Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Network utilities provide a way to check the connectivity of a network and log events while using the Internet, ipconfig, ping, spray etc., are some commands to start a network utility.

1. File and Data Sharing 

At a time, file-sharing consisted mostly of saving documents to floppy disks that could be physically transferred to other computers by hand. With networking, files can be shared instantaneously across the network, whether with one user or with hundreds users, e.g. employees across departments can collaborate on documents, exchange background material etc. 

2. Distributed Computing Power 

In computer networks, we can distribute tasks across multiple computers throughout the network, by breaking complex problems into hundreds or thousands of smaller operations, which are then parceled out to individual computers. Each computer in the network performs its operations on its own portion of the larger problem and return its result. Then, all these results are gathered in such a form that impact as the solution of the complex problem and finally are used for the further task. 

3. Ease of Administration 

Instead of individually upgrading each computer in an organisation, a network administrator can initiate an upgrade from a server and automatically duplicate the upgrade throughout the network. Simultaneously, allowing everyone in the company to maintain uniform software, resources and procedures. 

4. Networking 

Networking is a process of exchanging the information and ideas among individuals or groups that share a common interest, i.e. the process of creating a network is called networking. 

The need for networking is mainly to break the barriers of distance, time and cost. Similarly, interconnecting computers, results in a form of networks of computers. 

5. Server 

A server is a main computer that manages resources connected to a network. Any user on the network can access the resources stored on the server.

Network utility analyses the computer’s network connectivity, configure network settings, check the data transfer or log events. It works for the router to check whether the network is connected or not and other technical issues.

It is a software program that provides a user interface to work with file system. It helps a user to manage all the files on its computer system. All file managers allow the user to view, edit, copy and delete the files on its computer system, e.g. Nomad.net, Master Commander, Unreal Commander etc.

Yes, the Alignment folder will carry the four sub-folders Left, Center, Right and Justify because when we move or copy a folder to a new location, then all its contents (i.e. sub-folders and files) also get moved or copied.

Rinku should make an interactive presentation and for this type of presentation nothing could be better than multimedia. He can use various multimedia components for making his presentation interactive.

Two graphic objects are Picture and AutoShapes

Compress option provides a way to change the size of an image.

To locate MS-Word on our computer system: 

Click Start —> All Programs —> Microsoft Office —> Microsoft Office Word 2007.

Portrait format changes the page orientation vertically.

Yes, he can restore his file to its original location.

 To restore his file follow these steps: 

(a)  Step 1:  Open the Recycle Bin. 

(b)  Step 2:  Click the file, he wants.    

(c ) Step 3:  In the Recycle Bin tasks list, click Restore on that item which you want. Thus, file will be restored to its original location.

Cropping and resizing the picture does not decrease the picture file size, but compression does.

(a) Column bj;eak splits text in columns at a specific pointing.

(d) You can select the even, odd and all pages in range for printing.

Formatted text has styling information beyond the minimum of semantic elements: Colors, styles (bold face, italic), sizes and special features such as hyperlinks.

Ruler is used to set tabs, indents and margins for a document.

1. Yes 

2. Label B E G A D F C

Crop option allows a user to edit pictures (only cropping).

1. Insert tab 

2. Picture command in the Illustrations group. 

3. Yes 

4. Yes 

Left, Right, Center and Justify.

(a) The Paragraph dialog box can be used to make the document effective by using both line and paragraph spacing.

An important part of creating effective documents lies in the document design. Line spacing or paragraph spacing is measured in lines or points, which is referred to as leading. 

As a part of designing the document and making formatting decisions, you will need to know how to modify the spacing, just as you can format spacing between lines in your document, you can also choose spacing options between each paragraph.

 Typically, extra spaces are added between paragraphs, headings or subheadings. Extra spacing between paragraphs adds emphasis and makes a document easier to read. When you reduce the leading, you automatically bring the lines of text closer together. Increasing the leading will space the lines out, allowing for improved readability.

The charge on an electron is equal to 1.6 x 10^-19 C of –ve charge which is a
calculated value which always stands to be true whatever the atom may be.

