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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 651. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: Darbar-i-Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majestry (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance, attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places, Learned men of renown and skilful mechanics pay their respects, and skilful mechanics pay their respects, and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majestry, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skilful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and femalem are in waiting, Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. (i) Who was Abu'l Fazl? Name his famous book. |
| Answer» Solution :(i) Abu.l Fazal was a famous HISTORIAN of Akbar.s COURT. He WROTE Ain-i Akbari. | |
| 652. |
Write any two features of Gopuram ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) They were very TALL. (II) They were also decorated with figures. |
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| 653. |
How did Mughal Empire come to an end? |
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Answer» Solution : (i) Mughal EMPIRE COME to an end with the death of the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb. Soon after his death the empire BEGAN to disintegrate. (ii) Finally, it CAME to an end in 1857, when British established their control over Delhi. |
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| 654. |
Highlight any two features of the roads in Vijayanagara empire. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Most of the roads were pucca and made of CONCRETE. (ii) Roads were usually built in the valleys. |
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| 655. |
List any two features expressed by Ibn Battuta about Delhi. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) At that time DELHI was the LARGEST INDIAN city. (ii) There were 28 gateways to enter Delhi. The chief AMONG them is Baduyun GATE. (ii) A great wall was also constructed around the city. |
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| 656. |
Who of the following is a contemporay of Gautama Buddha? |
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Answer» Aah vaghosa |
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| 657. |
Considerthe following staements relating to jain literature: The sacred books of the jainas are known as siddanta or Agama. The language of the earliest jain texts is eastern dialect of pali known as Ardha Magadhi. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? |
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Answer» 1only |
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| 658. |
What historical forces shaped the vision of the Constitution ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Following are some historical forces which shaped the vision of the Constitution. Certain basic values were accepted by all NATIONAL leaders as a result of the Nehru Report and the Fundamental Rights Resolution passed the KARACHI session of the Indian National Congress. (ii) Universal Adult FRANCHISE, Right to Freedom and Equality and Protection of minority rights were these basic values. (iii) After the results of 1937 elections, the Congress and other political PARTIES were able to form the governments in the provinces. (iv) This experience with legislative and political institutions helped in developing an agreement over institutional design. (v) Many colonial laws were also the sources of the Indian Constitution. Government of India Act, 1935 was a major one. (VI) This way, the Indian Constitution adopted many institutional details and procedures from the colonial laws. (vii) The French Revolution also inspired the makers of the Constitution. The working of the Parliamentary democracy in Britain and the Bill of Rights in the USA also inspired the framers of the Constitution. |
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| 659. |
What was patriliny? Give one example. |
| Answer» Solution :Patriliny means the tradition of SUCCESSION in which descent is traced from father to SON and then from son to GRANDSON. Example: Most of ROYAL families in ancient period followed the system of patriliny. | |
| 660. |
How were urban centres transformed during the eighteenth century? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) After the death of Aurangzeb paved the way of emergence of powerful regional powers. The CAPITAL cities of these regional KINGDOM likes Lucknow, Poona, Nagpur and Baroda now become important. Taking the advantage of this OPPORTUNITY many nobles and officials created new urban settlements such as the qasbah and ganj. (ii) The European companies too had set up their bases in different parts of India during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. As the Portuguese (in Panaji in 1570) and the British in MADRAS in 1639. With the expansion in commercial ACTIVITY, towns began to emerge as trading centres. (iii) From the mid-eighteenth century trading centres like Surat and Dhaka which had grown in the seventeenth century now began to decline as trade shifted to other places. When the British acquired Bengal and the East India Company.s trade hereafter expanded the colonial port cities likes Madras and Calcutta. These new port cities began to emerge as the new economic capitals. (iv) In these newly developed cities many new buildings were built and new occupations developed. People flocked to these cities in large numbers. By the nineteenth century these newly developed cities became the biggest cities in India. |
