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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 701. |
"Beenier's ownership influenced western theorists like French philosopher Montesquieu and German Kar Marx." Justify it with suitable arguments. |
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Answer» Solution :Bernier travelled extensively and GAVE accounts of social and economic life of India and Kerwillages during SEVENTEENTH century. He said that there was crown ownership of land and there wasno concept of private property. He said whole of the land belonged to king and the cultivators were merely renters on the land. Bernier was of the viewthat India is inferior to west. Bernier's DESCRIPTIONS influenced western theonsts from the eighteenth century onwards. The French philosopher develop the idea of oriental despotism. He said that RULERS in enjoyed absolute authority over their subjects who were keprirconcirionrof subjogation- and poverty, because all land belonged to the king and that private property was non-existent. He said except the emperor and his nobles everybody else barely managed to survive. Bernier's accounts also influenced Marx also Montesquieu used this account to and he gave the concept of The Asiatic Mode of Production". He said that in India, before colonialism, surplus This led to the emergence of a society that was composed of a large number of autonomous and egalitarian village communities. Thus he romanticized the Indian villages. The imperial court presided over these village communities, RESPECTING their autonomy as long as the flow of surplus was unimpeded. Though this was regarded as a stagnant system. appropriated by the state. Though, there are doubts about what Bernier said becaase none of the Mughal official documents such as Akbarnama, suggest that the state was the sole owner of land. |
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| 702. |
Who were Kaushanas? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Kushanas were a clan of NOMADIC people living in China. (ii) Kushanas ruled over a vast kingdom EXTENDING from Central Asia to North west India. (III) They were the first to issue GOLD COINS in India. |
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| 703. |
What was the brief account of Ashoka's Dhamma? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Ashoka and used the inscription to PROCLAIM what he UNDERSTOOD to be dhamma. (ii) According to Dr. R.C. Majumdar dhamma as "The aspect of dharma which heemphasised was code of morality rather than a system of religion. In WORDS of Dr R.D. Bhanderker, "He DESTROYED the barriers which DETACHED one sect from another by teaching them tolerance". |
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| 704. |
Who were Nayakas ? |
| Answer» Solution :Nayakas were the military CHIEFS in Vijayanagara empire, who controlled forests and ARMED supporters. They spoke TELUGU or KANNADA and submitted to the authority of the kings of Vijayanagara. | |
| 705. |
Examine the circumstances that led to the passing of Limitation Laws' by the British in 1859. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) In 1859, British passed a limitation law that stated that the loan bonds SIGNED between moneylenders and RYOTS would have validity for only three years. (ii) This law was meant to CHECK the accumulation of interest over time. (iii) Cotton boom and the American CIVIL war. (iv) The moneylenders were powerful and were violating the customary norms that regulated the relationship between moneylenders and ryots. (v) Moneylenders were unwilling to give the loan to ryots withour LEGAL bonds. This way ryots faced unjustice in the hands of moneylenders. |
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| 706. |
which one of the following is the correctchronological order of the given rulersof ancientindian ? |
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Answer» ASHOKA -Kanishka-milinda |
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| 707. |
Describe how the Humayurnnama' of Gulbadan Begum gives us the glimpses of the Mughal Imperial household. |
| Answer» Solution : GULBADAN Begum was the daughter of Babur, Humayun's sister and AKBAR's aunt. She wrote Humayunnama' depicting the glitnpse of DOMESTIC world of Mughal's. She wrote flucntly in TURKISH and Persian. When Akbar requested Abul Fazl to write a history of his seign, Akbar reques ted Gulbadan Begum to record her memories of earlicr times under Babur and Humayun, for Abul Fazl to DRAW upon. She has described in detail the tensions and conflicts which existed between princes and kings. She gives an insight into the important role women played in resolving these conflicts. | |
| 708. |
Describe caste and rural of Maghal India. How did jatiPanchayats wield considerablepower in the rural society during Mughal period? Classify. |
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Answer» Solution :Caste and rural milieu : (i)The cultivators were categorisedand divided into various groups because of caste and other caste related distinctions. (ii)Large number of tillers of land included the people who worked as agricultural labourers (Majurs) and forced to like a life in poverty. (iii) Direct relation between caste, poverty and social status among lower class of society was observed. These relations existed at intermediate level hardly. (IV) Castes like Ahirs, Gujjars and malis rosein social hierarchy DUE to increase in POSITIVE accessibility in occupatiosn as- cattlerearing and horticulture. In the eastern parts of the COUNTRY , intermediate pastoral and fishing castes, acquired the status of farmers . Jati Panchayats : (i)Other than village Panchayats, Jati panchayats were in villages. These panchayats were very powerful in society. (ii)Caste panchayats in Rajasthan used to solve civil DISPUTES among people of different caste. (iii)They resolved disputes related to claims of land. They ensured that if marriages take place as per the caste restrictions or not. (iv)They also fixed who had ritual precedence in village function. Except criminal broad cases state used to respect the decisions taken by Jati Panchavats. |
