InterviewSolution
Saved Bookmarks
InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 451. |
Historical materialism is a tenet of which one of the following political theories? |
|
Answer» Capitalism |
|
| 452. |
Why did the Congress and Muslim League reject the Cripps proposal? |
|
Answer» Solution :Congress: (i)Congress REJECTED the proposals as they AMOUNTED to recognition of the two-nation theory and ignored the interests of the people of the Indian states because states representative were to be appointed by the rulers. (ii) Congress wanted the application of the Atlantic charter to India, which recognised the right of the people to choose their own form of government. It did not promise complete independence in the future. What the mission PROMISED, Gandhiji described —"a post dated cheque on a crashing bank." Muslim League: (i) Muslim league rejected the cripps proposals as they did not MAKE any reference to the establishment of Pakistan and right of self determination to the Indian MUSLIMS. (ii) The other objection was that the cripps proposals were to be accepted or rejected in full. There was no scope of any change in it. |
|
| 453. |
What were the elements of the practice of Sati that drew the attention of Bernier? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) (a) The practice of SATI according to Bernier showed the difference in the treatment of women in Western and astern societies. (b) He noticed how a child widow were forcefully burnt screaming on the funeral pyre while many of the older women were resigmed their fate. (II) (a) Under this cruel practices an alive widow was forcibly MADE to sit on the pyre of her husband. (b) Hands and feet used to TIE and burnt alive. People had no sympathy for her. (c) The widow was an unwilling victim of the sati-practice. (d) She was forced to be a Sati. |
|
| 454. |
Compare and contrast the list of things given to Pandayan chief (source 3) with those produced in the village of Dabguna (source 8) . Do you notice any similarities or differences? |
|
Answer» Solution :As it is mentioned in source .3. people brought some things as gift to SHOW their honour to a winner king . They were ivory fragrant wood, fans made of the hair of DEAR, honey, sandicinal PLANTS, fruits, onions, sugarcame, flowers arecanut, BANANA, etc. In another side (source 8) exempted from obligation to provide items produced in the village of Danguna included grass, skin of animals, salt, flowers , milk . The thimgs that he got in the forest and in the village of Danguna were qyuite different to them. It was due to the availability of the things in these different places. In both the list the only common item is flower: |
|
| 455. |
Figs are two scenes from Sanchi. Describe what you see in each of them, focusing on the architecture , plants and animals , and the activities . Identify which one shows a rural scene and which and which an urban scene, giving reasons for your answer. |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) Figure is a part of the north at Sanchi . All pillars bear carving with various stories from the Budda.s life or past lives . This panel according to art historians depicts the Shyama Jataka. (ii) Boddhisattva born as Shyama, was the only helper for his blind parents . One day he went to the river to bring water , but was killed with an arrow by the KING of Banaras, as he mistook him like a drinking animal. The parents fell into a great sorrow. Indra intervened and brought back Shyama.s life and RESTORED the sight of parents. (iii) The panel is very intricately carved . These are probably lotus creepers with flowers along the margin. (iv) (a) In the panel, two HUTS are shown in which Bodhisattva.s parents shown seated . (b) On the left at the bottom the king as a hunter with a bow and arrow is shown in three deferent poses. (c) Before the river with the lotuses, on the bank is Shyama with the pitcher and seemed Indra was there . (d) Deer and BUFFALOES make the possibility that there is a forest near a village .  (v) In Fig , the panels are part of the Eastern Gateways , north pillar at Sanchi. The panels seem to depict royal figures of goods with their assistants . (vi) The panel is very intricately carved and could be the work of ivory carvers. The pillars are supported with capitals of winged animals seated back to back as elephants, horse, LION. (vii) The panels separated one scene from the other is a border resembling a wooden or bamboo fence . Figure depicts an urban scene. |
|
| 456. |
Within the constituent assembly of India the language issue was intensely debated. Examine the views put forward by the members of the assembly on this issue. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :REFER to NCERT Q6. | |
| 457. |
Define the term Patriliny and Matriliny. |
| Answer» Solution :PATRILINY means TRACING descent from father to son, grandson and so on. MATRILINY TERM is used when descent is traced through the mother. | |
| 458. |
Discuss the functions that may have been performed by rulers in Harappan society. |
|
