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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 551. |
How was the term 'minority' defined by different groups? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) B. Pocker Bahadur of Madras defined the term .minority in terms of community and RELIGIONS. He MADE a powerful plea for continuing separate electorates for the muslim minority. (ii) N.G. Ranga, a SOCIALIST, URGED that the term minority be explained in economic terms. For Ranga, the poor and the downtrodden were the real minorities. (iii) Jaipal Singh, an Adivasi, and Nagappa and other members of the depressed castes described tribals and untouchables as minority because they CONSTITUTED the oppressed groups. (iv) There were linguistic minorities who asked for freedom of speech in their mother tongue and redistribution or remarking of provinces on a linguistic basis. (v) Some defined women as minority on gender basis and asked for equality, justice, social, economic and political, to enable real cooperation between genders - man and woman. |
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| 552. |
Mention any four items found in the graves of the Harappa. |
| Answer» Solution :POTTERY, ornaments, JEWELLERY, shellrings, beads, COPPER MIRROR are found in the GRAVES. | |
| 553. |
Write two important aspects of the speech delivered by Gandhi at Banaras in 1916. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Gandhi stated that the Indian elite had no concern for the labouring poor. (II) Gandhi stated that Indian NATIONALISM was an elite PHENOMENON. So it MUST have mass participation. |
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| 554. |
Dr. Rajendra Prasad, who became the first President of India, was the companion of Mahatma Gandhi. Read out his biography and develop a projection on his entire life. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Do yourself. | |
| 555. |
Why do memories of hatred have not mellowed down in both countries? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) It generated MEMORIES hatreds, stereotypes and identities which still continue to affect the relationship. (ii) The recounting of stories of partition violence by COMMUNAL groups contribute to deepening the divide between communities. (iii)They create feelings of suspicion and distrust and consolidate the POWER of stereotypes. (iv) Hartals and PERCEPTIONS manifest themselves in inter-community conflicts and communal clashes. The memories kept alive the past violence. (v) Four wars betweens India and Pakistan are a legacy of partition. The relationship between India and Pakistan are intensely shaped by the legacy of partition. |
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| 556. |
Why was Rowlatt Act known as Black Law? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(a) Rowlatt Act was passed on the RECOMMENDATION of a committee chaired by Sir Sidney Rowlatt. It was known as Black law as it allowed: (i) Censorship of the PRESS to CRUSH political activities of the nationalist. (II) Permission of detention without trial. |
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| 557. |
Why is James Princep's contribution considered as the historic development in the Indian epigraphy? |
| Answer» Solution :James Princep, was an OFFICER in the mint of the East India COMPANY. His CONTRIBUTION in the DEVELOPMENT of Indian epigraphy and Kharosti scripts used in the earliest inscriptions was that he was able to decipher Brahmi and Kharosti scripts used in the earliest inscriptions and coin. | |
| 558. |
Whichoneof the followingriverswasearlierknown as"Vitasta" ? |
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Answer» Tista |
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| 559. |
Describe the growth of architecture under the Mughals. |
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Answer» Solution :1. Buildings got constructed by Babur: (i) Babur had spent a major part of his period as emperor in wars. Still he got the buildings constructed during whatever little time was left with him, e.g. the splendid mosque located at Kabuli Garden in Panipat and Sambhal in Ruhelkhand, etc. (ii) Besides this Babur had described in his autobiography `Babur Nama. about the interest in the WORK of construction at Sikri, Dhaulpur, Bayana, GWALIOR, etc. 2. Buildings got constructed by Humayun: Humayun kept rolling during his life-time hence he did not get the proper and REQUIRED time for building construction YET he got the mosques constructed atAgra and at Fatehabad in Hissar. 3. Buildings got constructed by Akbar: (i) There was peace, order and wealth during Akbar.s reign. He got the Agra Fort comprising nearly five hundred buildings constructed out of which Diwan-i-Aam. Diwan-i-Khas, Jahangir Mahal, Akbari Mahal, etc, can be pin-pointed as the chief buildings. (ii) The constructed buildings, the chief ones were—Buland Darwaja, Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-khas Jama Masjid, tomb of Sheikh Salim Chisti, Panch Mahal, Jodha Bai.s Palace, Birbal Palace, etc. Leaving aside the tomb of Sheikh Salim Chisti, all the other buildings are made of red stone. 4. Buildings got constructed by Jahangir: (i) Jahangir was chiefly fond of planting gardens and drawing. Marble has been chiefly used therein on valuable and multi-coloured stones. (ii) Jahangir got Akbar.s tomb NAMED Sikandara constructed near Agra. 5. Buildings got constructed by Shah Jahan: (i) The buildings got constructed by Shah. Jahan are fine models of masonry. Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, Sawan Bhadon, Moti Masjid, etc.. (ii) The ceilings and walls had been engraved with costly stones and precious metals like gold and silver which were delineated with natural scenes. 6. Aurangzeb and the fall of art of architecture: (i) He got only the Shahi Masjid constructed at Lahore. (ii) Neither did he take any interest in this direction nor encouraged it. He deemed it as extravagance. |
