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Abbreviations are the shortened forms of long words usually used as a space-saving technique. They are becoming increasingly common in modern usage.

Examples:

P.C. - Personal Computer

U.K. - United Kingdom

Exclamatory sentence

held – transitive verb

Adjectives – intelligent, tall, strong, beautiful

She had crossed the clump of trees.

Subject – Yonamine’s father 

Predicate – was a very happy man.

He did not hate his daughter.

Spick and span

Dear Mom and Dad,

Sudhir uncle has invited us for a surprise birthday party given for Anita aunty, tomorrow, 8th November at Grand Central Hotel at 7.00 pm.

                                                                                                                                           Mona. 

• invitation – invite
• vision – envision

1. inauguration 

2. conversation 

3. participation

Who made phone calls to some special invitees?

• My friend Raj cannot say no to others as he does not like to hurt others. 
• My friend Radha cannot hurt animals as she is concerned about their welfare. 
• My friend Sai cannot be rude to others because he is extremely loving and polite.

Mogra Villa,

B -116,

Linking Road,

Mumbai – 54.

3rd July, 2017.

To,

Mr. Singh,

Shop No. – 25 Vile Parle (E),

Mumbai – 57.

Mr Singh,

I would like to convey my thanks to you and your team of salesmen. They have done a wonderful job.

My mother who is quite elderly and has difficulty in hearing, had visited your store. She was overwhelmed by the helpful treatment. She praised your team and you too, who have made them so. If everyone could be as pleasant and helpful, our world would be a better and much happier place.

I thank you from the bottom of my heart and please convey my appreciation and thanks to your team as well.

With warm regards.

Thanking you,

Yours sincerely,

XYZ

He was a patron of art and culture.

You are believed (by me).

food, water – Material noun.

The question, “What should be the punishment for someone who pulls my moustache?” stunned Akbar’s court as it was unheard of.

Correct option is (c) he learned nursing through the hard way of experience

The Himalayas are considered as one of the young fold mountains in the world.

Correct answer is (c) G2C

1. hollow

2. antics 

3. bequeath 

4. impregnable 

5. monarchise

(d) Childhood friend

(i)(d)

(ii)(e)

(iii)(a)

(iv)(c)

(v)(b)

(i) (c)

(ii) (e)

(iii) (d)

(iv) (b)

(v) (a)

When the grasshopper is tired out with fun, he rests beneath some pleasant weed.

To begin with, the earth was very hot. When it cooled, all the water vapour in the air condensed into water. It came down as rain. It rained heavily. All the hollows of the earth were filled. Thus oceans and seas were formed.

The two men were sitting silent in the dark night of Sraban because their matches and lamp had been useless. The heavy clouds were hanging in a starless sky. They were afraid of the scene.

श्रावण (सावन) की अंधेरी रात में दो व्यक्ति शान्त बैठे हुए थे क्योंकि उनकी माचिस की तीलियाँ और दीपक बेकार हो गये थे। बिना तारों के आसमान में गहरे बादल छाए हुए थे। वे दृश्य से डर गये थे।

1. True

2. False

3. False

4. False

5. True

Long, long ago, the earth and the other planets were part of the sun. Somehow, little bits of the sun shot away from it. One of these bits was our earth. To begin with, it was as hot as the sun. But very slowly, it started to cool. And then life began to appear on it.

(i) swept through the army. 

(ii) Mulan, the General of the army, 

(iii) he knew the truth 

(iv) “The General is a woman? 

(v) With Mulan, we win every battle! Stay away

Bidhu and Banamali began to tremble when the dead body turned on its side. They fancied that the bed shook slightly.

जब लाश ने अपनी करवट बदली, बिधू और बनमाली काँपने लगे। उन्होंने सोचा कि बिस्तर थोड़ा-सा हिला था।

The four men tell that, owing to their delay, the body has been burnt without them. There had been some wood in the hut after all.

वे चारों आदमी बताते हैं कि उनके विलम्ब के कारण, शव को उनके बिना ही जला दिया गया है। झोंपड़ी में कुछ लकड़ियाँ मिल गई थीं।

When Kadambini entered the house, none of the doorkeepers objected her because she had drawn a thick veil over her face. They took her for a servant.

जब कादम्बिनी ने घर में प्रवेश किया, किसी भी द्वारपाल ने उसका विरोध नहीं किया क्योंकि उसके चेहरे पर मोटा-सा पर्दा था। उन्होंने उसे एक नौकर समझा।

When the four men could not find the dead body they decided to say that it had been burnt.

जब चारों आदमी लाश को ढूंढ़ नहीं पाये, उन्होंने यह कहने का निश्चय किया कि उसे जला दिया गया था।

When the four men returned to the hut, they found the dead body missing. There was only an empty bed. They saw newly made footprints on the mud at the door.