Answer» Solution :The functions were as follow: (i) There are INDICATIONS of extra ordinary uniformity of Harappan artefacts as EVIDENT in pottery, seals, weights and bricks. Bricks though obviously not produced in any single centre, were of a uniform ratio throughout the region. (ii) Under the guidance and supervision of the rulers, plans and layouts of the city were prepared. Big buildings, tanks, wells granaries were constructed. Roads, lanes and drains were also constructed and cleanliness was maintained under the overall supervision of the ruler. (III) Ruler might have taken interest in economy of the state or city states. He used to inspire the farmer to increase agricultural production.Motivated the craftsmen to promote new handicrafts. Trade, both internal as well as external also promoted. (iv) He used to issue coins, or seals, weights and measurements. During calamities as - flood, earthquake, epidemic, etc. used to PROVIDE grains and other eatables to the affected people, also played active role to DEFEND cities or state from attack. |
|
| 459. |
What does Manusmriti say about the division of paternal property? |
| Answer» Solution :According to Manusmriti, the paternal PROPERTY was divided among the sons after the death of their parents. Elder SON of the society was ENTITLED special share while daughter had no right over paternal property. | |
| 460. |
The immeidate cause of the revival of human rights in post Second World War peroid was |
|
Answer» massive LOSS of lives in the war |
|
| 461. |
What was the important work of Ibn- Battuta? Why was it important? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) The important work of Ibn-Battuta was his book about travels KNOWN as .Rihla.. (II) It was an important work that PROVIDES, RICH and impressive description about the social and cultural LIFE of subcontinent in the 14th century. |
|
| 462. |
Expplain the main features of the Mauryan administration. |
|
Answer» Solution :Main Features of the Mauryan Administration (i) There were five major political centers in the empire. (ii) Pataliputra was the capital of the empire. (ii) Provincial centres were- Taxila, Ujjayini,Tosali and Suvarnagiri. (iv) Suvarnagiri was important for tapping gold mines of Karnataka. (v) Taxila and Ujjayini were probably used for long distance trade routes. (vi) Administrative control was strongest in areas around the capital and provincial. (vii) Capital centers were carefully chosen. (viii) Communication along both land and water was of vital importance for existence of the empire. (ix) Army was imprtant means for ensuring SAFETY and security. (x) Megasthenes mentions a committee with six subcommittees for coordination military activity. (xi) ASHOKA tried to hold the empire by dhamma. (xii) Dhamma ensured well being of the people in this world and the next. (xiii) Ashoka appointed special officers known as Dhamma Mahamatta to spread the message of Dhamma. (xiv) According to Megasthenes-Officers were appointed to different work. Such as some superintended the rivers, MEASURES the land, inspect the sluices by whichwater is let out from the main CANALS into branches, so everyone may have equal supply of it . some officers COLLECT the taxes. |
|
| 463. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow: Draupadi's Marriage Drupada, the king of Panchala, organised a competition where the challenge was to string a bow and hit a target, the winner would be chosen to marry his daughter Draupadi. Arjuna was victorious and was garlanded by Draupadi. The Pandavas returned with her to their mother Kunri, who, even before she saw them, asked them to share whatever they had got. She realised her mistake when she saw Draupadi, but hrergommand could not be violated. After much deliberation, Yudhisthira decided that Draupadi would be their common wife. When Drupada was told about this, he protested. However, the seer Vyasa arrived and told him that the Pandavas were in reality incarnations of Indra, whose wife had been reborn as Draupadi, and they were thus destined for each other. Vyasa added that in another instance a young woman had prayed to Shiva for a husband, and in her enthusiasm, had prayed five times instead of once. This woman was now reborn as Draupadi and Shiva had fulfilled her prayers. Convinced by these stories, Drupada consented to the marriage. How does this story reveal that mother was considered as the highest guru ? |
| Answer» Solution : After Arjuna won the archery contest, DRAUPADI garlanded him. The Pandavas returncd with her to their mother who asked them to SHARE WHATEVER they had brought without looking at them. They accepted her command becausc they regarded her as their greatest GURU. | |
| 464. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow: Draupadi's Marriage Drupada, the king of Panchala, organised a competition where the challenge was to string a bow and hit a target, the winner would be chosen to marry his daughter Draupadi. Arjuna was victorious and was garlanded by Draupadi. The Pandavas returned with her to their mother Kunri, who, even before she saw them, asked them to share whatever they had got. She realised her mistake when she saw Draupadi, but hrergommand could not be violated. After much deliberation, Yudhisthira decided that Draupadi would be their common wife. When Drupada was told about this, he protested. However, the seer Vyasa arrived and told him that the Pandavas were in reality incarnations of Indra, whose wife had been reborn as Draupadi, and they were thus destined for each other. Vyasa added that in another instance a young woman had prayed to Shiva for a husband, and in her enthusiasm, had prayed five times instead of once. This woman was now reborn as Draupadi and Shiva had fulfilled her prayers. Convinccd by these stories, Drupada consented to the marriage. Why didn't Kunti save Draupadi from the dire situation? |
