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In asexual reproduction there is involvement of only one parent, hence the offspring receives DNA from a single parent only. Now, this DNA divides or duplicates during the process of replication and cell division. During this division mostly what happens is there is the creation of clones because the similar DNA is being passed on to both daughter cells. However, DNA transferred is not identical because during replication there could be certain environmental factor or any other factors that caused certain changes in the DNA sequences of both.

If there is an error in DNA copying then newly formed DNA copies may not be identical at time.

AIDS 

STD is “sexually transmitted disease”. Out of all only AIDS is transmitted via. Sexual contact between an HIV positive and normal person.

No, it cannot be identical to the original cell.

It has a variation.

It becomes the basis for organic evolution.

(a) Hernia: It is an abnormal condition which is caused when the intestine due to the pressure in abdomen bulges into the scrotum through the inguinal canal.

(b) Ovulation:It is the release of the mature ovum by the rupture of the Graafian follicle

(c) Puberty:It is the period during which immature reproductive system in boys and girls matures and becomes capable of reproduction.

Correct option is B) Fins

Rhizopus is reproduced by Spore formation.

(i) STD – Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 

(ii) AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

(iii) HIV – Human Immunodeficiency virus.

DNA copies generated will be similar, but may not be identical to the original as some variations are so drastic that new DNA copy cannot work with the cellular apparatus it inherits. Such a newborn cell will simply die. Therefore, there could be many other variations in the DNA copies that would not lead to such a drastic outcome. Thus, the surviving cells are similar but slightly different from each other. This tendency of variation during reproduction is the basis for evolution.

Bread mould (Rhizopus fungus).

An organism will be benefitted if it reproduces through spores in the following ways :

(i) Spores are formed in large number

(ii) Spores have an outer thick wall that protects them in adverse conditions until they come in contact with another moist surface and begin to glow.

Asexual reproduction is the process of producing new organism from a single parent without the involvement of sex cells. Fission and fragmentation are two different forms of asexual reproduction.

Testis: Testes are oval shaped primary reproductive organs in men. The function of testes is to produce sperms and male sex hormone testosterone. The scrotum provides optimal temperature for the formation of sperms. 

Seminal vesicle: Seminal vesicles are a pair of thin walled muscular elongated sac which secrete fluid for nourishment of sperms. vas deferens: The sperms are carried by a long tube called vas deferens to organs called seminal vesicles where the sperms get nourishment and stored. 

Ureter It is the tube that carries urine from kidney to the urinary bladder. In humans, there are two ureters, one attached to each kidney.Prostate glands: Prostate glands produce a fluid which is released in the urethra along with secretion of seminal vesicles for nourishment and transportation of sperms.

Out of the given four, the only dogfish is the real fish, all others belong to different phyla. 

Jellyfish - common name of Aurelia (Coelenterata) 

Starfish - common name of Asteria (Echinodermata) 

Silverfish- a small insect in the order Zygentoma (Arthropoda)

Bacterial infection: gonorrhoea 

Viral infection: warts and HIV-AIDS 

Prevention: Use of condoms by male.

Rhizopus reproduces by spore formation. Conditions favourable for spore formation are: 

(i) Cool place, 

(ii) Moist place and 

(iii) Dark place.

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Yes, AIDS is an infectious disease. 

Four modes of spreading AIDS are as follows: 

(i) By having sexual contact with an infected person. 

(ii) By the transfusion of blood from an infected person. 

(iii) Through infected needles used for injection. 

(iv) Through the placenta from the mother to child during pregnancy.

The lining of the uterus becomes spongy and thick to nourish the embryo but when the egg is not fertilized, the lining breaks down and comes out through vagina in the form of blood and mucus.

AIDS is the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is caused by a virus called Human Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS is transmitted by sexual contact with an infected person. AIDS can be prevented by avoiding sexual contact with infected person or by using condom during sex. 

Sexually transmitted disease caused due to 

(i) Bacterial infection is gonorrhoea, and (ii) Viral infection is AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). These diseases can be prevented by responsible sexual behaviour such as use of condom during intercourse, etc. 

True

The egg is not fertilized, it lives for about one day

If the egg is not fertilized it lives for about one day. Since the ovary releases one egg every month the uterus also prepares itself every month to receive a fertilized egg. Thus its lining becomes thick and spongy. This would be required for nourishing the embryo if fertilization has taken place. Now, however the lining is not needed any longer. So the lining slowly breaks ans comes out through the vagina as blood and mucous. This cycle take place roughly every month and is known as menstruation. It usually lasts for about 2-8 days.

Prostate glands and seminal vesicles add fluid in the vas deferens. This makes transportation of sperms easier and also provides nutrition to the sperms.

The significance of asexual reproduction :

(i) Requirement of one parent to produce offspring so no need to migrate to other places to reproduce.

(ii) Numerous offspring can be produced in a short span of time.

(iii) Minimize the use of energy and time.

Unicellular life forms dependably replicate by asexual reproduction; like binary fission, fragmentation, regeneration, sporulation etc. Multicellular forms, then again, utilize both asexual and sexual strategies for reproduction. While unicellular living beings normally take after the asexual strategies for propagation; the vast majority of the multicellular life forms take after sexual methods for generation.

Each specie needs to continually struggle for its survival. Characteristic predators and fancies of nature continue expelling a huge segment of the number of inhabitants in a specific animal types. In addition, the normal cycle of life and passing additionally expels a segment of the populace. Reproduction is an approach to recharge the lost segment of populace. In this manner, one might say that reproduction is connected to the soundness of populace of an animal varieties.