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| 560. |
Mention the regions of contact as mentioned in Mesopotamian texts. What products are mentioned? Explain in brief. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) MESOPOTAMIAN texts MENTION contact with regions named Dilmun ( ISLAND of Bahrain), Magan and Meluhha, possibly the Harappan region copper was brought from Oman. (ii) The products mentioned are from Meluhha - CARNELIAN, lapis lazuli, copper gold and varieties of wood. |
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| 561. |
Mention any two striking features about the geographical location of Vijayanagara. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The EMPIRE stretched from the river Krishna in the north to the EXTREME south of Peninsula. (ii) It FLOURISHED between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra. |
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| 562. |
What do you know abouut the authors and the period when Mahabharata was compiled? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :There are so many views about the uthor of Mahabharata. Pollowing views have been put forward regarding the authorship of Mahabharata: It is believed that the original story was written by the chariotcer-bards known as Sutas. They originally accompanied Kshatriya warriors to the batlefield and composed poems celebrating their victories and other achievements. It is also believed that the beginning text of Mahalhwrasa was orally rdased Scholars and priests carried it from one generaon to another. From the 5TH cenury BCE, the Brahmanas took over the story and started writing This was the time when KURUS and Panchals were grandully . becoming Kingdoms. This story of Mahalhara also revolved AROUND them. Some parts of the story reflect dhat old social values we replaced by the new ones. c 209 BCE and 210 CE is ancher phase in the COMPOSITION of the Mahabharata During this period worship of Vishu was gining ground. Krishna came to be idenified as Vishau. Large didactic secions resembling Mausms weedded during the period between C 200 and 400 CE These interpretations made the Mahabharaa an composition is raditionally attrilued o a sage named Vyasa. |
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| 563. |
"Coinage plays a valuable role in determning certain period of Indian history." Justify the statement giving two points. |
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Answer» Solution :Coinage plays a valuable role in determining certain periods of Indian history. Here are some instances: (i) Punch-marked coins made of silver and copper (c. sixth century BCE onwards)were amongst the earliest to be minted and used. These were recovered from excavations at a number of sites throughout the subcontinent. Numismatists made several attempts to identify the symbols on punch-marked coins with specific RULING DYNASTIES, including the Mauryas, SUGGESTING that these were issued by kings. It is also likely that merchants, bankers and townspeople issued some of these coins. (ii) The first coins to BEAR the names and IMAGES of rulers were issued by the Indo-Greeks, whoestablished control over the north-western part of the subcontinent c. second century BCE. The first gold coins wete issued c. first century CE by the Kushanas. Some of the most spectacular gold coins were issued by the Gupta rulers. Archaeologists have unearthed several thousand copper coins issued by the Yaudheyas, pointing to the latter's interest and participation in economic exchanges. |
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| 564. |
Examine the problems faced by archaeologists in the interpretation of religious practices of Harappa. |
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Answer» Solution : The problems of archacological interpretation of religious practices are as follows: (i) Early archaeologists thought that certain objects which seemed UNUSUAL or unfamiliar may have had a religious figurines of women, heavily jewelled, some with elaborate head-dresses. These were regarded mother goddes ses. Also structures have been assigned ritual significance such as the Great Bath and fire altars found at KALIBANGAN and Lothal. (ii) Archacologists have examined seals, some of which seem to depict ritual scenes. (iii) Seals with plant motifs, are thought to indicate nature worship. (iv) In some seals, a figure shown seated cross-legged in a yogic POSTURE, sometimes surrounded by animals, has been regarded as a depiction of proto-Shiva. (v) Conical stone objects have been classified as lingas. (vi) Since archaeologists often move from the known to the unknown. While this is plausible in the case of stone querns and POTS, it becomes more speculative when we extend it to religious symbols. For e.g, The proto-Shiva seals, there are conflicting INTERPRETATIONS in Rigveda about Shiva and Rudra. |