| Answer» Solution :Kunti could not save DRAUPADI from that situation becausc the COMMAND had been given and it could not bc VIOLATED. She was a firm believes of Dharma and her command once given could not be taken BACK. | |
| 465. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow: Draupadi's Marriage Drupada, the king of Panchala, organised a competition where the challenge was to string a bow and hit a target, the winner would be chosen to marry his daughter Draupadi. Arjuna was victorious and was garlanded by Draupadi. The Pandavas returned with her to their mother Kunri, who, even before she saw them, asked them to share whatever they had got. She realised her mistake when she saw Draupadi, but hrergommand could not be violated. After much deliberation, Yudhisthira decided that Draupadi would be their common wife. When Drupada was told about this, he protested. However, the seer Vyasa arrived and told him that the Pandavas were in reality incarnations of Indra, whose wife had been reborn as Draupadi, and they were thus destined for each other. Vyasa added that in another instance a young woman had prayed to Shiva for a husband, and in her enthusiasm, had prayed five times instead of once. This woman was now reborn as Draupadi and Shiva had fulfilled her prayers. Convinccd by these stories, Drupada consented to the marriage. Why did Drupada and Sage Vyasa decide Draupadi's strange marriage with five men ? |
| Answer» Solution :Vyasa gave two EXPLANATIONS. ONE was that all the PANDAVAS were incarnations of Indra and Draupadi was Indra's wife, and according to another explanation, Draupadi in her earlier birth had prayed to Shiva for a husband five times. So, Drupada and Vsasa DECIDED that she would heacommon wife of all the Pandavas. | |
| 466. |
In the Constituent Assembly, the members had to balance between conflicting interests. Explain with examples. |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) India is a country of great diversity. People of different religions and communities have been living here. Members of the constituent assembly also tended to have CONFLICTING opinion, often because they CAME from different communities. (ii) THUS, the Constituent Assembly had to manage between these conflicting opinionsand interests. (iii) Many members of the Constituent Assembly demanded that abattoirs should be closed and cow-slaughter made a criminal offence. (iv) Some people wanted HINDI as a national language and many OTHERS opposed it tooth and nail. |
|
| 467. |
Discuss about significance of the first hill stations of the pre-colonial era. |
| Answer» Solution :(i) As in the case of cantonments, hill stations were a distinctive feature of colonial urban development. The founding and settling of hill stations was initially connected with the needs of the British army. (ii) Simla (present-day Shimla) was founded during the COURSE of the Gurkha War (1815-16), the Anglo-Maratha War of 1818 led to British INTEREST in Mount Abu: and Darjeeling was wrested from the rulers of Sikkim in 1835. Hill stations became strategic places for billeting troops, guarding frontiers and launching campaigns against enemy rulers. (iii) The temperate and cool climate of the Indian hills was seen as an advantage, since the British associated hot weather with epidemics. Cholera and malaria were particularly feared and attempts were made to protect the army from these diseases. (iv) The overwhelming presence of the army made these stations a new kind of cantonment in the hills. These hill stations were also developed as sanitoriums, i.e. places where soldiers could be sent for rest and recovery from illnesses. (v) As the hill stations approximated the cold climates of Europe, they became an attractive destination for the new rulers. It became a practice for Viceroys to move to hill stations during the summer months. (vi) In 1864 the Viceroy John Lawrence officially moved his council to Simla, setting seal to the practice of shifting capitals during the hot season. Simla also became the official residence of the commander-in chief of the Indian army. (vii) The British and other Europeans sought to recreate settlements that were reminiscent of home. The buildings were deliberately built in the European STYLE. Individual HOUSES followed the pattern of detached villas and cottages set AMIDST gardens. (viii) The Anglican Church and educational institutions represented British ideals. Even recreation activities came to be shaped by British cultural traditions. Thus, social calls, teas, picnics, fetes, races and visits to the theatre became common among colonial officials in the hill stations. | |
| 468. |
Explain the importance of the 'sacred centre' in Vijayanagara with special emphasis on Gopurams and Mandapas. |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) The Gopurams were large royal gateway which were the symbols of royal authority. They often dwarfed the towers on the central TEMPLES and indicated the presence of the temple from the great distance. (II) The king was able to command the resources, techniques and skills NEEDED to construct these gateways. (iii) Mandapas or pavilions were CONSTRUCTED in temples and were used for a variety of purposes. The Kalyana-mandapa was used to CELEBRATE the marriages of deities and others were meant for the deities to swing in. (iv) In some mandapas, images of Gods were placed to witness special programmes of music, dance, drama etc. |