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| 709. |
Examine why Quit India Movement was started and how do you think the Quit India Movement was genuinely a mass movement. |
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Answer» Solution : "Quit India Movement" was started in 1942 because: (i) Failure of Cripps Mission led to the launch of Quit India Movement in AUGUST 1942 for the liquidation of British imperialism. (ii) It was a mass movement bringing into the ambit, HUNDRED of thousands ordinary Indians. Younger activitists organised strikes and ACTS of sabotage all over the country. (iii) Parucularly active in the underground resistance were socialist members of the Congress, such as Jayaprakash Narayan. In several districts, such as Satara in the west and Medinipur in the east, "independent" governments were proclaimed. (iv) It especially energised the young who in large number left their colleges and JOINED the Congress, WHOSE leaders were captivated in jails. (v) Jinnah and his colleagues worked patiently to expand their influence. In June 1944, Gandhiji was relcascd from jail. |
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| 710. |
Why did Abu'l Fazi describe the land revenue as remuneration of sovereignty? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Abul Fazl described the LAND REVENUE as remuneration of sovereignty because only by giving land revenue to the governmentthey were actually provided security by the government . (II)Theywere free to work on their fields according to their wish . They were even free from the fear of any external aggression or internalrevolt because it was the duty of the government to provide them EVERY type of security. |
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| 711. |
How were Harappan seals and sealings ued to facilitate long distance communication? What did the sealings convey? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The bag of goods to be sent from one PLACE to another and was tied its mouth with a rope and knot was affixed some wet CLAY on which more seals were pressed to leave an impression. (ii) The sealings conveyed: (a) the bag reached with the SEALING intact, not tempered, (b) the identity of the SENDER. |
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| 712. |
In which year Battuta decided to travel to India? Who was the ruler of India at that time? |
| Answer» Solution :In 1333, he decided to VISIT (travel) INDIA via middle ASIA. He reached Delhi on 20 MARCH 1334. At the time of his travel, India was being ruled by Muhammad bin Tughlaq. | |
| 713. |
Name any two steps that were taken by Akbar to popularise his policy of Sulh-i-kul. |
| Answer» Solution : (i) He ABOLISHED pilgrimage tax in 1563. (II) He also abolished JAZYA in 1564. | |
| 714. |
Out of the structures built to store water in the Vijayanagara empire, which was the mostprominent resource ? Who built it ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :It was Hiriya CANAL BUILT by the SANGAMA DYNASTY. | |
| 715. |
What has Babur recorded in his remini secences? |
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Answer» Solution : Babur.s reminiscences have been recorded in his autobiography Tuzuk-i-Baburi or .Babur NAMA. Babur had written this book in his native, Turkish language. It reflects the conducts, MODE of eating and the way of living of the countrymen. (a) Positive point: (i) The plus point of India is that it is a large country. Heaps of gold and silver are found here. (ii) There are occupational castes who practise the same work from generation after generation. (b) Negative POINTS: (i) Babur jotted down in his reminiscences about India as follows: India is a country of inferior beauty. There is no water baths, universities candles or lamp posts. (ii) Male COMMON people wear langotta that covers the parts below the navel with a narrow loin-cloth. The upper parts remain naked. (c) Conclusion: (i) Having observed the then prevailing conditions of India while busy in warfare during the short span (1526-1530) of his life, Babur MADE a vivid description of the same. (ii) It is deemed as an authentic and significant manuscript of the contemporary history. This book reflects the climatic conditions of the country and country.s arts and crafts the people.s way of living, conduct and industries. |
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| 716. |
Mention any two characteristics of Neo-Gothic style of architecture for public building. |
| Answer» Solution : Characteristics of Neo-Gothic style of architecture: (i) These buildings had high PITCHED ROOFS, pointed arches and EXTENSIVE decoration. (ii) Neo-gothic style was adopted in the CONSTRUCTION of church, in medieval period. It became quite famous in northern Europe. | |
| 717. |
Explain any four sources to reconstruct the history of Mauryas. Examine the system of Mauryan administration. |