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| 661. |
Name two members who feared for the cause of Hindi if pushed too aggressively. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) T.A. Ramalingam CHETTIAR from MADRAS. (ii) SHRI SHANKAR Deo from Bombay. |
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| 662. |
What was the composition of the ruling class in India during the Mughal period? |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Theoretically the DOORS of the Mughal nobility were open to every ONE. (b) To begin with, the bulk of the Mughal nobles were drawn from the homeland of the Mughals, Turan and from its neighbouring areas, Tajikistan, Phorasan, Iran, etc. (c) During the days ofAkbar, Rajputs were also included at a large NUMBER in the ruling CLASS. (d) The nobility along with the landed gentry, the ZAMINDARS, etc. formed what may be called the ruling class in medieval India. |
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| 663. |
What connection did some of the members of the Constituent Assembly make between the political situation of the time and the need for a strong Centre? |
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Answer» Solution : (i) On 15 of August 1947, India became independent from the British rule. It was declared an independent COUNTRY. But this independence was painful also. (ii) India was divided and Pakistan came into existence. This partition was marred with communal violence. (iii) Many leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Ambedkar favoured a strong Central Government for India. Supporting their view, they referred to riots and violence that were ripping the nation apart. (iv) ASTRONG Centre was the need of the hour. Most of the members of the constituent assembly also supported this view. Any deviation from this might jeopardize the interests of the nation. Peace, prosperity and political STABILITY was not possible in case of a WEAK Centre. (v) It would fail to coordinate vital matters of common concern. Gopalaswami Ayyangar appealed to all the members of the Constituent Assembly that "the Centre should be made as strong as possible." (vi) It was also felt that only a strong and UNITED Centre could plan for the well-being of the country. Balakrishna Sharma also stated a similar view. (vii) It was also felt that it would mobilize all the resources, ensure strong defence against any aggressor and establish a proper administration. (viii) Almost all the members of the Constituent Assembly supported a strong central government. They felt that it was necessary to check chaos, communal violence and to usher in economic development of the country. |
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| 664. |
Why was mapping adopted by the colonial government? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) From the early years, the colonial GOVERNMENT was keen on MAPPING. It felt that good maps were necessary to understand the landscape and know the TOPOGRAPHY. (II) Its knowledge would allow better control over the region. When towns began to grow, maps were prepared not only to plan the development of these towns but also to develop commerce and consolidate power. (iii) The town maps give information regarding the location of hills, rivers and vegetation, all important for planning structures for defense purposes. (iv) They also show the location of ghats, density and quality of houses and alignment of roads, used to GAUGE commercial possibilities and plan strategies of taxation. | |
| 665. |
Name the plants found in India which amazed Ibn-Battuta. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Coconut: He MENTIONED that the nuts of coconut resembles a man.s head. (ii) Paan: He explained that the BETEL has no fruit and was GROWN only for the sake of its LEAVES. |
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| 666. |
Describe the contribution of John Marshall in the Indian archaeology. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) John Marshall was the Director General of ASI. (ii) He was interested in new FINDINGS and LOOKED for patterns of every day life. (iii) He tended to excavate along regular HORIZONTAL UNITS measured uniformaly throughout the MOUND, ignoring the stratigraphy of the site. |
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| 667. |