|
| 469. |
Mention any two provisions of the Indian Independence Act. |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) The partition of India and the formation of two SEPARATE dominions, India and Pakistan. (ii) Provisions were also made for the DIVISION of the Indian Army between the two dominions and steps were taken to SHARE the ASSETS and liabilities between the two dominions. |
|
| 470. |
According to Shastras only the Kshatriyas could be the king but we find several exceptions to this rule. Explain the statement. |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras compiled between c. 500-200 BCE lay down CODE of social behaviour and ideal order in great details. (ii) Caste status was determined by BIRTH and was PRESCRIBED under the four fold Varna hierarchy. The kshatriyas were to "engage in warfare" protect people, administer justice, study the vedas, get sacrifies performed and give gifts. (III) The Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras explained that only kshatriyas could be kings. However, several important ruling lineages had different origins. (a) Mauryas: Brahmanical texts describe them of low origin while Buddhist texts term them as kshatriyas. (B) The Sungas and Kanvas, the successors of Mauryas were Brahmans. (c) The Shaka rulers were regarded as Mlechchhas, barbarians or outsiders by Brahmans. (d) The Satavahana rulers were Brahmans. |
|
| 471. |
Explain why it (Mahabharata) considered a dynamic text. |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) Mahabharata is a dynamic epic and it contains vivid description of battles, forests, PALACES and settlement. It was originally written in Sanskrit. Today it is available in world.s leading languages. (ii) It depicts an on-going DIALOGUE between the PEOPLE and communities and on another HAND with the authors. Many stories originated in the DIFFERENT region have been incorporated in it. (iii) It has become a big epical text. The main story of the novel have been narrated in different ways. Its many episodes depicted the painting and sculptures prevailing in the society at that time. (iv) These paintings and sculptures provide a wide varieties of themes and performing act like dancing. |
|
| 472. |
Describe the expansion and consolidation of mughal Empire under Jalaluddin Akbar (1556 - 1605). |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) Many people think that Jalaluddin Akbar was the greatest Mughal emperor. Not only he expanded but also consolidated his empire, making it the largest and strongest and richest kingdom of his time. Akbar succeeded in extending the frontiers of the empire to Hindukush mountains and checked the expansionist designs of the Uzbeks of Turan and Safavids of Iran. (ii) During his rule, basic institution of an imperial structure, governmental adminis-tration of centre, provincial and local levels were created. (iii) He laid down the policy of religious tolerance which was SECULAR in nature and harmonious. These policies were not only followed by Aurangzeb but also by Jahangir and Shah Jahan also. (iv) Akbar reforms included effective methods of administration and taxation. The political system devised by the Akbar was based on a combination of military power and conscious policy to accomodate the different traditions. (v) Akbar was not only a GREAT VICTOR but also a brilliant administrator, started the mansabdari system and took steps to boost trade, AGRICULTURE and industry. (vi) He followed a tolerant religious policy. Discriminatory taxes like the pilgrimage tax in 1563 and jizya in 1564 was ABOLISHED and thus ended discrimination with the non-Muslims. (vii) He gave a message of love and brotherhood of mankind. Undoubtedly Akbar was a great emperor. His name will always remain immortal in the history of India. |
|
| 473. |
Why did Jaipal Singh plead for the protection of tribes in the Constituent Assembly ? Explain any two reasons |
|
Answer» Solution :Jaipal Singh plcad for the protection of tribes in the Constitutional Assembly because: (i) Tribes had been dispossessed of the LAND they had settled, deprived of their forests and pastures, and forced to move in search of new HOMES. (ii) Percerving them as primitive and backward, the rest of society had spurned them. Through these points Jaipal Singh wanted the society to mix with the tribes and was not asking for separate ELECTORATES, but he felt that reservaton of scats in the legislature was ESSENTIAL to allow tribals to represent themselves. |
|
| 474. |
Mention one of the most challenging episodes in Mahabharata. |
| Answer» Solution :The most challenging episode was the declaration of Draupadi as the COMMON WIFE of the Pandavas. When Arjun RETURNED HOME after winning the competition of marrying Draupadi, Kunti, the mother of Pandavas, even without seeing her, asked them to share whatever they had got. In this way Draupadi BECAME their common wife. | |
| 475. |
Write the names of gates which formed an integral part of the city. |
| Answer» Solution :The GATES are: (i) Kashmere GATE, (II) Ajmeri Gate, and (III) Turkman Gate. | |
| 476. |
How was patrilineal succession proclaimed in the story of Mahabharata? |
|