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| 565. |
Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow "Proper" social roles story from the Adi Parvan of the Here is a Mahabharat Once Drona, a Brahmans who taught archery to the Kuru princes, was approached by Eklavya, a forest-dwelling nishada (a hunting community) When Drona, who knew the dharma, refused to have him as his pupil, Elklavya returned to the forest, prepared an image of Drona out of clay, and treating it as his teacher, began to practise on own. In due course, he acquired great skill in archery One day, the Kuru princes went hunting and their dog, wandering in the woods, came upon Eklavya. When the dog smelt the dark nishada wrapped in black deer skin, his body caked with dirt, it began bark. Annoyed, Eklavya shot seven arrows into its mouth. When the dog returned to the Pandavas, they were amazcd at this superb display of archery. They tacked down Eklavya, who introduced himself Drona. Drona had once told his favourite student Arjuna, that he would be unrivalled amongst his pupils. Arjuna now reminded Drona about this. Drona approached Eklavya, who immediately acknowledged and honoured him as his teacher. When Drona demanded his right thumb as his fee, Eklavya unhesitatingly cut it off and offered it. But, thereafter when he shot with his remaining fingcrs, hc was no longer as fast as he had been before. Thhus, Drona kept his word: no one was better than Arjuna. Why did Drona refuse to have Eldavya his pupil? |
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Answer» SOLUTION : GURU Drona refused to have Eklavya as his pupil because: (i) He was a forest dweller and belonged to nishada a hunting community). Drona was a Brahman and followed his dharma because according to Dharma-shastra, BRAHMANS were not to teach the lower community |
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| 566. |
Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow "Proper" social roles story from the Adi Parvan of the Here is a Mahabharat Once Drona, a Brahmans who taught archery to the Kuru princes, was approached by Eklavya, a forest-dwelling nishada (a hunting community) When Drona, who knew the dharma, refused to have him as his pupil, Elklavya returned to the forest, prepared an image of Drona out of clay, and treating it as his teacher, began to practise on own. In due course, he acquired great skill in archery One day, the Kuru princes went hunting and their dog, wandering in the woods, came upon Eklavya. When the dog smelt the dark nishada wrapped in black deer skin, his body caked with dirt, it began bark. Annoyed, Eklavya shot seven arrows into its mouth. When the dog returned to the Pandavas, they were amazcd at this superb display of archery. They tacked down Eklavya, who introduced himself Drona. Drona had once told his favourite student Arjuna, that he would be unrivalled amongst his pupils. Arjuna now reminded Drona about this. Drona approached Eklavya, who immediately acknowledged and honoured him as his teacher. When Drona demanded his right thumb as his fee, Eklavya unhesitatingly cut it off and offered it. But, thereafter when he shot with his remaining fingcrs, hc was no longer as fast as he had been before. Thhus, Drona kept his word: no one was better than Arjuna. How did Eklavya react to the demand of his Guru ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Ekalavya's Reaction: (i) Eklavya acknowledged Drona's DEMAND and nonoured his Guru. (II) When Drona DEMANDED his RIGHT thumb as his fee or guru dakshina, Eklavya unhesitatingly cut it off and offered it |
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| 567. |
Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow "Proper" social roles story from the Adi Parvan of the Here is a Mahabharat Once Drona, a Brahmans who taught archery to the Kuru princes, was approached by Eklavya, a forest-dwelling nishada (a hunting community) When Drona, who knew the dharma, refused to have him as his pupil, Elklavya returned to the forest, prepared an image of Drona out of clay, and treating it as his teacher, began to practise on own. In due course, he acquired great skill in archery One day, the Kuru princes went hunting and their dog, wandering in the woods, came upon Eklavya. When the dog smelt the dark nishada wrapped in black deer skin, his body caked with dirt, it began bark. Annoyed, Eklavya shot seven arrows into its mouth. When the dog returned to the Pandavas, they were amazcd at this superb display of archery. They tacked down Eklavya, who introduced himself Drona. Drona had once told his favourite student Arjuna, that he would be unrivalled amongst his pupils. Arjuna now reminded Drona about this. Drona approached Eklavya, who immediately acknowledged and honoured him as his teacher. When Drona demanded his right thumb as his fee, Eklavya unhesitatingly cut it off and offered it. But, thereafter when he shot with his remaining fingcrs, hc was no longer as fast as he had been before. Thhus, Drona kept his word: no one was better than Arjuna. Mention two versions of Guru-Shishya Parampars mentioned in the given extract. |