Describe the different sources from which we can reconstruct the political career of Gandhiji and the history of the nationalist movement. |
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Answer» SOLUTION : (i) We have many resources to reconstruct the political career of Mahatma Gandhi and the history of National Movement of India. These are personal WRITINGS, autobiographies, official records, etc. The writings of Mahatma Gandhi and his contemporaries play an important role in understanding the view of Mahatma Gandhi. In this magazine The Harijan, Gandhiji published those letters that others wrote to him. The autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi The Experiment with Truth, freedom movement. Autobiographies are based on memories and WHATEVER the author writes largely depends on his memory. From the fortnightly report of police we also get invaluable information about the national movement and Gandhiji. These reports were written on the basis of the information received from the local people. According the time of the SALT Satyagrah it is clear that Home Department was not willing to accept that Mahatma Gandhi was receiving large suppott of people. In the report, the Salt March was being painted as a drama of hopeless people. (ii) Another vital source is newspapers published in English language and in other Indian languages which also provide valuable information about Gandhiji and the national movement. Newspapers MONITORED the movement of Gandhiji, News related to Gandhiji were published in these newspapers.They also helped in understanding the view of the people regarding Gandhiji. It would be justified to say that these information received from the differentSources are read unbiased, they may be important source of information about Mahatma Gandhi and National Movement of India. |
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| 668. |
Explain, why we called Mahabharata a dynamic text. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Mahabharata is a dynamic epic and it contains VIVID description of battles, forests, PALACES and SETTLEMENT. It was originally written in Sanskrit. Today it is available in world.s leading languages. (ii) It depicts an on-going dialogue between the people and COMMUNITIES between hand and on another hand with the authors. Many stories originated in the different region have been incorporated in it. (iii) It has become a big epical text. The main story of the novel has been narrated in different ways. Its many episodes depicted the painting and sculptures prevailing in the society at that time. (iv) These PAINTINGS and sculptures provide a wide varieties of themes and performing act like dancing |
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| 669. |
Explain how the chronicle 'Ain-i-Akbari' is the major source to understand agararian history of sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Also, explain the method of irrigation and technology used during that period. |
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Answer» Solution :Ain-i-Akbari' can be supplemented by.descriptions contained in sources emanating from regions away from the Mughal capital. These include detailed revenue records from Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan dating from seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Ain-i-Akbari is a mine of information regarding agricultural aspects of Mughal rule. It recorded meticulously the arangements made by the STATE to ensure cultivation. The aim of Ain was to PRESENT a vision of Akbar's empire where social harmery prevailed record instanccs of CONFLICTS between peasants, zamindars and the state. In the process, they give us an insight into the peasants' perception and their expectattons of fairness from the State. Irrigation and Technology: The abundance of land, available labour and the mobility of peasants were three factors that accounted for the constant expansion of agriculture. Since the primary purpose of agriculture is to feed people, basic staples such as rice, WHEAT or millets were the most frequently cultivated crops. Though Indian Agriculture was dependent on Monsoons, crops which required additional water. Artificial systems of irtigation then began to be used. Though agriculture was labour INTENSIVE, peasants did use technologies that often harnessed cattle energy. The wooden plough, was light and could be easily assembled with an iron tip or coulter. It therefore did not make deep furrows, which preserved the moisture better during the intensely hot months. A drill, pulled by a pair of giant oxen, was used to plant seeds, but broadcasting of seeds was the most prevalent method. Hocing and weeding were done simultancously using a narrow iron blade with a small wooden handle. |