Answer» Solution : (i) Patrilineal succession was PROCLAIMED in the story of Mahabharata. (ii) The conflict between the Kauravas and PANDAVAS (cousins) over LAND and power ended in a battle, in which the Pandavas EMERGED victorious. |
|
| 477. |
Discuss the features of Hazara Rama temple. |
|
Answer» Solution :Hazara Rama temple is one of the most BEAUTIFUL temples of Vijayanagara empire. It was constructed by KRISHNADEVA Raya at Hampi in `1520` and was used by the royal family. (i) This temple was used by the ruler and his family as a place of worship. (ii) It was constructed by using both stones and bricks. (iii) The garbhagriha, the Kalyana Mandapa and Viman of this temple are very impressive. (IV) The Maha Mandapa had a hall of many pillars, having four central pillars polished with SHINING black colour. (v) The beautiful figures depicting the scenes of Ramayana are engraved on the walls and pillars. (vi) The scene related to Mahanavami were also engraved on the outer wall of the temple. |
|
| 478. |
Explain how the prosperity of India has been explained by the historians on the basis of Ibn-Battuta's observation. |
|
Answer» Solution :Ibn Battuta TOOK no interest in describing the prosperity of Indian towns and cities. But most of the historian used his deseription to argue that the prosperity to towns and cities depends on the agricultural economies of the villages. (ii) Agriculture was very productive, due to the fertility of the soil. FARMERS were able to GROW TWO crops in a year. Further he mentioned that Indian subcontinent was the part of global network of communication. (iii) In goods such as cotton clothes, fine muslins, brocade and satin were in great| demands in the countries of central andSouth-East Asia. (iv) It indicates that both agriculture and trade was flourishing on towns and cities. (v) Towns and cities also provided exciting OPPORTUNITIES to those who had necessary drive, skill and resources. (vi) Towns had colourful markets. Bazars were the main centres of economic transaction and social and cultural activities. |
|
| 479. |
How did the introduction of railway in 1853 bring a change in the fortunes of tunes? Mention any two changes. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :(i) CENTRE of economic activities began to take shift from one region to other. (II) Railway STATIONS became the hub of collecting RAW materials and distribution of imported material. | |
| 480. |
Examine how the amara-nayaka system was a political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire. |
|
Answer» Solution :The Amar Nayaka System-a political innovation (i) Amara Nayaka System was derived from the Iqta System of the Delhi SULTANATE. (ii) Amara is believed to be derived from the Sanskrit word .Samara. meaning battle or war. (iii) Amara Nayaka were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the raya. (iv) They collected TAXES and other dues from the peasants, traders and craftpersons. (v) They retained some PART of the revenue for maintaining their horses and elephants and land for personal USE. Some part of the revenue was used for maintaining temples etc. (vi) They sent tribute to the king annually. (vii) They personally appeared in the royal court eith gifts to express their loyalty. (viii) Kings occasionally TRANSFERRED them from one place to another. (Any Other Relevant points) (Any two points to be examined) |
|
| 481. |
"Buddha laid stress on right conduct and vaiues." In the light of the above massage, explain his technique on life. |
|
Answer» Solution : According to Buddha, the world istransicnt (anicca) and constantly changing. (i) It is also soulless (anatta) as there is nothing permanent or eternal in it. Within this transient world sorrow (dukkha) is intrinsic to human EXISTENCE. (ii)The path of moderation between severe penance and self indulgence that human beings above these worldly troubles. He advised kings and gahapatis to be humane and erhicat As Buddha- REGARDED the SOCIAL world as the creation of humans rather than of divine origin.can rise. (iii) The Buddha emphasized individual agency and righteous action as the means to escape from the CYCLE of rebirth and attain self-realisation and nibbana, literally the extinguishing of the ego and desire. According suffering for those who renounced the world. (iv) His last words to his followers were, "Be LAMPS into yourselves as all of you must work out your own liberation." |
|
| 482. |
What was the sim of the thinker ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The thinker WANTED to understand the ongoing changes in the society and to FIND out the TRUE meaning of LIFE. | |
| 483. |
Who were known as outcastes? How were they treated? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) Those who performed tasks regarded as "polluting", e.g., handling of corpse and dead animals were regarded as UNTOUCHABLES. e.g. Chandalas. They were OUTSIDE the Varna order and known as outcastes. (ii) Their touch or even their sight was regarded as polluting by the upper castes. They had to live on the outskirts of villages and were not allowed access to roads, wells and bathing ghats. They could not work about in villages and cities at night. (iii) They were only to use DISCARDED clothes, utensils, wear clothes of the dead and iron ornaments. They had to serve as executioners and scavengers. Bodies of those who died without relatives were disposed by them. (iv) Buddhist Chinese MONK Fa Xian wrote that untouchables had to sound a clapper in streets, so that PEOPLE could be warned of their presence, move out of the way and thus avoid seeing them. |