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Answer» Solution : Guru-Shishya Parampara: (i) Drona kept his PROMISE for Arjuna as Drona had once told his favourite STUDENT Arjuna that he would be unrivalled amongst his Pupils. (II) Drons for keeping his promise for Arjuna compelled Eklavya to CUT off his THUMB and offer it to himself as guru dakshina. (iii) Eklavya acknowledged and honoured him as his guru and following the Guru Shishya Parampara, gave his thumb as guru dakshina to him. |
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| 568. |
Give two importance of Manusmriti? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) It GIVES VITAL information about law and social PRACTICES. (i) It influences the HINDU way of life even TODAY. |
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| 569. |
Name the famous book written by Al-Biruni. Which distinctive method he adopted while writing this text? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The name of the famous book WRITTEN by Al-Biruni is Kitab-ul-Hind. (ii) He adopted a distinctive METHOD in each chapter. Hebeginseachchapterwithaquestion, following up with a description based on Sanskrit tradition. He concluded each chapter with a comparison with other culture. |
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| 570. |
Who were ashvapti and narapati ? |
| Answer» Solution :The SULTANS of the south were CALLED ashvapati, i.e. the LORD of horses while the RAYAS were called narapati, i.e. the lord of MEN. | |
| 571. |
. "Mughal rulers efficiently assimilated heterogeneous populace within an imperial odifice." Support the statement. |
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Answer» Solution :The MUGHAL Kings commissioned court historians and to write accounts of their achievements. Their writers collected vast amounts of information from the regions of the sub continent information from the regions of the sub continent to help the rulers govern their domain. The ideal of the Sulh-i-Kul (ABSOLUTE peace) was implenented through state policies All religions and schools of THOUGHT had freedom of expression but on condition that they dud not undermine the authority of the state or fight among themselves. In Akbar's impenal service, Turani and Iranian nobles were present, Two ruling groups of Indian ongin entered the IMPERIAL service from 1560 onwards the Rajputs and the Indian MUSLIMS |
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| 572. |
Colonial rule was marked by change in social life in the new cities. Justify the statement. |
| Answer» Solution :Social changes took place in various stages in the cities. Cities offered new opportunities for women. Middle-class women sought to express themselves through the medium of journals, autobiographies and books. But many people resented these attempts to CHANGE traditional patriarchal norms. Conservatives feared that the education of women would turn the WORLD upside down, and threaten the basis of the entire social order, even reformers who supported women.s education SAW women primarily as others and wives, and WANTED them to remain within the enclosed spaces of the household. Over time, women became more visible in public, as they entered new professions in the city as domestic and factory workers, teachers, and theatre and film actresses. But for a long time women who moved out of the household into public spaces REMAINED the objects of social censure. | |
| 573. |
What were the Al-Biruni's objectives to come India? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) To help those who wanted to discuss RELIGIOUS QUESTIONS with them. (ii) As a REPERTORY of information to those who wanted to associate with them. |
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| 574. |
Write a note on the discovery of Hampi. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) HAMPI, the CAPITAL city of the Vijayanagara empire, was discovered by Colonel Colin Mackenzie. Mackenzie, who was a well-known engineer, surveyou and a CARTOGRAPHER VISITED Hampi in `1800`. (ii) He prepared the first survey of Hampi. In preparing it he collected most of his information from the priest of Virupaksha and the Pampadevi TEMPLE working as the first Surveyor General of India `(1815-1821)`. (iii) He tried to understand the past of India in a better way. He surveyed historical sites so that their governance could be made easy and efficient. His efforts gave a new impetus to the future researchers. (iv) As early as `1836`, an epigraphist began to collect inscriptions from the Virupaksha temple. He was Alexander Greenlaw. |
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| 575. |
