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(B) Adolescents

1. Adolescence is the growing age where we may observe some changes in behaviour. 

2. They are very fast in taking decisions. 

3. They do not want to be forced to do any work, behave peculiarly sometimes fast and sometimes frigid. 

4. Adolescents prefers to spend more times before the mirror and like to use perfumes. 

5. They do not want to listen to parents suggestions and feels friends are correct but not parents. 

6. They search for identify from teachers and peer groups. 

7. They want more independence in taking decisions. 

8. Sometimes they feel shy and sometimes feel happy. 

9. They try to get romantic relationships. 

10. They are more inclined towards unhealthy habits. 

11. The adolescents have attraction towards opposite sex. 

12. The mind of an adolescent is full of zealous acts and urge to find reasons for several things around. 

13. Emotionally they are in a turbulent state all the time they get new thoughts for their life activities. 

14. An adolescent feel insecure while trying to adjust to the changes in the body and the mind. 

15. They seek company of friends to share their feelings even if they are of opposite sex.

The age between childhood and adulthood is childhood

Reproduction is most important for the continuation of the human race.

Answer: (ii) proper diet is needed for the rapid growth taking place in their body. 

Answer: (i) menstruation starts. 

Answer: (ii) chapatti, dal, vegetables. 

1. To instill life skills. 

2. To ensure that every college going youth is equipped with conceptual knowledge about various basic health aspects. 

3. To increase the capacity of educational system in teaching various basic health aspects. 

4. To motivate youth and build their capacity as peer educators. 

5. To promote voluntary blood donations.

At the age of adolescence growth in height takes place about 18 years of age both boys and girls reach their maximum height.

The sex organs by which children are identified as boys or girls at birth represent primary sexual characters.

Answer: (ii) proper diet is needed for the rapid growth taking place in their body. 

Answer: (i) menstruation starts. 

Answer: (ii) chapatti, dal, vegetables. 

 Appearance of moustache and beard. 

 Appearance of chest hair. 

 Growth of hair in genital area and other parts of the body. 

 Increase in breast size and darkening of the skin of nipples present at the tip of the breasts. 

 Growth of hair in genital area and other body parts. 

(c) Sex of an unborn baby depends upon the pair of sex chromosomes that are present in the cells of the baby. The two sex chromosomes are X and Y. The unfertilized egg always has one X chromosome. But sperms are of two kinds. One kind has an X chromosome, and the other kind has a Y chromosome. If both the chromosomes are X then the baby is girl. If one of the chromosomes are X and the other is Y then the baby is boy.

The gland responsible for control emotions is Pituitary

1. If young generation is trapped into unhealthy habits like consuming tobacco (gutkha, cigarettes, cigar, beedi) they addicted to such social evil. 

2. Todays children are tomorrows citizens so it should be avoided. 

3. A famous psychiatrist Stanly Hall stated that adolescence is the age of stress and strain. By getting proper guidance from teachers, parents and elders, the adolescents be able to lead a happy meaning full life and they will save the future of the country.

1. During the period of menstruation women are treated as untouchable by some sections of people in our society. 

2. Generally during this period they feel weak and uncomfortable physically. 

3. By this kind of discrimination, mentally also they get hurt and feel that why they have born as woman. 

4. By separation, it would be known to all by this the girl may feels shy, unable to move freely with others and she becomes dull in studies.

Eating of junk food causes,

• increased obesity, 
• loss of memory and learning problems, 
• worsens appetite and digestion, inadequate growth and development, 
• heart diseases and stroke.

1. If fertilization took place, the uterus receives a fertilized egg and this results in pregnancy and would give rise a baby which develops in the uterus. 

2. If fertilization does not occur this cause bleeding in woman, which is the unwanted and waste to the uterus. So it can be treated as impure or unclean and may create some problems in uterus. 

3. During menstrual period proper care regarding health and hygiene is needed rather than following myths.

Jaggery is a rich source of Iron

• At Adolescent, male sex organs like the Testes and penis develop completely.
• In girls, the ovary enlarges and eggs begin to mature.

During adolescent voice of boys become Harsh

Answer is (D) Adrenal

Adrenalin hormone secreted by Adrenal gland.

Answer is (C) iii only

Eating junk foods regularly may cause problems like obesity, mouth and stomach ulcerations, increase in blood sugar levels and blood pressure etc. So adolescents must say no to junk foods.

The Adam’s apple is actually a partial growth of our voice box or larynx.