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Answer» Solution :our sources to reconstruct the HISTORY of Mauryas are: (i) Sculptures (ii) Valuable contermporary works, such as account of Megasthenes (iii) Arthashastra, parts of which are probably composed by Kautilya. (iv) Inscriptions of ASHOKA on rocks and pillars are most valuable sources. Mauryan Administration : There were five potical centres in the empirc-The CAPITAL Patliputra and the provincial centres of Taxila, Uijayini, Tosali and Suvarnagiri, all mentioned in Ashokan inscriptions. The regions included within the empire were just too diverse. Imagine the contract between the hilly terrain of Afghanistan and the coast of Ouisla. It is likely Llat ndministtative was strongest in the areas around the capital CONTROL and the provincial centres. These centres were carefully chosen, both Taxila and Ujjayini being situated on important long distance trade routes, while Suvarnagiri was possible important for tapping the gold mines of Karnataka. Ashoka's Dhamma spread respect towards elders, GENEROSITY towards Brahmanas and those who renounced wordly life treating slaves and servants kindly, respect for religious and traditions other than one's own. |
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| 718. |
"The rebel proclamation of 1857.emphiized the values of coexistence amongst different communities under Mughal Empire." Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :The-proclamation that waS iscued under the NAME of Bahadur Shah appealed to the people to yoin the fight under the standards of both Muhammad and Mahavir. It was remarktable that during the uprising religous division between Hindu and Muslim were hardly NOTICEABLE despite Briush divisions. In Bareilly, in western Uttar Pradesh, in December 1857, the BRITISH spent 50,000 to INCITE the Hindu population against the Muslims but the attempt failed. THUS, we can Say that there wete accepted and prevalent values of co-existence in Mughal period |
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| 719. |
Mention any two changes that where observed after 1900 BCE in Harappan civilization. What could have brought these changes? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :(A) (i) After 1900 BCE the unique artefacts of this civilisation became disappeared: weights, seals, LONG DISTANCE trade and writing. (ii) House construction TECHNIQUES were deteriorated and large public structures were not in use. (B) Many expected causes were given. They might be. (i) CHANGES were counted in CLIMATE, deforestation. (ii) Floods in large scale, changing in course of rivers or drying up of the rivers. (iii) Excessive use of the landscape. |
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| 720. |
What is meant by the term 'Kitabkhana'? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The literal translation of the TERM KITABKHANA is library. (ii) It was a SCRIPTORIUM, that is a PLACE where the emperor.s collection of MANUSCRIPTS were kept and new manuscripts were produced. |
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| 721. |
How did Bombay become one big city? |
| Answer» Solution :Bombay was initially seven ISLANDS. As the POPULATION grew, the islands were joined to create more space and they gradually FUSED into one big CITY. | |
| 722. |
Discuss the various forms that the Non cooperation movement took in different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhi? |
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Answer» Solution :The Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum through 1921-22. But it took various FORMS in different parts of the country like: `*` In Kheda Gujarat, Patidar peasants organised non-violent campaigns against the high land revenue demand of the British. `*`In coastal Andhra and INTERIOR Tamil Nadu, liquor shops were picketed. `*`In the Guntur districts of Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor peasants staged a number of Forest Satyagrahas against the colonial forest law. `*`In many villages, peasants proclaimed Swaraj and believed that Gandhiraj was about to be established. `*`In Punjab, the Akali agitation of the SIKHS sought to remove corrupt mahants supported by the British. `*`In Assam, tea garden labourers, shouting "Gandhi Maharaj Ki Jai" demanded a big increase in their wages. `*`In many cases people RESISTED British rule non-violently. In others, different classes and groups, interpreted Gandhiji.s call in their own MANNER. |
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| 723. |
Describe the salient features of the adminstration of Vijayanagara empire. |
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Answer» Solution :The salient features of the administration of the Vijayanagara empire are given below : (i) The King : The king was centre of the administration. All the administrative activities revoled around him. He could remove and appoint ANYONE at will. All the important cases of the administration were decided by him. He led the army in the battlefield. He enjoyed all the POWERS of the administration, but never misused it. (ii) Cabinet minister : The empire was very vast. So to run the administration smoothly, the king had appointed many ministers to assist him, but was not bound to accept their advices. These ministers belonged to noble families and held a key position in army. (iii) Provincial Goverment : The ruler of the Vijayanagara empire divided the entire kingdom into provinces known as Mandalams under the supervision of the Governor (Mandaleshwar). He was directly responsible to the Vijayanagara empire (ruler) and was responsible for maintaining peace under his Mandalam (Province). (vi) Local Administration : The provinces were futher divided into districts (Nadus). Districts (Nadus) were futher sub - divided into Parganas. These Paraganas were futher sub-divided into villages (gramas). Thus villages were the smallest unit of the administration. The administration of the village was managed by gram panchayat, whose members were known as Ayanar. (V) Judical Administration : The ruler of the Vijayanagara