Read the passages carefully and answer the questions that follow: Saddle querns … are found in considerable numbers …. And they seem to have been the only means in use for grinding cereals. As a rule, they were roughly made of hard, gritty, igneous rock or sandstone and mostly show signs of hard usage. As their bases are usually convex, they must have been set in the earth or in mud to prevent their rocking. Two main types have been found: those on which another smaller stone was pushed or rolled to and fro, and others with which or rolled to and fro, and others with which a second stone was used as a pounder, eventually making a large cavity in the neither stone. Querns of the former type were probably used solely for grain, the second type possibly only for pounding herbs and spices for making curries. In fact, stones of this latter type are dubbed "curry stones" by our workmen and our cook asked for the loan of one from the museum for use in the kitchen. What are the two types of querns? |
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Answer» Solution :(a) The first querns were used for grain as SMALLER stone was PUSHED to and FRO over the base stone which were usually converse. (b) The SECOND quern was a pounder eventually making a large cavity in the nether stone. This was only used for pounding herbs and SPICES for making curries. |
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| 576. |
Read the passages carefully and answer the questions that follow: Saddle querns … are found in considerable numbers …. And they seem to have been the only means in use for grinding cereals. As a rule, they were roughly made of hard, gritty, igneous rock or sandstone and mostly show signs of hard usage. As their bases are usually convex, they must have been set in the earth or in mud to prevent their rocking. Two main types have been found: those on which another smaller stone was pushed or rolled to and fro, and others with which or rolled to and fro, and others with which a second stone was used as a pounder, eventually making a large cavity in the neither stone. Querns of the former type were probably used solely for grain, the second type possibly only for pounding herbs and spices for making curries. In fact, stones of this latter type are dubbed "curry stones" by our workmen and our cook asked for the loan of one from the museum for use in the kitchen. What materials were these querns made of? |
| Answer» Solution :The querns were MADE of hard, GRITTY, IGNEOUS ROCK or SANDSTONE. | |
| 577. |
Who were Fa Xian and Xuan Zang? Why did they come to India ? |
| Answer» Solution :Both were Chinese PILGRIMS. They CAME to INDIA in the SEARCH of texts. They took them BACK to China and all texts were translated by the Chinese scholars . | |
| 578. |
Read the passages carefully and answer the questions that follow: Saddle querns … are found in considerable numbers …. And they seem to have been the only means in use for grinding cereals. As a rule, they were roughly made of hard, gritty, igneous rock or sandstone and mostly show signs of hard usage. As their bases are usually convex, they must have been set in the earth or in mud to prevent their rocking. Two main types have been found: those on which another smaller stone was pushed or rolled to and fro, and others with which or rolled to and fro, and others with which a second stone was used as a pounder, eventually making a large cavity in the neither stone. Querns of the former type were probably used solely for grain, the second type possibly only for pounding herbs and spices for making curries. In fact, stones of this latter type are dubbed "curry stones" by our workmen and our cook asked for the loan of one from the museum for use in the kitchen. Mention any two ways in which the archaeologists classify finds and one way they determine the function. |
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Answer» Solution : Archaeologists classified finds as below: • Material: It was made of CLAY, STONES, metal etc. • Functions: They have to see as the objects is a TOOL, COULD have served both the purposes. Functions of finds are determinded by - • The context with present day articles - beads and pots. • The context in which it was found - in a house. • They take the help of indirect things - traces of cotton at Harappan SITES could signify use of cloth was known. |
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| 579. |
Describe people's reactions to the Rowlatt Act of 1919. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Home Rule Movement LED to increase in nationalist sentiments. This led the government to introduce the Rowlatt Act, 1919. (ii) The Act enabled the Government to imprison any person without trial and CONVICTION in the court of law. Possession of nationalist literature made a person liable for imprisonment. These provisions of violation of civil LIBERTIES aroused widespread indignation. (iii) Gandhi organised the Rowlatt Satyagraha Sabha which launched a country-wide hartal accompanied by fasting and prayers. The movement received immense RESPONSE all over India. (iv) Shops shut down and schools closed in response to the bandh call. The protests were particularly intense in Punjab, as many men from there had served on the British side in the first world WAR. |
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| 580. |