|
| 484. |
What were What has Ibn-Battuta written about the the main features of accounts left by travellers? OR What did travellers write about? |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :Accounts are varied in terms of subject matter and strategies: (i) Some travellers dealt with the ISSUES of the COURTS WHEREAS some others focused on religious issues. (ii) Abdul Razzaq Samarqandi left a vivid description of the city of Vijaynagara in the 15th century. (iii) Some travelled within the subcontinent left interesting accounts of popular customs the folklore and populated traditions. (iv) Some travellers try to adapt to the differences, other, somewhat EXCEPTIONAL, note what they found remarkable. |
|
| 485. |
Name the states that were the hub of the colonial economy and their main function. |
| Answer» Solution : As the hub of the colonial economy, Bombay and Madras FUNCTIONED as collection DEPOTS for the export of Indian MANUFACTURES such as cotton textiles in the eighteenth and nineteenth CENTURIES. | |
| 486. |
Write an essay on Civil Disobedience Movement started by Mahatma Gandhi. |
|
Answer» Solution :The Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 and this mass movement was based on truth and non-violence and was the first important step taken towards complete independence. Various aspects of this movement were as under: (a) Causes: (i) The Simon Commission visited India in 1928. The commission had no member from India. So the people widely opposed the report of the commission when published. It also raised discontent among the people. (ii) The Peasants Movement of Bardoli inspired Gandhi to launch a national movement against the British Rule. (iii) The British government REJECTED recommen dations of the Nehru Report. (iv) Gandhiji put forward a few CONDITIONS before the British Government but all his proposals were rejected. Under these circumstances, Civil Disobedience Movement began against the British Rule. (b) The Progress of Movement:(i) The Civil Disobedience Movement begun with Dandi March. He started his journey from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 March, 1930 and reached Dandi. He reached Dandi on 6 April, 1930 and made a fistful of salt from the sea-water and violated the salt law. (ii) It was the beginning of the movement. It later on spread to different parts of country. To crush this movement, the British adopted repressive measures. Many people were put behind the bars. But it did not dampen the vigour of the people. (iii) A compromise was reached between Gandhiji and the Viceroy. According to this agreement, Gandhiji agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement. He gave his approval to take part in the Second Round Table Conference. (c) End of the Movement:(i) London, 1931, Gandhiji participated on behalf of the Congress in the Second Round Table Conference. No solution could be found for the redressal of Indian problems. Gandhiji felt depressed and returned to India. (ii) On returning to India he relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement. The British Government took repressive measures to control this movement. In 1933, the Congress officially decided to suspend this movement and it was finally withdrawn in May, 1934. (d) Causes for failure:(i) The movement could not utilize the enthusiasm of the common people and was called off and in between dampened its pace. (ii) This movement did not PROVE beneficial for the farmers. (iii) The Congress failed to forward any social and economic programme. As a result of this a new party emerged within the Congress. It was named as Congress Socialist Party. (iv) Some scholars argued that the leadership of this movement was in the hands of the rich who were unable to understand.Besides it had limited objectives. (E) Significance: (i) The import of foreign clothdeclined. (ii)The collection of government revenue was reduced due to picketing of wine shop. (iii) The Indians were permitted to make salt by boiling sea water near the sea-coast. (iv) Political AWAKENING was seen among the farmers, labourers, tribal people and women. All these people had become an inseparable part of national movement. (v) The British Empire got a severe jolt due to emergence of political unity of Indians. |
|
| 487. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow The jotedars of Dinajpur Buchanan described the ways in which the jotedars of Dinajpur in north Bengal resisted betng disciplined by the zamindar and undermined his power: Landlords do not like this class of men, but it is evident that they are absolutely necessary, unless the landlords themselves would advance money to their necessitous tenantry.... The jotedars who cultivate large portions of lands very refractory, and know that the zamindars have no power over them. They pay only a few rupees on account of their revenue and then fall in balance almost every kist (instalment), they hold more lands than they are entitled to by their pottahs (deeds of contract). Should the zamindar's officers, in consequence, summon them to the cutcherry, and detain them for one or two hours with a view to reprimand them, they immediately go and complain at the Fouzdarry Thanna (police station for imprisonment and at the munsiff's (a judicial officer at the lower court) cutcherry for being dishonoured and whilst the causes continue unscttled, they instigate the petty ryots not to pay authority of their revenue consequently.... Mention how the zamindars reprimanded the defiant jotedars |