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| 670. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question that follow Rules for Monks and Nuns These are some of the rules laid down in the Vinaya Pitaka When a new fel: (blankct/rug) has been made by biikkhuitistobakepe for fat-least)-six years If-after less than six years he should have another new felt (blanket/rug) made, regardless of whether or not he has disposed of the first, then-unless he has been authorised by the bhikkhus- it is to be forfeited and confessed. In ase a bhikkhu arriving at a family residence presented with cakes or cooked grain-meal, he may ncc pt two or three bowlfuls if he so desires. If he should accept more than that, it is to be confessed. Having accepted the two or three bowlfuls and having taken them from there, he is to share them among the bhikkhus. This is the proper course here. Should any bhikkhu, having set out bedding in a loding belonging to the sangha -or having had it set out- and then on departing neither put it away nor have it put away, or should he go without taking leave, it is to be confessed. State any three rules mentioned in the passage, for the bhikkhus. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) A new felt (blanket/rug) made by a BHIKKHU is to be kept for (at least) six years. (ii) In case a bhikkhu arrives at a FAMILY RESIDENCE, he thould accept 2 or 3 bowlfuls. (III) Should any bhikkhu, having set out bedding in a lo dging belonging to the Sangha or having had it set out and then on departing neither PUT it away nor have put it away, or should he go without taking leave, it is to be confessed. |
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| 671. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question that follow Rules for Monks and Nuns These are some of the rules laid down in the Vinaya Pitaka When a new fel: (blankct/rug) has been made bybiikkhuitistobakepe for fat-least)-six years If-after less than six years he should have another new felt (blanket/rug) made, regardless of whether or not he has disposed of the first, then-unless he has been authorised by the bhikkhus- it is to be forfeited and confessed. In ase a bhikkhu arriving at a family residence presented with cakes or cooked grain-meal, he may ncc pt two or three bowlfuls if he so desires. If he should accept more than that, it is to be confessed. Having accepted the two or three bowlfuls and having taken them from there, he is to share them among the bhikkhus. This is the proper course here. Should any bhikkhu, having set out bedding in a loding belonging to the sangha -or having had it set out- and then on departing neither put it away nor have it put away, or should he go without taking leave, it is to be confessed. Name any two Buddhist texts in which the rules for the monks have been laid down. |
| Answer» SOLUTION : (i) SUTTA Pitaka, (II) VINAY Pitaka. | |
| 672. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question that follow Rules for Monks and Nuns These are some of the rules laid down in the Vinaya Pitaka When a new fel: (blankct/rug) has been made by biikkhuitistobakepe for fat-least)-six years If-after less than six years he should have another new felt (blanket/rug) made, regardless of whether or not he has disposed of the first, then-unless he has been authorised by the bhikkhus- it is to be forfeited and confessed. In ase a bhikkhu arriving at a family residence presented with cakes or cooked grain-meal, he may ncc pt two or three bowlfuls if he so desires. If he should accept more than that, it is to be confessed. Having accepted the two or three bowlfuls and having taken them from there, he is to share them among the bhikkhus. This is the proper course here. Should any bhikkhu, having set out bedding in a loding belonging to the sangha -or having had it set out- and then on departing neither put it away nor have it put away, or should he go without taking leave, it is to be confessed. What was the sangha ? Explain? |
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Answer» SOLUTION : (i) SANGHA was a body of disciples of the BUDDHA. (ii) IE was an ORGANISATION of monks who became teachers of dharma. |
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| 673. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question that follow Rules for Monks and Nuns These are some of the rules laid down in the Vinaya Pitaka When a new fel: (blankct/rug) has been made by biikkhuitistobakepe for fat-least)-six years If-after less than six years he should have another new felt (blanket/rug) made, regardless of whether or not he has disposed of the first, then-unless he has been authorised by the bhikkhus- it is to be forfeited and confessed. In ase a bhikkhu arriving at a family residence presented with cakes or cooked grain-meal, he may ncc pt two or three bowlfuls if he so desires. If he should accept more than that, it is to be confessed. Having accepted the two or three bowlfuls and having taken them from there, he is to share them among the bhikkhus. This is the proper course here. Should any bhikkhu, having set out bedding in a loding belonging to the sangha -or having had it set out- and then on departing neither put it away nor have it put away, or should he go without taking leave, it is to be confessed. Why were these rules framed ? |