Towhat extentdo you think castewas a factor in influencing social and economic relations in agrrariansociety ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Cultivators were divided on the basis of theircaste and other CASTE-likedistinctions or caste-based distinctions. Thus,amongthe PEASANTS were many who worked as agricultural labourers (majurs) or worked as manacles. Thus, they were not allowed to live in villages. Theyresided outside the village and were assigned to do menial TASKS andlacked resources. Thus they werepoverty-stricken. (ii) Castedistinctionshad ALSO begun to permeate othercommunities as well . In Muslim communities menialswere like halakhoron (scavengers). A direct relationexistedbetween caste, poverty andsocialstatus. (iii)In the seventeenth centuryMarwarRajputs aredescribed as peasantsand equated with Jats. Theywere givenaninferiorstatusin the caste hierarchy (v)Castes like Ahirs, Gujjarsand Malisreached on elevated statusin the eastern regions. (iv)Thepastoral and fishingcastes like the Sadgops and Kaivatas acquiredthestatusof peasants. |
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| 581. |
Who of the following published a famous pamphlet known as 'Right of Mass' and urged the people in England, America and France of fight for their liberty ? |
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Answer» Thomos Jefferson |
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| 582. |
What was Pakistan's resolution? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Under Pakistan.s resolution, the Muslim LEAGUE began to demand a MEASURED autonomy for the Muslim-majority AREAS. (ii) It was DRAFTED by Sikandar Hayat Khan. |
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| 583. |
What languages and scripts were found in Ashokan inscriptions? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) ASHOKAN INSCRIPTIONS were written in parkrit language while those in north-west of sub-continent were in ARAMAIC or Greek. (ii) Most Parkrit inscriptions were written in Brahmi script, some in the north-west werewritten in kharosthi. The Aramaic and Greekscripts were USED for inscriptions in Afghanistan. |
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| 584. |
Discuss the development in sculpture and architecture associated with the rise of Vaishnavism and Shaivism. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Vaishnavism and Shaivism are the two branches of Hinduism. (ii) In case of Vaishnavism , Lord Vishnu was regarded as the CHIEF deity . In case of Shaivism Lord Shiva was regarded as the chief deity . (iii) Both traditions were part of the Bhakti movement. Bhakti movement emphasised on the love and devotion of the devotee to the God. (iv) This tradition of Vaishnavism and Shaivism also impacted the tradition architecture and sculpture . The temples developed the house deities temples were SMALL and simple. (v) It was a small room called Garbhagriha. Later it expanded , a tall structure was built on the garbhagriha. It was called Shikhara. The walls of the temple were decorated with suitors. Some temples were built that had huge entrance and big halls for the comfort of visitors . (vi) Many of these temples were carved out of rocks . These artificial caves were trued into temples . The tradition of article caves is old who had renounced the world. The most important were the Ajivikas, that developed as a SECT during the reign of ASHOKA. (VII) Later a good example of the rock - cut temple is the Kailash Nath temple of the 8th century . It was carved out of a single piece rock . There is a copper plate inscription at the temple of Eloora wherein the sculptor exclaims, .. How did I make it. (vii) Sculpture was yet another way of expression . Deities were given many shapes and forms in the sculpture . Shiva has been shown in the form of Linga . Many deities have shown in different forms, sometimes grotesque. |
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| 585. |
Why is 'objectives resolution' of Nehru considered a momentous resolution ? Give any two reasons. |
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Answer» Solution :Objectives resolution was a momentous resolution because. (i) It outlined the DEFINING ideals of the Constitution of Inclependent INDIA, and provided the framework within which the WORK of constitution-making to proceed. (ii) It PROCLAIMED India to be an Sovereign Republic which guaranteed its citizens justice, equality and freedom and safeguards for depre ssed classes. |
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| 586. |
Examine the events that took place during 1920s and 1930s which consolidated the communal identities in the country |
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Answer» Solution : The events that took place during 1920s and 1930s that further consolidated the communal identities in the country are as follows: (i) An important development came in 1906 with the formation of the All India Muslim League at Dhaka. (ii) Muslims were angered by 'Music- before- mosque'. The playing of music by a procession outside a mosque at the time of namaz could lead to Hindu-Muslim (III) The Congress won an absolute majority in five out of eleven provinces and formed governments in seven of them. (iv) Hindus were angered by the rapid spread of tabligh' (Propaganda) and tanzim (Organization) religious violence. after 1923. (V) MIDDLE class publicists and communal activists sought to build greater solidarity within their communities, MOBILISING people against the other community. (vi) Hindu Mahasabha defines Hindu identity in opposition to Muslim identity. (vii) Separate Electorate 1909 for Muslims expanded in 1919, created temptations to use sectarian slogans and divided society |
