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A preprocessor directive is a command that is considered for execution before the processor executes the program.

This is also called as typecasting. It temporarily changes a variable data type from its declared data type to a new one.

For example, T_Pay = double (salary) + bonus;

सही विकल्प है (d) cgets

The two types of typecasting are implicit conversion and explicit conversion.

Strings which contains double quotes should be defined with Triple quotes

In strings, the negative index assigned from the last character to the first character in reverse order begins with -1

The format( ) function used with strings is very versatile and powerful function used for formatting strings. The curly braces { } are used as placeholders or replacement fields which get replaced along with format( ) function.

Example:

num1 = int (input (“Number 1: “))

num2 = int (input (“Number 2: “))

print (“The sum of { } and { } is { }”.format (num1, num2, (num1 + num2)))

OutPut:

Number 1 : 34

Number 2 : 54

The sum of 34 and 54 is 88.

Printf() and scanf() are two functions of stdio.h

Atoi() and itoa() are two functions for stdlib.h

iostream stands for input/output stream. It is a header file which we include in our programs, to perform basic input-output operations.

Strupr() and strlwr()

(d) All the above

Toupper() and tolower() are the two examples for ctype.h functions.

Del is used to remove the entire string variable

Answer is (a) { } 

(b) Multiline Strings

Program:

str1 = “COMPUTER”

index = len (str1)

for i in str 1:

print (str 1[: index])

index – = 1

(a) Replace ( )

(d) Either (a) or (b)

str1 = “School”

print (str1*3)

Output:

School School School

In python, end value is considered as n – 1

Slice is a substring of a main string

The default value of stride is 1

(c) UdanlimaT

+ operator is used for concatenation

String is a data type in python, which is used to handle array of characters. String is a sequence of Unicode characters that may be a combination of letters, numbers, or special symbols enclosed within single, double or even triple quotes.

Example:

‘Welcome to learning Python’

“Welcome to learning Python”

“Welcome to learning Python”

(d) All are correct

x = 1 2 3

print (“original number: “ , x)

print (“formatted number(right padding, width 6): “+” {: * < 7 d}”.format(x));

Output:

original number : 1 2 3

formatted number (right padding, width 6): 1 2 3 ***

(c) Type error

output:

weoo 1

The positive subscript of the string starts from 0 and ends with n – 1

(c) Repeat ⇒ /

If you want to modify the string, a new string value can be assign to the existing string variable. To define a new string value to the existing string variable. Python completely overwrite new string on the existing string.

Example:

>>> str1= ”How are you”

>>> print (str1)

How are you

>>> str1= ”How about you”

>>> print (str1)

How about you

(b) Backslash – //

% g or % G is the formatting character for short numbers in floating point or exponential notation.

import

text =

“‘Strings are immutable. Slice is a substring of a main string. Stride is a third argument in slicing operation'”

text_without_lndentation= textwrap.dedent (text) wrapped = extwrap.fill (text_without_Indentation, width = 50)

print (textwrap.indent(wrapped, ‘*’)

print ()

Output:

• Strings are immutable.
• Slice is a substring of a main string.
• Stride is a third argument in slicing operation

(a) %d or %i

Format ( ) function is a powerful function used for formatting strings.

+ = is used to append a new string with an existing string

s1 = input (“Enter the first string: “)

s2 = input (“Enter the second string: “)

print (‘concatenated strings = ’ , ” ” ,join ([s1, s2])) 

Output:

Enter the first string: Tamil

Enter the second string: Nadu

concatenated strings = Tamil Nadu

The in and Not in operators can be used with strings to determine whether a string is present another string.

[ ] is the slicing operator

Escape sequences starts with a Back Slash

Output :

*

* *

* * *

* * * *

* * * * *

String Operators:

Python provides the following operators for string operations. These operators are useful to manipulate string.

(i) Concatenation (+):

Joining of two or more strings is called as Concatenation. The plus (+) operator is used to concatenate strings in python. 

Example:

>>> “welcome” + “Python”

‘welcomePython’

(ii) Append (+=):

Adding more strings at the end of an existing string is known as append. The operator += is used to append a new string with an existing string. 

Example:

>>> str1 = ”Welcome to ”

>>> str1+= ”Leam Python”

>>> print (str1)

Welcome to Learn Python

(iii) Repeating (*):

The multiplication operator (*) is used to display a string in multiple number of times.

Example:

>>> str1 = ”Welcome”

>>> print (str1*4)

Welcome Welcome Welcome Welcome

(iv) String slicing:

Slice is a substring of a main string. A substring can be taken from the original string by using [ ] operator and index or subscript values. Thus, [ ] is also known as slicing operator. Using slice operator, you have to slice one or more substrings from a main string.

General format of slice operation:

str[start: end]

Where start is the beginning index and end is the last index value of a character in the string. Python takes the end value less than one from the actual index specified.

For example, if you want to slice first 4 characters from a string, you have to specify it as 0 to 5. Because, python consider only the end value as n – 1.

Example:

(i) slice a single character from a string 

>>> str1= ”THIRUKKURAL ”

>>> print (str1 [0])

T .

(v) Stride when slicing string

When the slicing operation, you can specify a third argument as the stride, which refers to the number of characters to move forward after the first character is retrieved from the string. The default value of stride is 1.

Example:

>>> str1= “Welcome to learn Python”

>>> print (str1 [10:16])

learn

Note: Remember that, python takes the last value as n – 1

You can also use negative value as stride (third argument). If you specify a negative value, it prints in reverse order.

Example:

>>> str1 = “Welcome to learn Python”

>>> print(str1 [::-2])

nhy re teoIW

in is the membership operator.

string = input (“Enter string:”)

char = 0

word = 0

line = 0

for i in string:

char = char + 1

if (i = = “):

word = word + 1

elif (i = = ‘ \n’):

line = line +1

print (“Number of words in the string: “)

print (word)

print (“Number of characters in the string: “)

print (char)

print (“Number of lines in the string: “)

print (line)

Output:

Enter string: welcome to learning python

Number of words in the string : 4

Number of characters in the string : 26

Number of lines in the string : 1

There are 2 membership operators