Imbalances of hormones like sex hormones, steroid hormones as well as thyrocalcitonin.

Thyroxine deficiency decreases the urine output.

The pelvis receives urine from collecting tubules via calyces.

In the thin segment, transport of NaCI is passive while in the thick segment, it is active.

The three process of urine formation are: 

(a) Ultrafiltration, 

(b) Selective reabsorption 

(c) Tubular secretion.

The amount of the filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute is called glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR in a healthy individual is approximately 125 ml/minute, i.e., 180 litres per day.

The podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minute spaces called filtration slits.

The glomerular capillaries are narrower than the afferent renal arterioles, therefore the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries becomes very high and there is continuous process of ultrafiltration through the semi-permeable glomerular capillaries. 

Filtration of blood occurs through three layers: 

(i) The endothelium of glomerular blood vessels. 

(ii) The epithelium of Bowman's capsule and 

(iii) The basement membrane between the two layers. The epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule called podocytes are arranged intricately so as to leave minute spaces called filtration slits. The glomerular filtrate and blood plasma are similar except that glomerular filtrate does not have proteins and fats.

Ascending limb is impermeable to water and permeable to solutes. Descending limb is permeable to water and impermeable to solutes.

JGA is located where the distal convoluted tubule is in contact with the afferent arteriole in cortex.

Class 11 Biology MCQ Questions of Excretory Products and their Elimination with Answers can be of extreme help as you will be aware of all the concepts.  These MCQ Questions for Class 11 with answers for a quick revision of the Chapter thereby helping you to enhance subject knowledge. 

let us explore MCQ Questions for class 11 Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination for better revision of the Chapter. Have a look at the MCQ Questions of Biology Class 11 and cross-check your answers during preparation.

Practice MCQ Questions for class 11 Biology Chapter-Wise

1. Presence of RBCs in urine is

(a) Uremia
(b) ketonuria
(c) Glucosuria
(d) hematuria

2. The yellow pigment derived from heme breakdown and excreted by kidneys is

(a) Uric acid
(b) Urochrome
(c) Cholesterol
(d) Melanin

3. What happens when the glomerular filtration rate falls?

(a) Activation of podocytes
(b) Release of renin
(c) Repression of juxta glomerular cells
(d) None of the above

4. Kidneys are located in

(a) thoracic cavity
(b) abdominal cavity
(c) body cavity
(d) pelvic cavity

5. The muscular tubes which take the urine from the kidneys to the bladder are

(a) Urinary bladders
(b) Ureters
(c) Urethras
(d) Nephrons

6. Most water and salts are reabsorbed in

(a) DCT
(b) Bowman s capsule
(c) PCT
(d) DCT and PCT

7. JG cells release

(a) angiotensin II
(b) aldosterone
(c) renin
(d) ANF

8. Nerves, blood vessels, and ureter enters the kidney through

(a) calyces
(b) hilum
(c) capsule
(d) cortex

9. The renal medulla consists of cone-shaped tissue masses called ...........

(a) Renal pyramid
(b) Adipose capsule
(c) Renal cortex
(d) Renal pelvis

10. Nephron is made up of

(a) Malpighian body
(b) Coiled tuble
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above

11. Excretory products of a mammalian embryo are eliminated by-

(a) Placenta
(b) Amniotic fluid
(c) Allantois
(d) Ureters

12. Malpighian corpuscles are present in :–  

(a) Cortex
(b) Medulla
(c) Germinal cells
(d) None of the above

13. The basic functional unit of the human kidney is:

(a) Nephron
(b) Nephridia
(c) Pyramid
(d) Henle's loop

14. Podocytes are present in

(a) Afferent arteriole
(b) Efferent arteriole
(c) Peritubular network
(d) Bowman's cup

15. Glucose is taken back from glomerular filtrate through:

(a) Active transport
(b) Passive transport
(c) Osmosis
(d) Diffusion

16. Brush border is characteristic of:

(a) Neck of nephron
(b) Collecting tube
(c) Proximal convoluted tubule
(d) All the above

17. In the renal tubules, the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to water is controlled by:

(a) Vasopressin
(b) Aldosterone
(c) Growth hormone
(d) Renin

18. Inner wall of urinary bladder is composed of

(a) Unstriped muscles
(b) Striped muscles
(c) Stratified epithelium
(d) Transitional epithilium

