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• Private Banks – ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Yes Bank, HDFC Bank. 
• Foreign Banks – Standard Chartered Bank, DBS Bank, Doha Bank, Bank of America, Royal Bank of Scotland.

(b) (A) is FALSE but (R) is TRUE

• To make the Indian economy market oriented by introducing it in the arena of globalization. To bring down the rate of inflation. 
• To move towards a higher economic growth rate. 
• To build sufficient foreign exchange reserve. 
• To achieve economic stabilization.
• To promote international trade by removing restrictions.
• To increase the participation of private players in all sectors of the economy. 
• To reduce the reserved numbers of sectors for the government. 
• To reduce the gap between import and export (BOP).

No, I do not agree with the statement. 

Globalisation for any country is important and the benefits are as follows: 

• Globalisation helps developing countries to improve overall economic management and make their economies efficient.
• An increase in competition reduces the cost and improves the quality of products. 
• More varieties are made available to consumers and at lower prices. 
• Countries can get access to foreign investment and keep interest rates low. 
• Political stability is established.

Major Achievements: 

• Revolution in the IT sector: The contribution of the IT sector to national income has considerably increased. The demand for software engineers has increased in the developed countries. 
• Improved financial facilities: The financial sector has become more competitive due to the entry of private and foreign banks. 
• Improvement in educational standards: Standards of educational institutions are improving and our students are getting more opportunities to study abroad. 
• Increase in exports: Due to rising in export, the conditions of our adverse balance of payment is improving. 
• Diversification of cropping: Due to globalization, the farmers have shifted from practicing traditional cropping to non-traditional cropping patterns. 
• Solves the problem of scarcity: Due to liberal imports, the economy can overcome the scarcity of goods and raw materials.

Globalization means the interaction of the domestic economy with the rest of the world with regard to foreign investment, trade, production, and financial matters. The government has opened the economy to foreign investments. Foreign capital is allowed in India without any restrictions. This flow of foreign capital encouraged high-priority industries to boost their production.

Wrong Pair: 

Disinvestment – Less investment

Though NEP, 1991 brought many achievements to the economy, it has also brought failures in many areas: 

Failures of Economic Policy, 1991: 

Lack of self-sufficiency: Globalisation led to the diversion of production to export-oriented products which were demanded globally. This failed to achieve self-sufficiency in the home country.

Adverse effect on the domestic market: Imported goods were cheaper and were flooded in the Indian market due to liberal import policy. Thus, domestic markets were adversely affected due to globalisation and liberalisation. 

Affected poor farmers: Poor farmers were not able to produce goods as per the export standards due to a lack of capital. So, the benefits of globalisation and liberalisation reached rich farmers only. This led to the selling of lands by small farmers for their survival.

Unhealthy competition: Indian companies could not match the competition with multinational companies and as a result, many Indian Companies had to declare themselves as ‘sick units’ or had to close down the industry-leading to unemployment and poverty in the society. 

Neglects welfare aspect: Privatisation led to an increase in prices of products and services, as private firms are profitoriented and not welfare-oriented. They are more interested in their profits rather than the welfare of society. Thus, the economic policy of 1991 failed to achieve the welfare of the masses. 

Unemployment: Closing down of companies due to unhealthy competition by multinational companies, led to unemployment in the economy. An increase in the unemployment level in the country led to poverty and inequality.

1. SEBI

2. Maruti-Suzuki

3. Globalisation

4. Navratnas

5. Maharatna Companies

6. Reforms in Insurance Sector

7. Delicensing

1. Mahindra & Mahindra

2. FERA

3. ONGC

Correct option is (a) (A) is TRUE but (R) is FALSE

Features of Economic Policy, 1991: 

• Delicensing: The new industrial policy abolished all industrial licensing, except 18 specified industries related to security and strategic concerns and social reasons.
• Abolition of MRTP Act: No prior approval of the MRTP commission is now required for setting up industrial units by the large business houses. 
• Encouragement to Small Scale Industries (SSI): The investment limit of the SSI has been increased up to 5 crores which will help to upgrade their machinery.
• Encouraging Foreign Investment: Many industrial units were open to foreign investment under the 1991 policy. The limit was raised to 51% and 100% in some industries and 100% in mining, pollution control equipment, electricity generation projects, ports, etc.