| Answer» Solution :These rules were FRAMED to maintain SIMPLICITY and dhamma. MAINLY, these rules were for MONKS and nuns | |
| 674. |
Discuss the economic life of the people of Harappan civilisation/culture. |
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Answer» Solution :(A) The excavations pointed out that existed in the long past a rich and well developed culture in India. From the ruins of various buildings, streets, baths and from the large NUMBER of antiquities like figurines, seals, tools, toys, beads, weapons, Terracotta pottery and other artefacts that are unearthed. These enable us to visualise the Harappan ancients and the style of their lives. (B) Prosperity of Harrapan people may be explained as follows - (i) Agriculture: Soil was fertile. Agriculture was the chief occupation of the people. They cultivated barley, wheat, cotton and rice. Plenty of water made irrigation easy for their crops. The big granaries were made to stock the grains. (ii) The study of seals indicates that people reared cattle. It indicates that animal husbandry was their another occupation. Some animals were domesticated as - bulls, buffalo, dogs, goats, sheep and elephants. (iii) Crafts and Industry: Industrial centres were developed in cities and towns. Many articles were produced by the people from copper, bronze, lead, silver, GOLD and beads were used for ornaments. Lothal was famous for bead factories. Weaving was an important industry. Spinning of cotton and wool was common. (iv) Trade and commerce: People of Harappan Culture developed MOHENJODARO as a great trading centre for internal as well as external. They extended their trade upto Afghanistan, Iran, Sumer, Babylon, Tibet, Oman, Dilmun, etc. Articles like seals proved it as they are FOUND there. Trade was established through both land and sea. (v) Weight and Measures: People of Harappan civilisation used weights and measures in the multiples of 16, but generally opted in the multiples of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ... Weights were usually hexagonal and were made of hard stone. Strictness was exercised on the accuracy of the weights and measured. (vi) Profession: Many professions were there in the Harappan culture such as the carpenter, goldsmith, house builder, fisherman, jeweller, physician, potter, weaver, etc. It meant each work was done by skilled people. |
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| 675. |
Describe the Harappans trade with other countries. |
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Answer» Solution :Harappan people were prosperous. There were extensive trade relations with foreign countries. A well organised commerce made these things possible. Trade was carried both by land and SEA. (i) MOHENJODARO was a great trading centre internal as well as external. Trade extented upto Afghanistan, Iran and Sumer: Seals, beads of monkey on a pin and other objects made by the people of the Harappan culture have been found in foreign countries. (ii) Sumerian things (goods) like model vam, small pottery rings have been found in India. Mesopotamian texts mention two trading centres. (iii) Dilmum, Meluhha and Magan goods were exchanged there, Meluhha and Magan are identified with Harappan region, previous one was referred to as land of seafarers. (iv) Silver, TURQUOISE and lapis lazuli were imported from Persia, Afghanistan and Oman, Chemical analysis show Omani Copper and Harappan artefacts have traces of nickel. A large Harappan jar has been found at Omani sites, contents of which were exchanged for its copper. (v) The findings of Indus seals suggests that merchant from this (India) actually resided in Mesopotamia. Their chief merchandise was probably cotton, which has always been one of India.s staple exports. (vi) Metals and semi-precious stones came from much longer distances. From Kathiwar and the Deccan they OBTAINED CONCH shell, which they used for decoration. (vii) At Lothal, large docks and shipbuilding yards have been discovered. Seagoing crafts of making voyages upto the Persian Gulf were made. (viii) Sumerian woman adopted the Harappan fashion of hair dressing. The Babylonians called cotton by name of .Sindham a Sindhu., associated with the Sindhu or Indus valley. |
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| 676. |
What do you mean by 'Dharma Chakra Pravartana |
| Answer» Solution :Dharma Chakra Pravartana means .SITTING in motion the WHEEL of dharma .. The first religious discourse or sermon delivered by Mahatma Buddha after ATTAINING ENLIGHTENMENT at Sarnath near Varanasi . It is known as . .Mahachakra Pravartana.. | |
| 677. |
Explain the sources used by historians to reconstruct the history of the Mauryan Empire |