19. A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of:

(a) fats
(b) amino acids
(c) glucose
(d) ketones

20. A notch present on the medial side of the kidney is known as

(a) Ureter
(b) Pelvis
(c) Hilus
(d) Pyramid

21. Which of the following components of blood does not enter into the nephron?

(a) plasma protein
(b) water
(c) urea
(d) glucose

22. In Prawn, excretion is carried out by

(a) Green glands
(b) Malpighian tubules
(c) Nephrons
(d) Flame cells

23. The sole mechanism for water reabsorption by the renal tubules is

(a) osmosis
(b) active transport
(c) cotransport with sodium ions
(d) cotransport with bicarbonate ions

24. The kidney of an adult frog is  

(a) pronephros
(b) mesonephros 
(c) metanephros
(d) opisthonephros 

25.  In mammals, the urinary bladder opens into

(a) Urethra
(b) Uterus
(c) Vestibule
(d) Ureter

Answer:

 1. Answer : (d) hematuria

Explanation: Hematuria – the presence of red blood cells in the urine – can be caused by a number of different conditions.

2. Answer : (b) Urochrome

Explanation: Urobilin is generated from the degradation of heme, which is first degraded through biliverdin to bilirubin. When urobilinogen is exposed to air, it is oxidized to urobilin, giving urine its yellow color.

3. Answer : (b) Release of renin

Explanation: When the rate of GFR lowers it then activates the juxtaglomerular cells that in turn release the renin hormone whose function is to stimulate the glomerular blood flow and thereby normalizes the GFR level.

4. Answer : (b) abdominal cavity

Explanation: Your kidneys are located in the back of your abdomen, just under your ribcage, on each side of your spine.

5. Answer : (b) Ureters

Explanation: The ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually 25–30 cm (10–12 in) long and 3–4 mm in diameter. The ureter is one of the essential organs of the urinary tract that controls urine transport.

6. Answer : (c) PCT

Explanation: Proximal convoluted tubule and Henle's loop of the nephron and collecting ducts of the kidney are all able to reabsorb either water or salt or both, making urine more concentrated.

7. Answer : (c) renin

Explanation: Specialized granule cells called juxtaglomerular cells or JG cells in the afferent arteriole release renin into the circulation. Renin is a proteolytic enzyme that converts an inactive plasma protein, an \(\alpha_2\) globulin, called angiotensinogen, into angiotensin I.

8. Answer : (b) hilum

Explanation: Ureters, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter and leave at the renal hilum. The renal arteries arise directly from the aorta, and the renal veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava.

9. Answer : (a) Renal pyramid

Explanation: Renal pyramids (or Malpighian pyramids or Malpighi's pyramids named after Marcello Malpighi, a seventeenth-century anatomist) are cone-shaped tissues of the kidney.

10. Answer : (c) Both of the above

Explanation: A nephron is composed of a glomerulus and a renal tubule. The renal tubule is subdivided further into the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct.

11. Answer : (a) Placenta

Explanation: The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply.

12. Answer : (a) Cortex

Explanation: Malpighian corpuscles are also known as renal corpuscles are the small part of nephrons that contains glomerulus (a knot of capillaries) surrounded by Bowman's capsule (a double-walled capsule). It occurs in the Cortex of the kidney and is involved infiltration.

13. Answer : (a) Nephron

Explanation: Nephron, a functional unit of the kidney, is the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. There are about 1,000,000 nephrons in each human kidney.

14. Answer : (d) Bowman's cup

Explanation: Podocytes are highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus that wrap around capillaries and that neighbor cells of the Bowman's capsule.

15. Answer :  (a) Active transport

Explanation: Glucose is taken back from the glomerular filtrate by the proximal convoluted tubule by active transport.

16. Answer :(c) Proximal convoluted tubule

Explanation:  Brush borders are those found in the luminal (inner) surfaces of the small intestine and the proximal tubule of the kidney. They are made up of numerous microvilli projecting at the free surface of epithelial lining.

17. Answer : (a) Vasopressin

Explanation: ADH or vasopressin increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and collecting ducts (CD) to water by integrating aquaporin-2 channels into the membrane of DCT and CD.

18. Answer :(d) Transitional epithilium

Explanation: The urothelium is the inner lining of the bladder. It is made up of urothelial cells (also called transitional cells). The urothelium is also called the transitional epithelium.