Yes, I do agree with the statement. 

• In a country like India, there are many agro-based industries like sugar, textile, oil, etc. 
• These industries depend on agriculture for their raw materials. 
• Hence, agriculture supports industries. 
• Industries also support agriculture in the sense that new methods of agriculture require more use of pump sets, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural implements, etc. 
• All these are produced and supplied by the industrial sector. 
• With the help of these inputs, farmers produce more output. 
• Hence, the statement agriculture and industry are interdependent is a true statement.

Globalisation refers to a borderless economy having a free flow of goods and services, capital, labour, technology, etc. In other words, it means integrating the economy of a country with the world economy.

Globalisation has helped the economy to increase foreign exchange reserve in the following ways:

• Encouragement to Foreign Capital: Due to globalisation, foreign investors were allowed to invest in Indian companies. Thus, foreign capital started flowing into various sectors of the economy. This led to an increase in the earnings of foreign currency. 
• Convertibility of Rupee: Due to globalisation and new economic policy, Rupee was made fully convertible ‘ into all current account transactions. This made foreign transactions easy and hence, the foreign currency started flowing into our economy. 
• Foreign Collaboration: Due to liberalization and globalisation, any trade was possible throughout the world. Indian companies made foreign collaboration to increase their business. This led to the flow of foreign exchange currency in India. E.g. Maruti-Suzuki, Hero Honda, etc. 
• Encouragement to Export: Due to the introduction of the Exim Policy, various incentives were allowed to exporters which made exporters do business on a larger scale. This increased India’s export and foreign exchange currency reserves. Thus to conclude, globalisation has overall encouraged to increase the foreign exchange reserves.

1. The President is not elected directly by the people. She or he can never claim the kind of direct popular mandate that the Prime Minister can.

2. This ensures that she or he remains only a nominal executive.

3. The Constitution gives vast powers to the President. But the latter exercises them only on the advice of the Council of Ministers.

4. The President can ask the Council of Ministers to reconsider its advice. But if the same advice is given again, she or he is bound to act according to it. Similarly, when a bill comes to the President for signatures she or he can return it to the Parliament with her or his advice.

5. But when the bill comes for her signatures again, she or he has to sign it, whether the Parliament agrees to her / his advice or not.

Measures were taken for Liberalisation: 

• Banks are free to determine the rate of interest. Earlier it was determined by RBI. 
• The industries are free to expand and produce. The producers are now free to produce anything on the basis of demand in the market. 
• Companies falling under MRTP Act are given a concession. Firms are free to make decisions regarding investment. 
• FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) was introduced in place of FERA. 
• Domestic and foreign investment is allowed in infrastructure to improve its quality. 
• SEBI was formed to secure the interest of the investors.

i. State List

ii. Concurrent List

iii. Union Government

iv. 29, 7

v. Parliamentary

(b) In 1789 AD

There was a great loss of life and property. 6 crore soldiers took part in the war. About 1 crore 30 lac were killed, 2 crore 20 lac were injured, and a lot of property was destroyed. 

Approx 86 billion dollars were spent in the war.

1. Autocratic regimes were established in Germany, Austria and Russia. 

2. Many changes took place after war through peaceful treaties. New nations were emerged as Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Poland, etc.

3. Government based on different philosophies were established. Communist government in Russia, Nazism in Germany, Facism in Italy, etc. 

4. US gave economic support in war by providing large loans to Allied nations. In Paris Peace Summit, President of America Wilson played an important role. This war increased the impact of America. 

5. Women’s condition was improved as they played a major role in civil and medical field. 

6. The seed of the Second World War sown in the First World War as Treaty of Versailles  made Italy and Germany unsatisfied. They pushed the world into the Second World War. 

7. League of Nations was established by the efforts of US President Wilson to solve the problems of war countries. Though this institution did not get success in solving the problems.