| Answer» Solution : The zamindars reprimanded them by TAKING them to cuchehary and DETAINING them for some HOURS. | |
| 488. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow The jotedars of Dinajpur Buchanan described the ways in which the jotedars of Dinajpur in north Bengal resisted betng disciplined by the zamindar and undermined his power: Landlords do not like this class of men, but it is evident that they are absolutely necessary, unless the landlords themselves would advance money to their necessitous tenantry.... The jotedars who cultivate large portions of lands very refractory, and know that the zamindars have no power over them. They pay only a few rupees on account of their revenue and then fall in balance almost every kist (instalment), theyhold more lands than they are entitled to by their pottahs (deeds of contract). Should the zamindar's officers, in consequence, summon them to the cutcherry, and detain them for one or two hours with a view to reprimand them, they immediately go and complain at the Fouzdarry Thanna (police station for imprisonment and at the munsiff's (ajudicial officer at the lower court) cutcherry for being dishonoured and whilst the causes continue unscttled, they instigate the petty ryots not to pay authority of their revenue consequently.... Mention the vatious ways in which the jotedars of Dinajpur resisted theauthority of zamindars. |
|
Answer» Solution : The jotedars RESISTED the AUTHORITY of ZAMINDARS in following ways: (i) They paid only few rupees as revenuc. (II) They held more land than what was given them as pattas. (iii) In case of summoning, they approached police- STATION against officials of zamindar |
|
| 489. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow The jotedars of Dinajpur Buchanan described the ways in which the jotedars of Dinajpur in north Bengal resisted betng disciplined by the zamindar and undermined his power: Landlords do not like this class of men, but it is evident that they are absolutely necessary, unless the landlords themselves would advance money to their necessitous tenantry.... The jotedars who cultivate large portions of lands very refractory, and know that the zamindars have no power over them. They pay only a few rupees on account of their revenue and then fall in balance almost every kist (instalment), they hold more lands than they are entitled to by their pottahs (deeds of contract). Should the zamindar's officers, in consequence, summon them to the cutcherry, and detain them for one or two hours with a view to reprimand them, they immediately go and complain at the Fouzdarry Thanna (police station for imprisonment and at the munsiff's (a judicial officer at the lower court) cutcherry for being dishonoured and whilst the causes continue unscttled, they instigate the petty ryots not to pay authority of their revenue consequently.... Describe the ways in which the jotedars undermine the power of zamindars |
|
Answer» Solution :The jotedars undermined POWER of zamindars in following ways (i) They had money power and thus had more infuence over the VILLAGERS (II) They instigated ryots ro not PAY the revenue in case they have any grievance against the zamindars. |
|
| 490. |
(i) Examine the causes and the contribution of the non-cooperation movement to India's freedom struggle. (ii) Why did Gandhiji couple non-cooperation movement with Khilafat movement? |
| Answer» Solution :The MAIN objective of the Noncooperation movement was not to extend any cooperation to the administration THUS rendering it completely crippled. Though the movement was not able to achieve its real motive, it had a significant place in the history of Indian National Movement. As a result, a new political awakening arose among the common masses. It was through this PETITIONS the congress renounced the policy of petritious and requests, confronted the government for the first time. As a result, it started gaining popularity among the common masses. The movement taught common masses lessons in fearlessness, self-dependence and swadeshi and thus prepared a solid and STRONG base for the national movement. | |
| 491. |
Which of the following statements about the new model Unions is/are correct ? 1.The New Model Unions were formed in the 1850s. 2. The New Model Unions were formed in the 1880s. 3. The New Model Unions comprised a Labour Party idea 4. The New Model Unions excluded women in the 1920s. Select the correct answer using the code given below : |
|
Answer» 1 |
|
| 492. |
What did rural society of lndia consist of? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) It was hierarchical with big land OWNERS on top. They enjoyed superior rights in land. (II) At the lower end, there were landless PEASANTS. They were untouchables. (iii) In THEMIDDLE, big peasants, theyused to hire labour to work on their lands. Small peasants had enough to complete their needs. |
|
| 493. |
Kalhana's well-known work 'rajatarangini'is an important source material for the study of which one of the following? |
|
Answer» ANCIENT Kamarupa |
|
| 494. |