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Answer» Solution :Variety of sources have been used by historians to reconstruct the history of the MAURYAN Empire. There are archaeological discoveries, especially sculpture, and accounts of MEGASTHENES who was a Greek ambass ador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. Another source which is used, is the ARTH Shastra, parts of which were probably composed by Kautilya or Chanakya, minister of Chandragupta Maurya. The Mauryann are also mentioued later on in Buddhist, Jaina and Puranic LITERATURE as well as in Sanskrit literature. The other valuable sources are The mcriphonof Adhoka Chakra on rocks and pillars |
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| 678. |
Which special attractions were associated with the Mahanavami festival celebrated in Hampi ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Dancing, wrestling competitions, proceessions of caparisoned horses, elephants and soldiers on the chariots, etc. (II) The Nayakas and subordinate kings of the empire offered precious GIFTS to the king on this occasion ALSO. |
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| 679. |
How did the East India Company come to acquire Bombay? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) Bombay was ACQUIRED by the EAST India Company in 1661 from the English King. (II) The king had GOT it as part of his wife.s dowry from the king of Portugal. | |
| 680. |
What do you know about Abdur-Razzaq? |
| Answer» Solution :Abdur-Razzaq was born in Herat inn 1413. In 1437 he was appointed as a QAZI of Samarqand by the ruler of Khurasan SHAH Rukh Khan. He came to INDIA as diplomat of his EMPIRE and stayed in the court of Vijayanagara from 1442 to 1443. He passed AWAY in 1482. | |
| 681. |
Analyse the role of Zamindars during the Mughal period |
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Answer» Solution : Role of Zamindars during the Mughal period: (i) The zamindars were holders of huge land properties. Most of them were RELATED to the royal families. They were given the right to collect revenue from the ryot. They had to PAY a fixed amount to the state. The remaining amount remained with them. The Mughal rulers were not very friendly with them but they allowed them to prosper. The Zamindars COLLECTED revenue from the peasants who were the OWNERS of the land. The zamindars collected the revenue and sometimes gave wrong accounts to the administrators and amassed moncy. Like the feudal lords they also sometimes had their own private armies and held courts to decide the matters in their jurisdiction. Upper caste brahamans and Rajputs had full control over village society. The dispossession of weaker people was a way of expanding zamindari. Rajputs and jats adopted various strategies to consolidate power in north India. Zamindars SPEARHEADED the colonization of agticultural lands and helped in settling cultivators. The buying and selling of zamindari accelerated the process of monetization in the countryside. In few cases, zamindars came to be a exploitative class on peasantry section. |
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| 682. |
Megasthens was a |
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Answer» Greek ambassador to the court of chandragupta Maurya |
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| 683. |
Considerthe followingstatement about Rashtrakuta kings : 1.Theywere ardent ofShaivismand did notsupportotherforms ofreligion. 2 They promoted only Sanskritscholarsand gavethemlargegrants . Whichof thestatements givenaboveis // arecorrect |
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Answer» I only |
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| 684. |
Mention the name of two films based on partition. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) MS Sathyu- GARAM Hawa (II) Govind Nihalani-Tamas |
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| 685. |
Write any two objective of Al-Biruni behind writing Kitab-ul-Hind. |
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Answer» Solution :Two OBJECTIVES of A-Biruni behind writing Kitab-ul-Hind were: (i) To provide help to those people/scholar who had deep panics to KNOW about INDIAN religions. (II) To collect information for those people who wanted to maintain cordial RELATION with them. |
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| 686. |
Read the following passage and answer the question that follows: “For the success of democracy one must train oneself in the art of self discipline. In democracies one should care less for himself and more for others. There can't be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively be centered round the state. If in a democracy, you create rival loyalties or you create a system in which any individual or a group, instead of suppressing his extravagance cares not for larger or other interests, then democracy is doomed." In the light of the above passage highlight the values which a loyal citizen of a democratic country should uphold. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Self DISCIPLINE, belief in DEMOCRACY (ii) Nation is supreme, and patriotism. (iii) Social JUSTICE, equality and FRATERNITY. (iv) Feelings of common property. |
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| 687. |