Hence, the correct option is A.

I – 131 and Co – 60 are respectively the isotope of iodine and cobalt used in
the treatment of cancer and goiter.

Hence, the correct option is C.

n epitaxial layer.

n⁺ substrate.

Space charge region is the region where accumulation of electrons take place.

The magnitude of impurity atom densities in drift layer is 10¹⁴/Cm³.

The layer of free electrons at the interface between the gate oxide and the P type body.

No, The drift layer does not present in low power diodes.

Insulated gate bipolar transistor.

V_dc = \(\frac{V_m}{2\pi}\)[1 + cos α]

I_dc = \(\frac{V_m}{2\pi R}\)[1 + cos α]

α = \(\big[\frac{x}{y}\big]\)180

α = 180 - (\(\frac{x}{y/2}\)) x 180

V_dc = \(\frac{V_m}{\pi}\)[1 + cosα]

I_dc = \(\frac{V_{dc}}{R}\) = \(\frac{V_m}{\pi R}\)[1 + cosα]

Assume the digit in ones place as x and the digit in tens place is y
The original number is (10y + x)
Number obtained by reversing the digits = (10x + y)
Now check for the condition
Given that sum of digits of the number is 9
That is x + y = 9   → (1)
Second condition is, number obtained by interchanging the digits is greater than the original number by 27
That is (10x + y) = (10y + x) 27
⇒ 10x + y – 10y – x = 27
⇒ 9x – 9y  = 27
∴ x – y = 3 → (2)
Add (1) and (2), we get
x + y = 9
x – y = 3
-----------
2x = 12
∴ x = 6
Put x = 6 in (1), we get
6 + y = 9
⇒ y = 9 – 6 = 3
The original number = 10y + x = 10(3) + 6 = 36

Correct option is B) 0

Let the digit in units place = x
The digit in tens place = 3x
The number is 10(3x) + x = 31x

Digits are interchanged
Digit in units place = 3x
Digit in tens place = x

The new number= 10(x) + 3x = 13x

Sum of these two numbers = 88

31x + 13x = 88

44x = 88

x = 2

3x = 6

The original number is 62

Let the digits at tens place and ones place be x and 9 − x respectively.

Therefore, original number = 10x + (9 − x) = 9x + 9

On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be x and 9 − x respectively.

Therefore, new number after interchanging the digits = 10(9 - x) + x

= 90 - 10x + x

= 90 - 9x

90 - 9x = 9x + 9 + 27

90 - 9 = 9x + 36

Transposing 9x to R.H.S and 36 to L.H.S, we obtain

90 - 36 = 18x

54 = 18x

Dividing both sides by 18, we obtain

3 = x and 9 - x = 6

Hence, the digits at tens place and ones place of the number are 3 and 6 respectively.

Therefore, the two-digit number is 9x + 9 = 9 × 3 + 9 = 36

Let x be the third pH value. 

Now, it is given that the average pH reading of three daily measurements is between 8.2 and 8.5 

Also, the first two pH readings are 8.48 and 8.35 

Therefore,

8.2 <\(\big(\frac{8.48 + 8.35 + x}{3}\big)\) < 8.5

Multiplying throughout by 3 in the above equation

3(8.2)< \(\big(\frac{8.48 + 8.35 + x}{3}\big)(3)\) < 3(8.5)

24.6 < 8.48 + 8.35 + x < 25.5 

24.6 < 16.83 + x < 25.5 

Subtracting throughout by 16.83 in above equation 

24.6 – 16.83 < 16.83 + x – 16.83 < 25.5 – 16.83 

7.77 < x < 8.67 

Therefore, 

The value of third pH reading ranges from 7.77 to 8.67

Let x litres of water be added. 

Then total mixture = x + 600 

Amount of acid contained in the resulting mixture is 45% of 600 litres. 

It is given that the resulting mixture contains more than 25% and less than 30% acid content. 