empire were known foe their impartial justice. Their JUDGEMENT was based on Hindu religious tenets and on costomary judgement. To ensure justice to all, officers such as Prantpati at provincial level and Ayanar at village level were given the responsibility. Punishment were very severe. Limbs of criminals were commonly amputated. For minor crime, people were fined. Brahamans were exempted from death penalty. (vi) Financial Administration : Progress of an empire depends upon its economy. So the ruler of empire used to pay special attention towards the financial administration. The main source of the income of the empire was land revenue. It was called Rekha and was fixed from `1//4th` to `1//6th` of the total produce. Besides land revenue, there were some other sources of revenue. These were toll taxes, property tax, khuraj tax, etc. (vii) Military Administration : The Vijayanagara empire was very vast. For the protection of the empire, they had organised a powerful army. The army included infantry, cavalry and ELEPHANTS. |
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| 724. |
In theMesopotamian recordswhichone of thefollowingtermswas used for theIndusVallely (Harappans) ? |
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Answer» DILMUN |
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| 725. |
How did the British raise money for administering towns in the late nineteenth century? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :From the late nineteenth century the BRITISH tried to raise MONEY for administering TOWNS through the systematic annual collection of MUNICIPAL taxes. | |
| 726. |
Mention the causes of the disappearanceof the Harappan Culture. |
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Answer» Solution :Dr. H. Heras has rightly observed "The destruction of the Indus valley civilisation is a postulate which has never been proved". Our knowledge about its decay and decline is still in a conjectural stage more and less. Then end of the Harappan culture was as mysterious as its beginning. Causes of its decline or destruction are stated below as: (i) Climatic change: The drastic climatic changes occurred in these regions leading to devastation of the agricultural production. (ii) Outdated technology: EVIDENCES show the end of the culture was a gradual process. Expansion of populations into new settlements in Gujarat, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh. Important features related Harappan Culture such as pottery, weights, artefacts, crafts etc disappeared. House construction techniques deteriorated. This was a strong unifying element, perhaps the decline of culture, came to an end. (iii) DEFORESTATION: Excessive deforestation, on account of providing fuel to millions of kiln producing burnt bricks led to decrease in rainfall. Decreasing the fertility on account of increasing salinity of the soil caused by expansion of neighbouring arid areas. (iv) Deterioration in environmental conditions: In the words of Dr. Raikes, the cities were exposed to a slow and continuous process of deterioration in environmental conditions - growth of slums, congested house etc. The deterioration speeded up as the culture had exhausted its energy and STAGNATION set in.. (v) Natural Calamities: "Mr. Sahni has concluded from his research that floods had swept the Indus culture away." Some scholars put the blame on earthquakes for the disappearance of the culture. (vi) Aryan Invasion: Eminent scholars like Sir R. E. M. Wheeler, M. Taddei, H. G. Wells and Sir Wooley are of the view that the Aryan invasion destroyed the civilisation. Wheeler.s view is based on the skeleton remains found at DEADMAN Lane and correlation of the archaeological evidence with that of the Rigveda. But George Dales refutes Wheeler. Early interpretations believed in a dramatic collapse of the entire civilisation. (vii) Change in the course of rivers: Many scholars stated that the change in the course of the river led to the DRYING up of the surrounding countryside due to the overuse of the landscapes. (viii) Mixed causes: In the words of .Romila Thapar. - "It is now generally agreed that the decline of Harappan culture was due to environmental changes of various kinds to political pressure and possible break in trading activities and not to any invasion." |
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| 727. |
Describe the main teachings of Baba Guru Nanak. |
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Answer» Solution :Teaching of BABA Guru Nanak: Baba Guru Nanak firmly repudiated the external practices of the religions he saw around him. He rejected sacrifices, ritual bath, IMAGE worship, austerities and the SCRIPTURES of both Hindu and Muslims. He organised his followers into a community. He set up rules for congregational worship (sangat) involving collective recitation. For Baba Nanak, the ABSOLUTE or Rab had no gender form. He proposed a simple way to CONNECT to the Divine by remembering and repeating the Divine's Name through hymns called shabad. |
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| 728. |
What do you think was the significance of the rituals associated with the Mahanavami Dibba ? |