Mention the factors that led to thegrowth and expansion of Buddhism |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Buddha and his FOLLOWERS TAUGHT in PALI that was the common man.s LANGUAGE . (ii) Buddha.s teachings were simple. The Sangha became an EFFECTIVE centres for the dissemination of Buddhism. |
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| 688. |
What did the Indian population thought about the new cities in the nineteenth century? |
| Answer» Solution : (i) For the INDIAN population, the NEW CITIES were bewildering places where life seemed always in a flux. (ii) There was a DRAMATIC CONTRAST between extreme wealth and poverty. | |
| 689. |
The worst is over but Indians need to work collectively for the equality of all classes and creeds. Substantiate the statement of Gandhiji for bringing communal peace after the partition of India. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :On 26 January, 1948, at his prayer meeting he said that he worst is over", that Indians would henceforth work collectively for the "equality of all classes and creeds, never the domination and superiority of the MAJOR community over a minor, however insignificant it may be in numbers or influence". He had the hope that geographically and politically India was divided into two but the people will remain frieids and brothers forever and respect and help each other. Many scholars have written of the months after INDEPENDENCE as being Gandhiji's "finest hour". After WORKING to bring peace to Bengal, Gandhiji shifted to Delhi, from where he hoped to move on to the riot-torn districts of Punjab. While in the capital, his meerings were disruptrd by rtfugecs who objectedo readings from the Koran or shouted slogans. Gandhi was concerned abqut minorities in India as well as Pakistan. Due to the initintive of Gandhiji and Nehru, the Rights of Minorities Resolution was passed by the Congress. Gandhiji was a one man army in his efforts to restore COMMUNAL harmony. He believed thatpeopie, hearts could be changed with Non-Violence.Gandhiji came to Delhi in Sep. 1947 and addressed the Sikhs at Sisganj Gurudwara to bring peace. He started a fast to bring about a change in the hearts of people. |
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| 690. |
"Mughal his tory provides iplomatic relations hip and conflicts with the neighbouring political powers." Explain with examples. |
| Answer» Solution : Mughal history is about the diplomatic relations and conflicts about neighbouring states. The Mughal emperors appointed authors to write the history of their times. They recorded the events. In addition to that they collected vast information about the neighbouring kingdoms their relations and conflict with the Mughals. These histaries were called chronicles. These chronicles were painstakingly written. When Akbar commissioned Abul FAZL, he REQUESTED his aunt to give her menories of the earlier times of Babar HUMAYUN. Babar himself was a POET and a keen observer. In Akbarnama and Badshahnama we comeknown about the events in the lives of these emperors, the battles they fought as well as their relations wich the neighbours. | |
| 691. |
Examine the gendered access to property from c. 600 BCE to 600 CE. Explain the Brahmanical views for regulating access to wealth as codified in Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras. |
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Answer» Solution :Access to property deepen social differences between men and women in ANCIENT times. (i) The Dharmashastras and Dharmashastras deal the issues of the ownership. (ii) According to Manusmriti the PATERNAL estate was to be divided equally amongst sons after the death of their parents. (ii) The women could not claim any part in the property or estate. They had control over stridhana. (iv) Stridhana, means the wealth of the women and allowed to retain the gifts that they received on the occasion of their marriage. Husband had no claim on her wealth. (v) The upper class women like the QUEEN of Vakataka-Prabhavati Gupta may had access to resources, land, cattle and money usually handled by men. Brahmanical views: (i) According to Manusmriti, men can acquire/earn the wealth by opting or following seven means. They are as follows: (a)inheritance (b) purchase (c) work (d) finding(E) investment (f) conquest (g) taking gifts. (ii) WHEREAS women could acquire/earn wealth by six means: (a) Gift received infront of the pious fire at marriage. (b) The bridal possession. (c) Gifts received as token of love and affection. (d) Gifts from parents and brother. (e) Wealth acquired with any gift. (f) Whatever she took/acquire from husband or benevolence. |
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| 692. |
With the help of specific examples examine own province. the nature of Indian leadership that emerged against the British in the revolt 1857 |