• Reproduction is creation of new individual. 
• In unicellular organism cell division leads to formation of new individuals.
• Hence cell division is a type of reproduction in unicellular organisms

(i) When organisms, reproduce asexually only mitotic divisions are involved and the chromosome number remains the same.

(ii) During asexual reproduction, the DNA (in the chromosomes) or the cells involved are copied and then equally divided among the two daughter cells, Thus, chromosome number remains unchanged.

(iii) ln sexual reproduction, organisms produce gametes through a special type of division in which the reductional division, in which the original number of chromosomes becomes half. These two games combine to form the zygote and the original number of chromosomes is restored,

(iv) In sexual, reproduction specialised cells/germ cells with only half the number of chromosomes are formed. When these germ cells from two individuals combine to form a new individual, the original chromosome number is restored.

(v) Example: In humans, the parent's father and mother each have 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes. In the gametes-the sperm has half the number of chromosomes i.e., 23 and the egg also has 23 chromosomes. When the sperm and the egg fuse, the zygote has 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes. Thus, the chromosome number remains constant

Fragmentation, Asexual

AIDS is the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 

It is caused by a virus called Human Immunodeficiency Virus. 

AIDS is transmitted by sexual contact with an infected person. 

AIDS can be prevented by avoiding sexual contact with infected person or by using condom during sex.

Sperms contain two types of chromosomes i.e., X chromosomes and Y-chromosomes.

Egg contains one type of chromosomes only i.e., X-chromosome

Changes in fertilized egg:

(i) Zygote/ fertilized starts dividing.

(ii) Implantation of zygote in the inner uterine wall.

(iii) Embryo starts growing with the help of the placenta which results in the development of the child.

(iv) Birth of a child as a result of rhythmic contraction of the muscles in the uterus.

(v) When egg is not fertilized, the inner lining of the uterus slowly breaks and comes out through the vagina as blood and mucous (Menstruation)

1. India is a Union of States. The Centre and the Constituent States have a separate Legislature and Executive.

2. But there is one judicial system for the whole of India. 

3. The Supreme Court is the apex court under which there are High Courts. 

4. The High Courts control the district courts and below them are the lower courts. Hence, this structure makes Judiciary in India an integrated system.

Spirogyra is an example for Fragmentation.

Sexual reproduction-Dog, whale, human.

Asexual reproduction -Amoeha, Hydra, Spirogyra.

Testes-epididymis-vas deferens-eiaculatory duct-urinogenital duct-penis.

Testes are placed outside the body cavity in the scrotal sac because it requires a temperature 2^oC lower than the normal body temperature for production of sperms.

The correct option is D) Hibiscus.

Populations of organisms fill well defined places or niches in the ecosystem. The consistency of DNA copying during reproduction is important for the maintenance of body design features that allow the organism to use that particular niche. Reproduction is therefore linked to the stability of population of species.

The testes are located within the:

2. Scrotum

1. Judiciary in India is an integrated system where Supreme Court is at the apex position. 

2. The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the head of the Supreme Court of India. 

3. By convention, the seniormost judge of the Supreme Court is appointed as the Chief Justice. 

4. The President appoints the Chief Justice of India and other judges of the Supreme Court. 

5. The Supreme Court of India is located at New Delhi.

Correct option is (b) President

The eligibility criteria laid down by the Constitution for appointment of Supreme Court judges are as follows:

1. He/She must be a citizen of India. 

2. He/She must be a legal expert. 

3. He/She must have served as a High Court judge or as an experienced advocate in the High Court.

The functions of the Supreme Court are as follows: 

1. As a federal court, it has the responsibility to settle disputes between the centre and the states; and states on one side and states on the other. 

2. It gives orders to relevant authorities to protect the fundamental rights of the people. 

3. It has the power to review decrees and orders of the lower courts and also review its own decisions. 

4. It provides necessary advice to the President if he/she asks for advice to understand the legal aspects in matters of public importance.

(a) Qualification of a Judge of the Supreme Court:

1. He must be a citizen of India.
2. He must have worked as a judge of High Court for a period of not less than five years or must have worked as an advocate in some high courts for a period of not less than ten years. Or he must be an eminent jurist in the view of the President.

(b) Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court:

Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. It is the obligation of the Supreme Court to advise on constitutional as well as other legal matters to any legislature, the Council of Ministers or the President. But it is not binding upon the President or the government to accept the advice given by the Supreme Court.

(c) Supreme Court Act as a Court of Record:

Supreme Court Act as a Court of Record. The Supreme Court is a Court of Record. It means that its decisions and Judicial proceedings are recorded and printed. The Courts subordinate to it and the lawyers use them in their pleadings. The decisions given by the Supreme Court are recorded and then used by the Lower Courts to give further Judgements.

Placenta functions as a carrier of nutrients from mother to baby. Thus all of amino acids, glucose, and oxygen will decrease in the concentration at 2 since all of them are transferred to the baby at 1 because it has a low concentration of all. However, due to metabolic processes and lack of excretory mechanism baby’s blood has a high concentration of carbon dioxide, which will be transferred to mother’s blood because her blood has low CO₂ concentration. Thus at 2 blood is coming at high CO₂ concentration.

Two functions are:

(i) Testis: It produces sperms and secretes male sex hormones called testosterone. 

(ii) Ovary: It produces ovum and secretes female sex hormones called estrogen and progesterone.

Functions of testis:
(i) Produce sperms.

(ii) Produces male hormone/testosterone.
These are located outside the human body, as sperms need lower temperature than the normal body temperature to mature.
Testosterone is responsible for bringing changes at the time of puberty in boys.

This is because mitosis begins just after fertilization i.e. after formation of zygote. So mitosis is occurring at X and Z location but at Y the only ova are being prepared thus no mitosis while meiosis (reduction division) is there.