जब चारों आदमी झोंपड़ी में लौटे, उन्होंने लाश को गायब पाया, वहाँ केवल खाली बिस्तर था। उन्होंने दरवाजे के पास इकट्ठी हुई कीचड़ में किसी महिला के ताजे पदचिन्ह देखे।

In the lighted room, Kadambini saw the child sleeping, his fists clenched and his body wasted with fever.

प्रकाश वाले कमरे में कादम्बिनी ने बच्चे को सोते हुए देखा, उसकी मुट्ठियाँ भिंची हुई थीं तथा उसके शरीर को बुखार से दुर्बल अवस्था में देखा।

Kadambini was looking like a mad woman because her clothes were clotted in the mud. Her apparition was such that folk might have been afraid of her.

कादम्बिनी एक पागल औरत जैसी दिख रही थी क्योंकि उसके कपड़ों में कीचड़ के थक्के बन गये थे। उसकी प्रेतछाया ऐसी थी कि लोग उससे डर सकते थे।

After snapping all the bonds, Kadambini feels that she has marvelous strength and endless freedom. She can do what she likes, go where she pleases.

सभी बन्धनों को तोड़ डालने के बाद, कादम्बिनी महसूस करती है कि उसके पास शानदार ताकत और बेहद आजादी है। वह वो कर सकती है जो वह चाहती है, वहाँ जा सकती है जहाँ जाना पसन्द करती

Rabindranath Tagore says that love cannot prove its claim by any document which society accepts, and does not wish to prove it. It merely worships with double passion its life’s uncertain treasure.

रबीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर कहते हैं कि प्रेम अपना दावा किसी भी दस्तावेज से सिद्ध नहीं कर सकता है जिसे समाज स्वीकार करता है और इसे सिद्ध करने की इच्छा नहीं होती है। इसकी केवल दोगुने भावावेश से इसके अस्तित्व के अविश्वसनीय खजाने से पूजा की जाती है।

Kadambini loves her brother-in-law’s son so much because she has fostered him.

कादम्बिनी अपने देवर के पुत्र को बहुत ज्यादा पसंद इसलिए करती है क्योंकि उसने उसका पालनपोषण किया है।

“Living or Dead’ is a sensitive story about love and betrayal. It traces the journey of a widow Kadambini from a long, caring aunt to a dreaded ghost. It powerfully exposes the oppressiveness of a system that considers a woman as burden the moment – her husband dies. The pathos of Kadambini vacillating between the two worlds of living and dead is intensely brought out. A satire on society, the story hints at our callousness also in ignoring a living woman and showing reverence to the dead ones. It begins with love and ends at betrayal.

‘जीवित या मृत’ प्रेम तथा धोखा के बारे में एक संवेदनशील कहानी है। यह एक लम्बे समय से विधवा, कादम्बिनी की देखभाल करने वाली चाची से एक भयानक भूत की यात्रा की रूपरेखा प्रस्तुत करती है। यह एक ऐसी व्यवस्था जो एक औरत को अपने पति के देहान्त के क्षण से बोझ जैसा मानती है, के विषाद को प्रभावशाली ढंग से दर्शाती है। यह दो संसार ‘जीवन तथा मरण’ के बीच की दुविधा में पड़ी हुई कादम्बिनी की कारुणिकता को स्पष्ट करती है। समाज पर एक व्यंग्य यह कहानी जीवित औरत को नकारने की हमारी बेरुखी तथा मृत के प्रति सम्मान दर्शाने की झलक को दर्शाती है। यह प्रेम से शुरू होती है तथा धोखे पर समाप्त हो जाती है।

Answer is C. winter.

Answer is A. summer.

On the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary:

It is a symbolic poem In which the grasshopper is a symbol of hot summer and the cricket is of very cold winter. Every poet has been attracted to wards the beauty of nature. John Keats is no exception to this and finds nature beautiful in all seasons not excluding the hot summer and cold winter. He says that the earth is always singing. When the birds stop Singing in the hot summer finding cool place, we find the grasshopper singing and flying from hedge. He sings tirelessly and when tired, rests beneath some weed.

When the birds are silent in very cold the earth never stops and expresses its pleasure through different beings like the cricket. It sings the beautiful songs from the stones. It seems to be increasing in warmth every, moment and half-asleep human being feels it to be a grasshopper’s song coming from grassy hills.

A grasshopper sings on a hot summer day. When the birds hide in cool shades, the grasshopper runs from hedge to hedge creating a sound which is called the nature’s poetry by the poet.

Correct answer is The sun

The moon looks bigger than the stars because it is quite near to the earth.

B. John Keats.

1. According to the poet, singing of birds in, all the seasons throughout the year is the poetry of the earth, which is never dead.

2. Owing to the scorching heat, birds hide in cooling trees.

3. Even though there is scorching heat and all other birds are taking shelter in cooling trees, the grasshopper does not finish his singing. He keeps on singing joyfully.