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| 587. |
In your view, what was the significance of the rituals associated with the Mahanavami Dibba ? |
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Answer» Solution :A (i) The Mahanavami Dibba was a massive place formed in the capital city of Vijayanagara empire, Hampi. It had a base of about `11000 sq.` feet, having a height of forty feet. (ii) The base of the platform was covered with RELIEF carvings, which added to the beauty of Mahanavami Dibba. Here, the Hindu festival Mahanavami or Navaratri were celebrated eith great enthusiasm in the months of September-October. (iii) This festival was celebrated for nine days. It was the time when the Rayas (rulers) of Vijayanagara EXPRESSED their power and prestige. B. On this occasion, following rituals and ceremonies were held: (i) The sacrifice of buffaloes and other ANIMALS were made. Prayers were offered to the state gods and goddess. State horse was worshipped. (ii) Not only this, dances, wrestling and other entertaining items such as procession of caparisoned horses, elephants, and soldiers on their horses were also performed. (iii) On this occasion, the Nayakas and subordinate KINGS offered precious gifts to the RAJA. On the last day, the Raja inspected his army and accepted gifts and tributes. |
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| 588. |
How did the Mughal Empire Maintain records and disseminate information? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Mir Bakshi supervised the court writers and recorded all imperial orders, applications and documents presented to the court. Regional rulers and agents of nobles recorded. The ENTIRE proceedings of the court under the headings "News from the exalted court (Akharat-i-Darbar-i-Mualla)". (ii) The imperial post was very efficient and important documents and news were speedily disseminated throughout the empire. (iii) The Akharat contained all kinds of DIVERSE INFORMATION regarding grant of titles, presents received, diplomatic missions, etc. (iv) By MEANS of a systematic relay of foot runners, imperial orders reached the provinces and the emperor received timely reports from the provincial capitals. (v) The agents of nobles posted outside the capitals, Rajput princes copied the emperor.s announcements and sent the information back to their masters. Thus the empire had a well-developed network for DISSEMINATION of public information. |
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| 589. |
What was the stretch of Vijayanagara empire? By what name were its rulers known ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The Vijayanagara empire was stretched from the RIVER Krishna in the North to the SOUTH of the Peninsula. (ii) The ruler of Vijayanagara CALLED themselves as .RAYAS.. |
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| 590. |
What do you know about Tarabad? |
| Answer» Solution :Tarabad was a famous musician TOWN in Daulatabad. ACCORDING to Ibn Battuta it was the market of both male and female singers. There were also a NUMBER of musical instruments SHOPS. Indeed it was a big and famous town of his TIME. | |
| 591. |
Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to adopt the policy of Non-cooperation against the British in India? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Gandhiji FIRMLY believed that the British Rule in India was established with the cooperation of the LOCAL PEOPLE and still existed due to their cooperation . (ii) He LAUNCHED the policy of Non-cooperation so that he may put an end to the foreign rule and introduce self-rule. |
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| 592. |
Who among the following presented 'The April Theses ' to the Russian people in 1917 ? |
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Answer» STALIN |
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| 593. |
When and by whom was Hampi declared a World Heritage site ? |
| Answer» Solution :Hampi was declared a World Heritage site in `1986` by UNESCO (UNITED Nations Educational Scientific and CULTURAL Organisation ). | |
| 594. |
What are Endogamy and Exogamy? |
| Answer» Solution :Endogamy refers to MARRIAGE WITHIN a unit. This COULD be a kin group, caste or a group LIVING in the same locality. Exogamy refers to marriage OUTSIDE the unit. Whether exogamy was sanctioned and was in accordance to Brahmanical norms whereas endogamy was contrary to Brahmanical norms. | |
| 595. |
Describe the techniques for making beads in the Harappan civilisation. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The technique for MAKING beads was remarkable. It was differed according to the material. (ii) Steatite, a SOFT STONE, was very easy to work, Some moulded beads were made with the help of paste of steatite power. (iii) The beads did not have geometrical form like the ones made out of harder stones. The red colour of carnelians was obtained by firing the yellowish RAW material. (iv) Nodules were chipped into rough shape, later FLAKED into final form. Grinding, polishing and drilling were the last part of the process. |
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| 596. |