Causes: 

1. Treaty of Versailles: With this treaty, the victorious Allied nations fixed several restrictions, but people of Germany did not accept them. Later on, Adolf Hitler violated these restrictions, which caused the Second World War. 

2. Failure of UNO: UNO was formed to settle disputes and maintain peace among the countries, but the allied nations used UNO for their own profit. UNO proved to be incapable in taking action against dictators. 

3. Britain’s policy of appeasement: Britain wanted to use Germany to control increasing communist impact. In view of trade development Germany consumed British goods. Therefore, it showed sympathetic behaviour with Germany. Britain took no action when Germany occupied Austria, division of Czechoslovakia, and militarization of Rhineland. 

4. Impact of aggressive nationalism: After war, aggressive feeling of nationalism and militarism was the main cause of the Second World War. It arose more in Italy, Germany and Japan. Even LoN failed to control the situation. It created the possibilities of war. 

5. Development of dictatorship: After the First World War, democracy could not establish in defeated countries. Dictatorship developed in Germany, Italy and Japan. These countries were violating Versailles Treaty and Berlin, Rome and Tokyo combined to form Axis powers. Against this, the Allied nations made their own group. 

6. Lack of co-ordination among allied nations: There were absence of harmony between allied nations. Unitedly they couldn’t take any action against Germany, Japan and Italy. It encouraged Germany which converted into a danger for world. 

7. Failure of Disarmament policy: Allied nations wanted to impose disarmament policy for defeated nations but did not follow it themselves. Other nations had understood it. Hence a competition of armament was started in Germany and other nations. It became the danger to world peace. 

8. Economic crises or recession: The economic crises of 1929-30 affected the economy of all European nations. It destroyed the feeling of security and emergence of dictators occurred. It encouraged war. 

9. Immediate Causes: After usurping Czechoslovakia, Germany attacked Poland. Britain and France declared war against Germany and thus Second World War began.

Result: 

There was a great loss of life and property. About 6 crore people were killed.

1. Expenditure reached billions of dollars. 

2. Atom bombs were used in the war which proved to be very destructive. 

3. After war, the world was divided into two parts—communists and capitalists. 

4. The allied countries divided Germany into two parts to make it weak. 

5. Armed groups were formed all over the world. 

6. After the Second World War, many countries got freedom, which were earlier the colonies of European nations. 

7. UNO was formed on 24th Oct. 1945.

8. War Crime Commission was established to discuss over issues associated with war prisoners. 

9. Two super powers USA and USSR came into existence. 

10.Imperialism became weak. 

11.Position of Europe became weak.

Causes of Imperialistic expansion by western nations:

1. The fulfilment of economic hunger of the western nations was the main cause. 

2. After Industrial Revolution, industrial production was increased in England, France, Germany, Italy and USA. New places were required to sell their goods. 

3. European nations tried to control over places which were rich in natural resources to fulfil their demand of raw materials. 

4. Capital was accumulated in European nations, investment of this wealth required new places. 

5. Communication and transport facilities supported the imperial expansion. 

6. Population was increasing in these nations so new places were required. 

7. Christian missionaries played a crucial role in expansion of imperialist power. In South Asian countries- India, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, etc. became the victim of western imperialistic expansion. In India there was a trade competition, among British, French and Dutch East India Companies. After mutual struggle, British East India company through Battle of Plassey 1757, military success at Buxur 1764, defeat of Maratha confederacy in 1818, got success to establish their rule and expand imperial power in India. Britishers also held control over Sri Lanka, which became independent in 1948. England, Holland and France had their control on Indonesia, Thailand, Burma, Nalaya, Timor, which are south-east Asian nations. 

8. England and France had their control over South Africa mainly. English people here also adopted their Apartheid policy (colour prejudice). Blacks were exploited and atrocities were made on them. Here slavery system prevailed and western people were involved in slave trade.

Causes: 

1. Political causes: The king of France were autocratic and self-willed. They ignored the suffering of the people. They imposed new taxes on people and spent money on luxuries. Thus, the people were much distressed from them. 