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Answer» Solution :A (i) The Mahanavami Dibba was the king palace in Vijayanagara through there is no definite evidence. From the available sources, it is assumed that it had very beautiful wooden structure with base of the platform COVERED with relief carvings. (ii) The mahanavami Dibba had a very impressive platform covered with relief carvings. (ii) The Mahanavami Dibba had a very impressive platfrom known as .. the audience hall... It was surrounded by high double walls with a street running between them. (III) Many rituals were associated with the Mahanavami dibba. Here the Hindu festival Mahanavami or Navaratri were associated with the Mahanavami dibba. Here the Hindu festival Mahanavami or Navaratri were celebrated dibba. Here the Hindu festival Mahanavami or Navaratri were celebrated with a great pomp and show in the months of September- October. This festival continued for `9` days. The rulers of Vijayanagara empire displayed their power, prestige and suzerainty. B On this OCCASION, several ceremonies were performed which included : (i) Worship of the different gods and GODDESSES (ii) Worship of the STATE horse. (iii) The sacrifice of buffaloes and other animals. (iv) The main attraction of this occasion were : (a) Dances (b) Wrestling matches (c ) Processions of horses, elephants, chariots and soldiers.  All these ceremonies were presented before the king and his guests. On the last day of the festival, the king inspected his army as well as the nayakas of the army. He also accepted gift from the nayakas. |
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| 729. |
According to Karl Marx, attainment of communism is possible only after ? |
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Answer» resloution of tension between the leader and led |
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| 730. |
When was Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed? What did it state? |
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Answer» Solution :Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 5 March, 1931. It stated the FOLLOWING: (a) CIVIL Disobedience Movement would be called off. (b) All PRISONERS would be released. (c) The PRODUCTION of salt would be allowed in coastal areas/region. (d) Gandhi agreed to participate in the Second Round Table CONFERENCE. |
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| 731. |
Why do archaeologist and historians find Harappan script enigmatic? Explain reasons. |
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Answer» Solution :Generally, Harappan seals have a line containing the NAME and the title of the owner of writing. Their SCRIPT till date are undciphered, large number of signs and symbols are on them. So they think so, (i) Many historians say that the script is not ALPHABETICAL. It has many signs between 375-400. (ii) The direction of writing is revealed from right to left. (iii) A WIDER SPACING on the right and cramping on the left are shown on some seals. (iv) Archaeologist have speculated the various objects on which writing was found. Copper, tools seals, copper and terracotta tablets, jewellary, rim of jars, etc indicate the literacy was wide spread. |
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| 732. |
What is referred to as 'Chawls'in Bombay? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) Chawls are multi-storyed building which are divided into SMALLER ONE room tenements without any private toilets. (ii) These are dwelling HOUSES of URBAN poor in Bombay mostly owned by private LANDLORDS. | |
| 733. |
Discues with examples, the distinctive features of Mughal chronicles. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Historical literature commissioned by Mughal kings were written by court historians. They have been termed chronicles by historians. The important chronicles are Akbar Nama and Badshah Nama written by Abul Fazl and Abdul Hamid Lahori respectively. (ii) The Akbar Nama is considered a landmark. It evolved a new style of writing, that was ornate and attached importance to diction and rhythm. (iii) It is divided into three books, two are chronicles. The third is Ain-i-Akbari. It presents Akbar.s reign as the PINNACLE of human history, the milestone of human progress. (iv) They provide FACTUAL information about the institutions of the Mughal state and provide unique insight into the political, geographical, administrative, social, ideological, cultural events of that time. (v) Abul Fazl.s writings are a result of careful historical investigations based on primary documents. They give us glimpse into how imperial ideologies were created and disseminated — Abul Fazl.s CONCEPT of divine light. (vi) Paintings which were miniatures served not only to enhance the beauty of the book but CONVEYED the ideas to have impression on the mind of the viewers. (vii)They are written in Persian. Babur wrote his memories in Turkish, translated in Persian. (viii)The Chronicles despite some limitations are an indispensible source for any scholar. Our knowledge of Mughal history would be blank in the ABSENCE of these works. |
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| 734. |
Mention the specific feature of the Great Bath of Mohenjodaro. |
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Answer» Solution :The most striking of the GREAT Bath in the citadel area of Mohenjodaro are as follows: (i) It was a great rectangular tank in a courtyard that was surrounded by corridor on all four sides. (ii) There were two FLIGHTS of steps on the north and south leading into the tank, which was made watertight by setting BRICKS on EDGE and USING a mortar of gypsum. (iii) There were rooms on three sides, in one of which was a large well to fill the pool with water. After periodic cleaning of the tank, the water was dischargedinto a huge drain. (iv) Across a lane to the north lay a smallerbuilding witheight bathrooms, four on each side of a corridor with drains that ran along the corridor. |
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| 735. |
Why was the Colonial Government keen on carrying out regular surveys and mapping various parts of the country ? Explain. |