Which dynasty did Krishnadeva Raya belong to ? Mention any one of his expansion and consolidation policies. |
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Answer» SOLUTION : Krishnadeva RAYA belonged to the Tuluva dynasty. His main policy was that state remained in a constant state of military preparedness but still flourishcd under conditions of unparalleled peace and prosperity. EG:During his rule the land between the Tungabhadra and Krishna rivers was acquired, the rulers of Odisha were subdued and severc defeats were inflicted on the SULTAN of Bijapur yet there was peace in the EMPIRE. |
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| 597. |
Who had written Harshacharita? What is it about? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Harshacharita had been written by Banabhatta. (II) Harshacharita is the BIOGRAPHY of Harshavardhana, THERULER of Kanauj. Banabhatta has COMPOSED it in Sanskrit. |
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| 598. |
Why did the Fifth Report become the basis of intens: debate in England? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :returns, and notes on the revenue and judicial ADMINISTRATION of BENGAL and Madras (Present day Tamil Nadu) written by officials. From the time the company established its rule in Bengal in the mid-1760s, its activities were watched and debated in England. There were many groups in Britain who were to the pasoddo monopoly. That the EAST India Company had over trade with India and China. These groups wanted a revocation of the Royal Charter that gave the company this monopoly. An increasing number of private traders wanted a share in the India trade, and the industrialists of Britain were keen to open up the INDIAN MARKET for British manufactures. Many political groups argued that the conquest of Bengal was benefiting only the East India Company but not the British nation asa whole. Information, about company misrule and maladministration washotty debated in Britain and incidents of the greed and corruption of company officials were widely publicised in the press. The British Parliament passed a series of Acts in the late eighteenth century to regulate and control company rule in India. |
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| 599. |
Who was V.S. Sukthankar? Describe his achievements. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) V.S. Sukthankar was a noted Indian Sanskritist. Under his LEADERSHIP, the task of PREPARING a critical edition of the Mahabharata was INITIATED. (ii) Sanskrit manuscripts of the text from different parts of the COUNTRY were collected. Verses COMMON to most texts were selected and published in several volumes. |
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| 600. |
Read source given below and answer the questions which follow: "That is very good, Sir-bold words, noble words." Somnath Lahiri said: Well, Sir, I must congratulate Pandit Nehru for the fine expression he gave to the spirit of the Indian people when he said that no imposition from the British will be accepted by the Indian people. Imposition would be resented and objected to, he said, and he added that if need be we will walk the valley of struggle. That is very good, Sir - bold words, noble words. But the point is to see when and how you are going to apply that challenge. Well, Sir, the point is that the imposition is here right now. Not only has the British Plan made any future Constitution ... dependent on a treaty satisfactory to the Britisher but it suggests that for every little difference you will have to run to the Federal Court or dance attendance there in England, or to call on the British Prime Minister Clement Attlee or someone else. Not only is it a fact that this Constituent Assembly, whatever plans we may be hatching, we are under the shadow of British guns, British Army, their economic and financial stronglehold - which means that the final power is still in the British hands and the question of power has not yet been finally decided, which means the future is not yet completely in our hands. Not only that, but the statements made by Attlee and others recently have made it clear that if need be, they will even threaten you with division entirely. This means, Sir, there is no freedom in this country. As Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel put it some days ago, we have freedom only to fight among ourselves. That is the only freedom we have got ... Therefore, our humble suggestion is that it is not a question of getting something by working out this Plan but to declare independence here and now and call upon the Interim Government, call upon the people of India, to stop fratricidal warfare and look out against its enemy, which still has the whip hand, the British Imperialism - and go together to fight it and then resolve our claims afterwards when we will be free. Why was the constituent assembly under the shadow of British guns? |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Interim GOVERNMENT was in place, it could only operate under the direction of the viceroy and the BRITISH government in London. (B) The THREAT of British still loomed large as they were still in India. |
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