"In the late 12 Century, the Chishus adapted to the local environment and adopted features of Indian devotional traditions." Explain. |
|
Answer» Solution :The Chishtis in the subcontinent adapted to LOCAL environment and adopted FEATURES of Indian devotional traditions: (i) Life in the Chishtikhanqah similar to Ashram- The khanqah was the centre of social life. It comprised several small rooms and a big hall where inmates and visitors lived and prayed. The Shaikh lived in a small room on the roof of the hall where he MET visitors in the morning and evening (ii) Hindus Jogis and qalandars travellers came seeking discipleship from the Shaikh.Visitors, pocts such as Amir HASSAN, Amir Khusrau and the court historian Ziyauddin Barani wrote about the Shaikh (iii) They received the patronage of royal visitors. Verses of Baba FARID were incorporated in the Guru Granth Sahib. (iv) Short and longpoems like "PremAkhyan "were attributed to Chishti Sufis. (v) The Chishts accepted donations in cash and kind. |
|
| 495. |
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true for Olympe de Gouges ? 1. She was one of the most important politically active women in revolutionary France. 2. She was one of the members of the Committee that drafted the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen. 3. She wrote the Declaration of the rights of women and citizen. Select the correct answer using the code given below : |
|
Answer» 1 only |
|
| 496. |
Why is the sixtr century BCE ofrer regarded as a major turning point in the early Indian history? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) The 6TH century BCE is GENERALLY as an important turning point in early history. It was an era associated with early states. (ii) This period also EXPERIENCED the development of DIVERSE systems of THOUGHT, including Buddhism and Jainism. |
|
| 497. |
Explain the system of land grants and trade from c. 600 BCE to 600 CE |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) The system of land grants (C. 600 BCE to CE 600): (1) Grants of land were recorded in inscriptions from the carly centurics of the Common Era. Same of these inscriptions were FOUND on stone, but most were on copper PLATES. (2) Land grants were given to reigious institudions or to Brahmanas. Grants called agrahara grants were made to Brahmanas (3) Women were not supposed to have independent access to tesources such as land. However, the inscription clearly indicates that Prabhavati had access to land. (4) Some scholars say, that land grants were indicative of weakening political power, as kings were losing control over their Samantas. RULERS wanted to present themselves as supermen by granting lands. (ii) The system of trade: (1) The land and river router criss-crossed. The subcontinent and extended in different directions from the 6 century BCE. Inland and overland trade existed. (2) These travelled on foot. Whereas, merchants travelled with catavans of bullock carts and pack-animals. (3) There were scafarers also. There ventures were full of risks but highly profitable. Merchants designated as masattuwan in Tamil and Sethi's andSatthava's has in Praknit (4)There was a comprehensive range of goods, which were carried from one place to another such as salt, stone, timber, SPICES and pepper, medicinal PLANTS etc. All these items were transported across the Arabain sea to the Mediterrancan. |
|
| 498. |
What does Ashokan inscriptions tell about the Mauryas?Describe the limitations of the inscriptional evidences. |
|
Answer» Solution :(A) Different type of sources are used to be known about the Maauryas by the historians inscriptions of ASHOKA as described on rocks and pillars are much more important as : (i) They described the five important political centres- Pataliputra, the capital, Taxila, Ujjayini, Tosali and Suvarnagiri as the provincial centres. (ii) Extension of Mauryan empire is BROUGHT in light from present day north -WEST frontier province of Pakistan to Andhra Pradesh, ORISSA and Uttarakhanda in India. (iii) A powerful control was in nearby areas of capital as well as provincial centres. Taxila and Ujjayini were situated on trade routes. (B) Limitations of the inscriptional evidences. (i) Technical limitations. Reconstructions are not sure, as letters are engraved very weak, (ii) The accurate meaning of words, used in inscriptions is not to confirm as they may be unique for a specific place or time. (iii) Historians are regularly debating and trying to find anotherway to read out the inscriptions. (iv) Inscriptions were kept free from agricultural work and happiness and sadness. (v) Content of the inscription almost UNCHANGED the prospects of theperson who commissined them. |
|
| 499. |
Who was Cunningham? Mention any one source he collected to understand the Harappan culture. |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Cunningham was the FIRST Director-General of the Archaelogical SURVEY of INDIA (ASI). (ii) Cunningham used the accounts left by Chinese-Buddhist PILGRIMS who had visited the subcontinent between the 4th and 7th centuries CE to locate early settlements of Harappan civilisation. |
|
| 500. |
What do you know about the Shamans? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Shamans were those people who claimed to have MAGICAL and HEALING POWER. They were men and women, both. They claimed to have power of communicating with the other WORLD. | |