| Answer» Solution :Colonial rule was based on the production of enormous amounts of data. The British kept DETAILED records of their TRADING activities in order to regulate their commercial affai+rs. To keep track of life in the growing cities, they carried out regular surveys, gathered statistical data, and published various OFFICIAL reports. From the carly years, the colonial government was keen on mapping. Good MAPS were necessary to understand the landscape and know the topography. This knowledge would allow better control over the region. When towns began to grow, maps were prepared not only to plan the development of these towns but also to develop commerce and consolidate power. The town maps give information regarding the location of hills, rivers and vegetation, all important for planning structures for defence purposes. They also SHOW the location of the ghats, density and quality of houses and alignment of roads, used to gauge commercial possibilities and plan strategies of taxation. | |
| 736. |
Explain the crops which were known and produced by the Harappan people. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Harappan people were farmer and produced MANY crops. (i) Archaeologists have found evidence of ploughed field at Kalibangan. (ii) They produced wheat, barley, lentil, chickpea and sesame. (iii) A good quantity of barley has been discovered at Banawali, circular brick floor probably used for THRASHING in Harappa. (IV) Finds of rice are relatively rare. (V) The Harappans, used rice, the remains ofrice have been found dating to as early as 1800 BCE. (vi) They were the earliest people to producecotton. |
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| 737. |
How did the importation of European styles in building's reflect imperial vision? Mention reasons. |
| Answer» Solution :(i) European styles expressed the British ambitions to create a well KNOWN land scape in an alien country so that they COULD feel at home - as they set up the hill stations. (ii) The Englishmen felt that European styles to be the best to symbolise their SUPERIORITY, authority and power as - Government House in Kolkata constructed by Lord Wellesley. (iii) The Neo-Gothic style buildings in BOMBAY - secretariate, University of Bombay, High court and Victoria Terminus. These buildings dominated the central Bombay skyline and gave a distinctive feature to the city. (iv) The British thought that these buildings that looked European could mark out the difference and distance between the colonial masters and their subjects. It was reflected in the white AREAS and black areas of colonial cities and European big houses bangalows. | |
| 738. |
Read the given sources and answer the question that follow:Why the Salt Satyagraha?Why was salt the symbol of protest? This is what Mahatma Gandhi wrote: The volume of information being gained daily shows how wickedly the salt tax has been designed. In order to prevent the use of salt that has not paid the tax which is at times even fourteen times its value, the Government destroys the salt it cannot sell profitably. Thus it taxes the nation's vital necessity, it prevents the public from manufacturing it and destroys what nature manufactures without effort. No adjective is strong enough for characterising this wicked dog-in-the-manger policy. From various sources I hear tales of such wanton destruction of the nation's property in all parts of India. Maunds if not tons of salt are said to be destroyed on the Konkan coast. The same tale comes from Dandi. Wherever there is likelihood of natural salt being taken away by the people living in the neighbourhood of such areas for their personal use, salt officers are posted for the sole purpose of carrying on destruction. Thus, valuable national property is destroyed at national expense and salt taken out of the mouths of the people. The salt monopoly is thus a fourfold curse. It deprives the people of a valuable easy village industry, involves wanton destruction of property that nature produces in abundance, the destruction itself means more national expenditure, and fourthly, to crown this folly, an unheard of tax of more than 1,000 per cent is exacted from a starving people. This tax has remained so long because of the apathy of the general public. Now that it is sufficiently roused, the tax has to go. How soon it will be abolished depends upon the strength the people. THE COLLECTED WORKS OF MAHATMA GANDHI (CWMG), VOL. 49 How did Gandhiji prove that the salt monopoly was four fold curse? |
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Answer» Solution : (a) It would deprive the village INDUSTRY. (b) It would incur more NATIONAL expenditure. (C) It IMPOSED 1000 percent TAX on the starving villagers. |
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| 739. |
Read the given sources and answer the question that follow:Why the Salt Satyagraha?Why was salt the symbol of protest? This is what Mahatma Gandhi wrote: The volume of information being gained daily shows how wickedly the salt tax has been designed. In order to prevent the use of salt that has not paid the tax which is at times even fourteen times its value, the Government destroys the salt it cannot sell profitably. Thus it taxes the nation's vital necessity, it prevents the public from manufacturing it and destroys what nature manufactures without effort. No adjective is strong enough for characterising this wicked dog-in-the-manger policy. From various sources I hear tales of such wanton destruction of the nation's property in all parts of India. Maunds if not tons of salt are said to be destroyed on the Konkan coast. The same tale comes from Dandi. Wherever there is likelihood of natural salt being taken away by the people living in the neighbourhood of such areas for their personal use, salt officers are posted for the sole purpose of carrying on destruction. Thus, valuable national property is destroyed at national expense and salt taken out of the mouths of the people. The salt monopoly is thus a fourfold curse. It deprives the people of a valuable easy village industry, involves wanton destruction of property that nature produces in abundance, the destruction itself means more national expenditure, and fourthly, to crown this folly, an unheard of tax of more than 1,000 per cent is exacted from a starving people. This tax has remained so long because of the apathy of the general public. Now that it is sufficiently roused, the tax has to go. How soon it will be abolished depends upon the strength the people. THE COLLECTED WORKS OF MAHATMA GANDHI (CWMG), VOL. 49 Why did British government destroy salt? |