| Answer» Solution :Bahadur SHAH Zafar was accepted by the rebels as a leader in 1857 who was old and without any ambition. Bakht Khan was in the Company but after revolt he JOINED them and built an ARMY of the Rohilas. Nana Saheb was denied his right to be Peshwa and all his attempts had FAILED so he expelled British and declared himself Peshwa. He joined the revolt. Rani Laxmi Bai was ORDERED to leave Jhansi but she refuscd and fought bravely and died. All these were forced to enter the revolt. The sepoys of who statted the revolt were leaderless and indisciplined. | |
| 693. |
What were 'Jama' and 'Hasil' ? |
| Answer» Solution :Thearrangements for COLLECTION of land revenue consisted of two STAGES. These WERETHE assessmentand then actual collection of land revenue. The JAMA was the amount assessed WHEREAS the Hasil was the amountreceived or collected. | |
| 694. |
Bostan Tea Party's is associated with which one of the following? |
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Answer» French Rvolution |
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| 695. |
On the given political outline map of India, five important places in South India during 14^(th) to 18^(th) century have been marked as 1,2,3,4,5. Identify them and write their names on the line drawn near them. |
| Answer» Solution :1. MYSORE, 2. KANCHIPURAM, 3. Madurai, 4. Quilon, 5. GOLCONDA. | |
| 696. |
How has the term Hindi' derived? Does its expression indicate religious identity of the people? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The term Hindu. was DERIVED from an old PERSIAN word. (ii) The Arabs used Persian language, called that region .al-Hind. and its people .Hindi. and Turks REFERRED to the people east of the Indus as "Hindu". No INDICATIONS was indicated to the religious identity of thepeople which was much later that the term developed religious connotations. |
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| 697. |
What was the August Offer of 1940? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Lord Linlithgow made a declaration on 8th August, 1940 which was KNOWN as the August Offer. The declaration stated that after the war, a Constituent Assembly would be convened to frame the Indian CONSTITUTION. (ii) It was promised to safeguard the interest of minorities in the new constitution. (iii) That was INTERIM measure during the war, Lord Linlithgow declared that some Indians would be NOMINATED to his Executive and War COUNCIL. |
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| 698. |
What were Black Towns and White Towns? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) From the beginning there were SEPARATE quarters for Europeans and Indians. (ii) They came to be labelled in contemporary WRITINGS as the "White Town” and “BLACK Town" RESPECTIVELY. | |
| 699. |
Who were Amara Nayakas under the Rayas of Vijayanagara ?What did they do ? |
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Answer» Solution :The military commanders of the Rayas of Vijayanagara were known as AMARA Nayakas. They performed the following works : (i) They kept CONTROL over the forests and were given territories to govern by the RULERS. (ii) They were entitled the right to collect land REVENUE and other taxes. They had to pay tributes to the Rayas once in a year. |
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| 700. |
"The conception of social pollution intrinsic to the caste system was contrary to the law of nature." Examine Al-Baruni's statement on Indian caste system. |
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Answer» Solution :Al-Baruni tried to explain the cáste systwn in India. Looking for parallels in other socicties, he NOTED that in ancient Persia, four social categories were recognised, those of knights and princes, monks, then priests and lawyers, physicians, astronomers and other scientists and finally pcasant and artisans. He told that social divisions were not unique in India. He also pointed out that within Islam all men were considered equal, differing only in their observance of piety. Thought Al-Baruni ACCEPTED the Brahmanical description of the caste system but DISAPPROVED of the notion of pollution, He rematked that every thing which falls into a state of impurity strives and succeeds in regaining its oniginal condition of purity. He insisted that life on earth would have been impossible.if sun did not clcan the air, and the salt in the sea did not prevent water from becoming POLLUTED According to him the CONCEPTION of social pollution, intrinsic to the caste system, according to him was contrary to the law of nature. Al-Baruni's description of the caste system was deeply influcnced by his study of normative Sanskrit texts which laid down the rules govetning the system from the point of view of the Brahmanas. However, in real life the system was not quite as rigid. For example, the categories defined as antyaja (born outside the system) were often expected to provide inexpensive labour to both peasants and zamindars. Though they were often subjected to social oppression they were included within economic networks |
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