2. Economic causes: Economic condition of France was very bad. Because of luxurious life of high class, the entire burden of taxation fell on the common people, and the taxes were collected mercilessly. People belonging to first and second class were exempt from paying taxes. Hence, pitiable condition of people became the cause of revolution. 

3. Social causes: Before French revolution, the clergy and the high class people were leading a luxurious life. They were privileged. On the other hand, common people were living a miserable life. They were under heavy taxes. Thus, people of this third class supported the Revolution. 

4. Impact of American struggle of freedom: French soldiers went USA for army help. From there, they got the inspiration of patriotism, freedom and self-respect. Freedom struggle of USA gave birth to French Revolution.

5. Emergence of middle class: Peasants and labourers had no power to oppose the high class. Middle class people-advocates, teachers, doctors, thinkers, etc. opposed them. They all wanted a reform in France. 

6. Intellectual awareness: Condition like in France pervaded in almost all the European countries. The revolutionary ideas of philosophers and writers became the first cause of the revolution. Their ideas sowed seeds of the revolution. Montesque, Voltaire, Rousseau, played an important role in the revolution.

7. Religious Dissatisfaction: During the rule of Louis XVI, there were 1,25,000 clearg in France. This clergy was living luxurious life, while the poor people even had no food. Poor and hungry people did not approve the prosperity of church. Religious tax Tithe’ was collected forcefully. This increased dissatisfaction. 

8. Fall of Bastille: In 1789, an advocate Camille Desmoulins’ rousing speech incited the crowd in Paris. On 19 July, the rebels attacked Bastille. They broke open its gates and got released all the prisoners. They assassinated the security guards. This incident of 14 July 1789 started the French.

Results: 

1. End of feudalism as well as in other countries too. King, queen and their relatives were killed. End of autocratic and self-willed rule of Louis. 

2. Emergence of concept of secular state i.e. encouragement to religious tolerance. Efforts were made to end religious inequality. 

3. Encouragement to the feeling of liberty, equality and fraternity. Fundamental Rights were declared by the Assembly. 

4. It paved the path of socialism le. Laisse Faire. 

5. The people of high classes lost their position. 

6. Emergence of political parties. 

7. It gave equality in justice to rich as well as poor, special rights of rich were ended.

The allied nations won in the First World War. These nations wanted to introduce disarmament policy towards defeated nations and did not adopt this policy themselves. The other nations understood it. So, there started a competition for armament in Germany and other nations, which became a danger for world peace.

After the Second World War, UNO was established on 24 Oct. 1945: 

Organs of UNO: It has six organs

1. General Assembly 

2. Security Council 

3. Economic and Social Council 

4. Trusteeship Council 

5. International Court 

6. Secretariat.

1. General Assembly: It is the main body of UNO which consists of one President and seven Vice Presidents. It has six organs. Its conference is held once in a year in the second week of September, to pass budget, entry of member states and discussion over termination of membership.

Functions: 

1. Passing of Budget. 

2. Membership to member nations, their dismissal, co-operation for human welfare are main functions.

2. Security Council: It is the executive body of UNO. It has 15 members- 5 permanent for 2 years in rotation and 10 temporaiy. USA, Britain, Russia, France and China are its permanent members. Temporary members are elected by 2/3 majority by General Assembly. This institution works continuously. Its meeting is called once in 14 days. The election of the President of this council is done according to the recommendation of the member nations.

3. Economic and Social Council: It members (54 at present) are elected for three years. Its meeting is called twice a year for maintaining peace and friendship among different nations. It forms different committees to provide for fundamental and equal rights.

4. International Court: It was establishment on 3 April, 1946 in Hague, a city of South Holland. It has 15 judges. Its judges are selected by Security Council and General Assembly. It appoints its President and other staff. Cases related with international law are presented here. The judgement of this council is final.

5. Trusteeship Council: Under this part of UNO, undeveloped and backward states are handed over to developed countries as a heritage. The objective of this council is to improve such countries socially, economically, politically.