19. Answer :(d) ketones

Explanation:  If a person is undergoing prolonged fasting, his urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of ketones. During fasting, energy is obtained by the oxidation of reserved fats. As a result of fatty acid oxidation, large amounts of ketone bodies are produced such as acetoacetate, \(\beta-\)hydroxybutyrate, and acetone.

20. Answer : (c) Hilus

Explanation: Kidneys are surrounded by a capsule called renal capsule. The point at which the renal arteries and nerves enter the kidney and renal veins and ureter leave the kidney is called the hilum. It is a deep notch present on the inner surface of the kidney. So, the correct answer is 'hilus'.

21. Answer : (a) plasma protein

Explanation: Proteins will be present in blood plasma, but not present in glomerular filtrate or urine. This is because proteins cannot pass through the basement membrane during ultrafiltration and thus cannot form part of the filtrate.

22. Answer : (a) Green glands

Explanation: The main excretory organs of prawns are paired green glands. They are located within the second antennae which are the second pair of appendages, attached to the anterior part of the body. Each green gland consists of on endsac, labyrinth and a bladder.

23. Answer : (a) osmosis

Explanation:  Water reabsorption is by osmosis through water channels in the membrane. These water channels consist of a family of proteins called aquaporin. At least seven different aquaporin isoforms are expressed in the kidney.

24. Answer : (b) mesonephros 

Explanation:  Mesonephric kidney consists of a large number of tubules that develop internal glomeruli enclosed in capsules forming Malpighian bodies.

25.Answer : (a) Urethra

Explanation: Urine leaves the bladder via the urethra, a single muscular tube ending in an opening called the urinary meatus, where it exits the body.

Click here to practice Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQ Questions for Class 11

(a) The correct Answer: is Endemic species 

(b) The correct Answer: is Endangered species 

(c) The correct Answer: is Tiger 

(d) The correct Answer: is Extinct species 

(e) The correct Answer: is Dinosaur

The kidneys are considered as master chemists of the body. 

(i) If they are damaged, it would disturb the normal functioning of the life processes. 

(ii) Due to the effect of toxins produced by some bacteria the filters of tiny uriniferous tubules are damaged. 

(iii) They become perforated with larger holes and allow blood cells, and proteins to pass through them along with the urea and water during filtration of blood in formation of urine.

It is true that a person suffering from very low blood pressure does not pass sufficient urine. The reason for this is, the blood to pass through the glomerulus of the nephron must have required amount of pressure in it. If the pressure is not sufficient it will not flow through the glomerulus and filtration would not take place, hence no urine would be formed. This is quite harmful to the person as waste products go on accumulating in the body. To avoid this, a person should be advised to take sufficient amount of water and medicines to keep the blood pressure at an optimum level.

An aquarium fish excrete ammonia whereas a pigeon excretes uric acid. Ammonia is highly toxic and needs to be eliminated as rapidly as it is formed. A fish living in water have immediate access to water and can eliminate ammonia easily and directly. Ammonia being soluble in water requires a large volume of water for its elimination which a fish can afford. A bird has very less access to water and can conserve water in its body by eliminating insoluble uric acid crystals.

(a)

(b)

A substance which increase the volume of urine excreted is called diuretic. e.g., tea, coffee etc.

Blood entering the glomerulus is filtered into the glomerular capsule, this filtrate which contains both essential and nonessential substances like water, glucose, vitamins, amino acids, nitrogenous wastes, ions and plasma proteins is called primary urine.

Since the blood is filtered so finely through the membranes, that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the proteins are filtered, it is called ultra filtration.

Bowman’s Capsule.

It is formed by three layers:

• Endothelium of glomerular capillaries
• Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule
• Basement membrane between the two.

‘Ultra filtration’ is the first step in the formation of urine. It is the process wherein substances from the blood brought into the glomerulus are filtered into the Bowman’s capsule of the nephron, through the ultra fine endothelia-capsular barrier or membrane. It is made possible by the high blood pressure in the glomarular capillaries and the osmotic pressure exerted by the contents on either side (glomerular lumen + Bowman capsular lumen) of the endothelia capsular membrane. The glomerular filtrate or primary urine resembles the blood plasma in its chemical composition, except for the high molecular weight (large molecules) organic molecules.

Dialysis is a process by which solutes in a solution’are separated by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.