Therefore, 

45% of 600 > 25% of (x + 600) 

And 

30% of (x+600) > 45% of 600 

When, 

45% of 600 > 25% of (x+600) 

Multiplying both the sides by 100 in above equation

\(\frac{45}{100} \times 600 \) > \(\frac{25}{100} \times\) (x + 600)

45 × 600 > 25(x + 600) 

27000 > 25x + 15500 

Subtracting 15500 from both the sides in above equation 

27000 – 15500 > 25x + 15500 – 15500 

11500 > 25x

Dividing both the sides by 25 in above equation

\(\frac{11500}{25} > \frac{25{\text{x}}}{25}\)

460 > x Now when, 

45% of 600 < 30% of (x+600) 

Multiplying both the sides by 100 in the above equation

\(\frac{45}{100} \times 600 < \frac{30}{100} \times ({\text{x}} + 600)\)

45 × 600 < 30(x + 600) 

27000 < 30x + 18000 

Subtracting 18000 from both the sides in above equation 

27000 – 18000 < 30x + 18000 – 18000 

9000 < 30x 

Dividing both the sides by 30 in above equation

\(\frac{900}{30} > \frac{30{\text{x}}}{30}\)

Thus, the amount of water required to be added ranges from 300 litres to 460 litres.

(a) Women:
The spread of print culture in nineteenth-century India brought about educational reforms for women. Liberal husbands and fathers educated their womenfolk at home or sent them to schools for women. Women who had been restricted to a domestic life for generations, now found a new medium of entertainment. They also began to write articles for journals, in favour of women's education and literacy. Some even wrote books; Rashsundari Devi’s autobiography “Amar Jiban” was the first full-length autobiography, published in 1876. Conservatives believed that education and reading would make women widows, or corrupt them. Many women learnt to read and write in secret in such traditionalist environments.

'Rat Hunt' Activity :
Rat Hunt activity started in 1902 by the French. The French hired Vietnamese workers and paid them for each rat. 20,000 rats were caught but still, there was no end. This taught them a lesson in the success of collective bargaining, The sewer cleaners discovered innovative ways to profit making. The bounty was paid when a tail was given as a proof that a rat had been killed. Rat catchers took to just clipping the tails and releasing the rats so that the process could be repeated over and over. Even some people began raising rats to earn money.

(b) The poor:
They benefitted from the spread of print culture in India on account of the availability of low-price books and public libraries. Enlightening essays were written against caste discrimination and its inherent injustices. These were read by people across the country. On the encouragement and support of social reformers, over-worked factory workers set up libraries for self-education, and some of them even published their own works, for example, Kashibaba and his “Chhote Aur Bade Sawal”.

Paul Bernard's arguments in favor of economic development of Vietnam :
(i) He argued that the purpose of acquiring colonies was to make profits.
(ii) The economy was developed and the standard of the living of the people improved, they would buy more goods.
(iii) The market would consequently expand, leading to better profits for French business.

(iv) To reduce rural poverty and increase agricultural productivity it was necessary to carry out land reforms.
(v) To ensure sufficient employment, industrialization would create more jobs.

(a) Thailand

Paul Bernard was a great writer and policy-maker. He strongly believed that the economy of the colonies needed to be developed. He argued that the purpose of gaining control over colonies was to make profits. If the economy was developed and the standard of living of the people improved, they would be able to buy more goods. As a result, the market would expand which would lead to better profits for French business.

The three barriers which were a hurdle in improving the economy of Vietnam: 

(i) High population levels 

(ii) Low agricultural productivity 

(iii) Extensive indebtedness amongst the peasants.

Some people were feared by the effect of easily available printed books because rebellious and irreligious thoughts might spread and the authority of 'valuable literature' would be destroyed.

(i) Europe : In 15L7, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic church and challenged the Church to debate his ideas.

(ii) India : An intense controversy between social and religious reformer and the Hindu orthodox was developed over matters such as widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical piothood and idolatry.

Indo-China comprises the modern countries of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. For a long time, its history remained under the shadow of the Chinese Empire and culture. But the French colonization of Vietnam changed its course altogether.