| Answer» Solution : The BRITISH government LEVIED the tax on the salt, which was 14 times of its real value. So the British DESTROYED that salt which could not sell PROFITABLY. It too prevented the people from manufacturing salt. It destroyed that salt which nature had MANUFACTURED without any efforts. | |
| 740. |
Read the given sources and answer the question that follow:Why the Salt Satyagraha?Why was salt the symbol of protest? This is what Mahatma Gandhi wrote: The volume of information being gained daily shows how wickedly the salt tax has been designed. In order to prevent the use of salt that has not paid the tax which is at times even fourteen times its value, the Government destroys the salt it cannot sell profitably. Thus it taxes the nation's vital necessity, it prevents the public from manufacturing it and destroys what nature manufactures without effort. No adjective is strong enough for characterising this wicked dog-in-the-manger policy. From various sources I hear tales of such wanton destruction of the nation's property in all parts of India. Maunds if not tons of salt are said to be destroyed on the Konkan coast. The same tale comes from Dandi. Wherever there is likelihood of natural salt being taken away by the people living in the neighbourhood of such areas for their personal use, salt officers are posted for the sole purpose of carrying on destruction. Thus, valuable national property is destroyed at national expense and salt taken out of the mouths of the people. The salt monopoly is thus a fourfold curse. It deprives the people of a valuable easy village industry, involves wanton destruction of property that nature produces in abundance, the destruction itself means more national expenditure, and fourthly, to crown this folly, an unheard of tax of more than 1,000 per cent is exacted from a starving people. This tax has remained so long because of the apathy of the general public. Now that it is sufficiently roused, the tax has to go. How soon it will be abolished depends upon the strength the people. THE COLLECTED WORKS OF MAHATMA GANDHI (CWMG), VOL. 49 What was the reasons for giving a call for Salt Satyagraha by Mahatma Gandhi? |
| Answer» Solution : Salt is a commodity of DAILY USE. British PUT a tax on it. It was the most hated and disliked tax (salt tax) imposed on India. Under the provision of the salt law the GOVERNMENT wanted to establish its monopoly. This issue had mobilised a deep discontentment against British rule in India. | |
| 741. |
Read the given sources and answer the question that follow:Why the Salt Satyagraha?Why was salt the symbol of protest? This is what Mahatma Gandhi wrote: The volume of information being gained daily shows how wickedly the salt tax has been designed. In order to prevent the use of salt that has not paid the tax which is at times even fourteen times its value, the Government destroys the salt it cannot sell profitably. Thus it taxes the nation's vital necessity, it prevents the public from manufacturing it and destroys what nature manufactures without effort. No adjective is strong enough for characterising this wicked dog-in-the-manger policy. From various sources I hear tales of such wanton destruction of the nation's property in all parts of India. Maunds if not tons of salt are said to be destroyed on the Konkan coast. The same tale comes from Dandi. Wherever there is likelihood of natural salt being taken away by the people living in the neighbourhood of such areas for their personal use, salt officers are posted for the sole purpose of carrying on destruction. Thus, valuable national property is destroyed at national expense and salt taken out of the mouths of the people. The salt monopoly is thus a fourfold curse. It deprives the people of a valuable easy village industry, involves wanton destruction of property that nature produces in abundance, the destruction itself means more national expenditure, and fourthly, to crown this folly, an unheard of tax of more than 1,000 per cent is exacted from a starving people. This tax has remained so long because of the apathy of the general public. Now that it is sufficiently roused, the tax has to go. How soon it will be abolished depends upon the strength the people. THE COLLECTED WORKS OF MAHATMA GANDHI (CWMG), VOL. 49 What was the reaction of the British government toward salt satyagraha? Mention one significant event related with Dandi March. |
| Answer» Solution : The British government took the salt SATYAGRAHA very lightly. But apparently failed to MEASURE its deep ROOTS. The civil disobedience movement was launched by Gandhiji on 12 March 1930 with the Dandi March. | |
| 742. |
Why did several members in the constituent assembly support the cause of the depressed classes? What did the assembly finally recommend for them? |