The protected forests are not safe for wild animals because the people from adjacent areas use natural forests resource to fulfill their needs. The smugglers kill animals for money and also set forest on fire to eliminate technology to safeguard animals.

The Bowman’s Capsule.

Following are the activities that are prohibited in protected areas:

• Plantation
• Cultivation
• Felling trees
• Grazing
• Hunting and poaching

Western ghats and Eastern Himalayas are the two biodiversity hotspots of
India.

Biodiversity – The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered being important and desirable.

Ecosystem – An ecosystem is a community of living organisms with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are linked through nutrient cycles and energy flows.

Until now we have used our sense of smell to decide how tasty the eatable is:

• ‘Bhajiyas’ are being fried. They smell very good, so they must be tasty.
• If we sense burning smell, we assume that something must be burning and we try to find it out.
• From the odour, we decide whether the perfume is suitable to us or not.
• If we are passing along the road and sense a very nauseatic smell, we assume that some dog or other animal must have been dead.

Yes, I agree that forests are rich spots of biodiversity. 

Following are the reasons to support my statement:

• Forests provide habitat to a large number of animals or we must say most of the wildlife. By providing habitat to different group of animals they become a rich source of biodiversity.
• Area covered by forests is 6% of the total but 90% of the wildlife resides in them. Therefore, they are a rich source of biodiversity.
• Forests include a variety of plants, vegetation and thus provide great diversity in fauna and hence are a rich source of the biodiversity.

(1) The sense of smell becomes dull with aging, smoking and drinking, alcoholic beverages.

(2) When we have common cold, the receptors located in about two and a half square centimetres in upper nasal cavity become dead.

(i) Atrial systole.

(ii) (1) Left pulmonary artery

(2) Superior vena cava

(3) Aorta.

(iii) Simul taneous contraction of both the auricles. Because the cuspid valves are open, allowing blood to flow into ventricles.

Flavours travel from mouth down the throat and up again along the air-passage leading to nasal cavities. We ‘smell’ when we inhale and we ‘sense’ flavours when we exhale. Thus, the nose plays an important part in savouring food items.

(a) Diagrammatic relationship of artery, capillary and vein.

(b) The two extra things shown here are:

(i) Arrows indicating the flow of blood to and from heart.

(ii) Red blood cells passing through a capillary.

Correct option is C) Skin

Correct option is A) Skin

Task Force on Eliminating Poverty

Per capita income is the average income per head of population in one year. 

Per capita monthly expenditure of an individual family can be calculated by using the following formula. 

Per Capita monthly expenditure =\(\cfrac{Total \,Income \,of \,a \,family}{No. of \,members\, in \,a \,family}\)

Note: Students can do further calculations with the help of their family head.

Tissue Phloem transports manufactured food from leaves to other parts of the plant.

1. Durable Goods

2. Himachal Pradesh

3. Industrialization

4. Population explosion

5. Salt and Sugar

6. Anti socio activities

1. 2250

2. urban

3. Rural

4. imaginary

5. 21.2%

Types of Poverty: 

(i) Rural Poverty: Poverty prevailing in rural areas is called rural poverty. A person who consumes less than 2400 calories per day is said to be a rural poor. This poverty is mostly found among poor farmers, artisans, landless laborers, etc. It can be removed by agricultural growth and anti-poverty programmes. 

(ii) Urban Poverty: Poverty prevailing in urban areas is called urban poverty. A person who consumes less than 2100 calories per day is said to be an urban poor. This poverty is more found among people who live in slums with unhygienic conditions or are employed in low- paid jobs. It can be removed by using laborintensive techniques, growth of employment programs, etc. 

(iii) Absolute Poverty: Absolute poverty is a condition in which even the basic needs of a person are not satisfied. A person who is unable to consume 2100 calories per day in urban areas or 2400 per day in rural areas, is said to be absolutely poor. It is found in poor and developing countries of the world like India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, etc. 

(iv) Relative Poverty: Relative poverty is based on the comparison of the lower-income groups with the higher-income groups. It is judged on the basis of per capita income and per capita consumption expenditure of people in a country. It is a universal phenomenon and is found in all countries.

Relative poverty. 

This is an example of differences between two different sections of people in terms of consumption and level of income. Such differences create relative poverty. It is found in all the countries of the world. It cannot be eradicated completely.