6. Secretariat: It is an administrative organ of UNO. Its headquarter is in New York. Secretary General is the main officer of the Council who is elected by General Assembly on the recommendation of Security Council. He is elected for five years. The main work of Secretary General is to present annual report, selection of staff, performing different tasks of the organization. U. Thant, Hammerskjold, K. Waldheim, Boutros Ghali, Kofi Annan and Ban Ki Moon had got the honour of presiding over this post.

During 2010 and 2013, a revolutionary movement ran in Arab nations for democracy, fair election, human right, unemployment and for change in government. These movements were started in Arab nations for better prospects. The learned men termed them as Arab Spring.

Objectives: The main objective of Arab Spring was to bring change in the administration system, protection of rights, conduction of fair elections, etc.

Objectives of UNO: 

1. To maintain international peace and security. 

2. To solve international disputes. 

3. To provide international cooperation in social, economic, cultural and humanitarian fields. 

4. To encourage friendly relations between nations for world peace.

True 

Because secondary storage is a part of external memory. It is used to store a large amount of data at less cost per byte than primary memory.

Correct Answer is: (d) All of these

(i) programs 

(ii) instructions 

(iii) entity 

(iv) computer 

(v) procedures 

(vi) documentation 

(vii) processing

(b) backspace

To select: 

1. A word 

2. A paragraph

Press: 

1. Double click with I – beam 

2. Triple click with I – beam

A database is a collection of integrated data stored together with controlled redundancy to serve one or more applications in an optimal fashion.

(c) Disk Cleaner helps to free spaces. So that, the free spaces can be utilised to store another file or folder.

The Enter key should be pressed only at the end of a paragraph or when a blank line is to be inserted.

CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc Read Only Memory.

Blu-ray Disc (BD)is the latest optical disc secondary storage device.

Backup software is used to make a copy of all the information stored on a disk and restore it when needed. 

An ideal data backup software provides functionalities beyond simple copying of data files. This software often supports user needs to specifying what is to be backed up and when.

It can detect computer files, whose contents are broken across several locations on the hard disk and move these fragments in a particular location to increase storage efficiency. You can use disk defragmenter to rearrange files and unused space of your hard disk, so that programs run fast, e.g. MyDefrag, PerfectDisk, Diskeeper, Defraggler etc. 

You can start Disk Defragmentation process as follows: 

Click Start —> All Programs —> Accessories —> System Tools —> Disk Defragmenter.

When the text being typed reaches the end of the text block, PageMaker will automatically wrap the text to the next line.

(c) Bits per second is the unit used to measure the data through modem.

True 

Because CD is used to store audio, video, graphical and textual data.

True

Computer first takes the input via input devices, process it with the help of the CPU and gives the output through output devices.

Antivirus software is used to keep your system intact from computer viruses.

Data compression utilities, virus protection utilities and disk defragmentation utilities.

A utility software is a system software designed to help in the management and tuning of operating systems, computer hardwares and different application softwares.

A brochure or newsletter can be produced using 

1.  Word processor 

2.  DTP software 

A Word processor is a general software, which is used for the processing of textual matter and creation of organised and error less documents. However, there are several Word processors, which offer features and utilities similar to DTP software. So, even they can be used for creating professional publications. 

A DTP software is meant for creating professional publications. It combines the functions of traditional typesetter and a layout artist to produce documents such as newsletters, brochures, leaflets, magazines etc.

Internet is called network of networks.

Internet is called a network of networks because it connects several large and all heterogeneous networks together into a bigger network.

It is a system software designed to help in management and tuning of operating systems, computer hardwares and different application softwares. 

A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or a tool. Utilities are those application programs that assist the computer by performing house-keeping functions like backing up disk or scanning/cleaning viruses. 

A utility program carries out some of the common tasks, while using a computer system. Utility software is also known as service program, service tool or utility routine. It differs from applications mostly in terms of size, complexity and function. Utility programs are bundled with operating systems. However, these programs are also available in a separate package and that’s why they are sometimes considered separate from system software.

Utilities include Disk Compression, Backup, Virus Protection Utilities (Antivirus), Disk Defragmentation Utilities etc.