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Answer» Solution : (i) Several members of the constituent assembly supported the depressed classes because of oppression they had suffered for GENERATIONS. (ii) Society had used their labour and servicesbut kept them at a distance. They were not allowed entry into temples. Intermixing for inter-dining with other castes was not allowed. (iii) Their suffering was due not to their numerical numbers but due to systematic marginalisation, SOCIAL norms and values of CASTE system. (iv) Not only were they DISCRIMINATED against but had no access to education and no share in the administration. (v) Assembly not only RECOMMENDED abolition of untouchability, entry into temples, access to public places – wells, bath ghats etc. but seats were reserved for them in school and colleges. Seats in legislative assemblies and jobs in government offices were also reserved for them. |
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| 743. |
Who and why the name Pakistan coined? |
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Answer» <P> SOLUTION :(i) The name Pakistan was coined by Choudhary Rehmat Ali ,a Punjabi Muslim student of CAMBRIDGE.(ii) He had written a pamphlet in 1933, and 1935 desired a separate national status for the new entity. In the name pakistan P for Punjab, A for Afgan , K for Kashmir ,S for SIND and N for Baluchistan. |
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| 744. |
Name the new kingdoms that emerged in the Deccan and further south. |
| Answer» Solution :The new kingdoms that emerged in the DECCAN and further SOUTH were the CHIEFDOMS of CHOLAS, Cheras and Pandyas in Tamilakami.e. present day Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and KERALA. | |
| 745. |
Why did the Congress accept partition of the country? Mention the reasons. |
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Answer» Solution :(i)The Congress was for a united India. It was in March 1947 that the Congress accepted the necessary evil and voted for partitions. (ii) Direct Action Day brought the country to the BRINK of a civil war. It had resulted in large scale bloodshed and killings. Communal carnage became a more important subject than partition. (iii) The interim government had made them realise that cooperation was not possible with the Muslim League. It was because of the policy of obstruction on the part of the Muslim League leaders. (iv) The obstinate attitude of the Muslim League was also VIVIDLY exhibited in the formation of the constituent assembly. (v)The negotiation was started by the British as they were in hurry to transfer POWER Congress feared freedom might slip from their FINGERS as it seemed almost within their grasp. (vi)Mountbatten also impressed upon the Indian leaders that it was better option to build a strong India by giving away a part to Muslims. (vii)The Indian Independance ACT. 1947,provided for partition of India and the formation of two separate dominions, India and Pakistan. |
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| 746. |
Why was the Lottery Committee constituted? Write in brief. |
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Answer» SOLUTION : A. (i) In 1817, Lottery COMMITTEE was constituted to help the government in carrying out the work of town planning in Calcutta. (II) It was named so, because, it raised the funds through public lotteries, because government did not provide the necessary funds for the development of town planning. B. The commission took various steps for the development of town planning which can be enumerated as FOLLOWS: (i) It built roads in many parts of city where the Indians lived. (ii) It cleared huts to beautify the city. (iii) It also removed all the encroachment from the BANKS of river Hooghly. (iv) It commissioned a new map of Calcutta. |
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| 747. |
"India had a unique system of communication during the fourteenth century." Examine the statement of Ibn Batuta. |
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Answer» Solution :A Unique System Of Communication (i) The state evidently took SPECIAL measures to encourage merchants. (ii) ALMOST all trade routes were well supplied with inns and guesthouses. (iii) Ibn Battuta was also amazed by the efficiency of the postal system that allowed merchants to not only send information and remit credit across long distances, but also to dispatch goods required at short notice. (iv) The postal system was so efficient that while it took fifty days to reach DELHI from Sind, the news reports of spies would reach the Sultan through the postal system in just five days. (v) In India the postal system was of TWO kinds. The horse - post was called uluq, was run by royal horses stationed ata distance of every four miles. (vi) The foot-post has three stations per mile,it is called dawa, that is one-third of a mile. (Any other relevant points). (Any Four points to be examined) |
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| 748. |
In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin in the year 1750 ? |
| Answer» Solution :Industrial Revoluation was responsible for flourishing CAPITALISM in Britain. | |
| 749. |
Who of the following was a contemporary of Alexander, the Great? |
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Answer» Bimbisara |
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| 750. |
Write any two reasons responsible for the partition of Bengal. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Bengal was a BIG PROVINCE. British GOVERNMENT assessed that it was difficult to govern such a LARGE province. Hence the government decided to divide it. (ii) To increase the communal GAP between Hindu and Muslim and divide them. |
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