The Adam’s apple is formed due to elongation of the thyroid cartilage, which protrudes out in front of the neck.

A partial growth of larynx.

Yes. It is true.

1. A number of addicted people at the age of 15 or below is 57.57 lakhs (68%) in Andhra Pradesh. 

2. When they reach 30 years of age their internal organ system becomes damaged, and this leads to severe problems.

3. Sometimes, may cause death also. 

4. It is dangerous alarm in our country. 

5. So adolescents should be aware of healthy habits.

1. Attraction towards opposite sex is a normal response. 

2. Full of zealous acts and urge to find reasons of several things around. 

3. Emotional state at all the time and get new thoughts for the life activities. 

4. Behave in a different as compared to what they did during childhood with peers and elders. 

5. More independent in nature and very self conscious. 

6. Feel insecure while trying to adjust to the changes in the body and the mind.

7. They need a lot of attention, love and care as well as answer to all their queries regarding their body and self development.

(D) Above said all characters

a) To observe nucleus and other cell organelles, staining is very essential. 

b) Cell wall provides mechanical strength to the cell. It protects the plant cell from external shocks.

Adolescence is the energetic stage. It is the age when growth and development takes place at faster rate. They need good nutrition support. That is why they have to plant to take balanced diet with fruits, milk, egg and iron rich foods. They must say no to junk foods. Cleanliness is more important in this stage to avoid several bacterial, fungal infections. So it would better to take bath twice in a day. Air body parts and inner wears should be washed with fat rich soaps. No to creams, liquids etc. Girls should take special care of cleanliness during the time of menstrual cycle. Making use of disposable napkins may reduce chance of infections. All young ones should take a walk, exercise and play outdoor games. The physical activity leads to conditions of better health. Better to sleep early and awake early in the morning is a good sleeping habit. Think positive is good keep confidence and free from stress. Better to consult your parent, teacher or a doctor to clear the doubts and mental stress. And say no to drugs, alcohol and other stress relievers. Peers don’t have much knowledge in these problems, so better to take advices from parents and teachers. Practicing of different life skills makes an adolescent free from all hazards and become a good citizen. 

Ductless glands as they do not have ducts.

Growth takes place in adolescence period.

They help in the regulation of the functioning of the human body.

1. Name the structure shown in the above figure.

2. How does this structure grow? 

3. In whom can you observe this structure? 

4. What changes do you observe in boys after the development of Adam’s apple?

They release some chemicals (called hormones) directly into the blood.

Endocrine Glands:

1. The glands which help in the regulation of the functioning of the human body are called endocrine glands. 

2. They release some chemicals directly into the blood which are called hormones.

Menstrual cycle: 

1. The cycle of changes takes place in the female reproductive system is called menstrual cycle. It occurs once in 28 to 30 days. 

2. It is termed as “menarche”. 

3. The first menstrual cycle begins at around 10-12 years of age and lasts till the age of 45 – 50 years.

Sweat glands: They are present in the dermis of the skin. They absorb the excess salts and water from the blood vessels and send them outside of the skin as sweat.

1. A) Adam’s Apple

2. B) Voice becomes harsh

1. Do not scratch the pimples.

2. Wash your face regularly with a mild soap. 

3. Use luke warm water to wash pimples and acne. 

4. Never get worried of pimples and acne because stress and strain may help them to increase.

Sebaceous glands: They are present in the dermis layer of the skin. They produce oil-like substances like sebum. It helps the skin to become dry.

1) Adrenalin 

2) Testes 

3) Growth hormone 

4) Testosterone, Estrogen

1. As per child marriage restriant act 1978, the maximum age for marriage is 21 years for females and 23 years for males. 

2. A female whose age is less than 21 years is not physically or mentally developed. 

3. Because of anatomical immaturity, she is not in a condition to either to lead a married life or to have children. 

4. Marriage at lower age for girls becomes a greater risk both for the girl and the child. 

5. Hence child marriage is a social sin, it should be avoided.

The legal age for marriage is 18 years for girls and 21 years for boys.

C) endocrine glands

(A) Release of sperms

• Release of sperm testosterone harmone is released
• Increase of breast Estrogen harmone is released

Pregnancy: After the fertilization of male and female gametes the fertilized egg is formed. This is received by the uterus and this results in pregnancy.

Child marriage is a social evil which causes unwanted damage to the lives of children.

Answer is (A) Ovum

Answer is (B) gametes

Hormones: They are chemical substances released by endocrine glands.