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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 401. |
Attempt a brief note on the Lotus Mahal and elephant stables. |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 402. |
Who is known as globe-trotter and why? OR Why is Ibn-Battuta called as globe-trotter? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) IBN Battuta is known as globe-trotter because he travelled largly for 30 years after setting off from Tangier. (i) He gained knowledge through TRAVELS than books. He visited Mecca as pilgrimage, included Syria, Iraq, Persia, Yemen, Oman, etc. (iii) He travelled to India through central ASIA reached Sind n 1333. He teturiled o EIR homes. PASSED through Multan and Ulaq and arrived Delhi. (iv) He was appointed as Qazi of Delhi by Sultan Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq. (v) He visited South India, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Sumatra before China. He visited Beijing. (vi) He came back home in 1334. |
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| 403. |
Mention any two objectives of the Moderates. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The MODERATES were to lay the foundation of the secular, democratic, national movement and to instill among the people the feeling that they belonged to ONE nation. (ii) They ALSO wished to train people in the art of political AGITATION and expose before them the evil EFFECTS of British rule. |
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| 404. |
Discuss how and why were stupas built ? |
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Answer» Solution : Stupas were relics of the Buddha such as his bodily remains or objects used by him were buried there. According to a Buddhist text known as the Ashokavadana, Ashokadistributed portions of the Buddha's relics to every IMPORTANT TOWNS and ordered the construction of stupas over them. By the second century BCE a number of Stupas, including those at Bhathut, Sanchi and SARNATH had been built. Inscriptions found on the railings and pillars of stupas. Record donations made by WOMEN and men for building and decorating of stupas. Some donations were made by KINGS such as Satavahanas, others were made by guilds, workers who financed part of one of the gateways at Sanchi. The people who mentioned their names sometimes adding the name of the place from where they came, as well as their occupations and names of their relatives. Bhikkhus and bhikkhunis also contributed for building those monuments or stupas. |
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| 405. |
The international body which was formed in Europe (in 1889) to coordinate the efforts of socialists all over Europe was called ? |
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Answer» Social Democratic PARTY |
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| 406. |
How did British dispossess Taluqdars of Awadh during 1857 ? Explain with examples. |
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Answer» Solution : (i) The annexation of Awadh nOt only displa ced the Nawab but also dispossessed the taluqc ars of the region. (ii) In Pre-British times, taluqdars kept armed retain crs, built forts and enjoyed sufficient autonomy as long as they accepted the suzerainty of the Nawab and paid the revenue of their taluq. (III) The British did not want to tolerate the power of the taluqdars. The taluqdars of Awadh were DISARMED and their forts smashed just after the anne tion. (iv) The land revenue policy of the British further undermined the position and authority of the taluqdars. The SUMMARY settlement proceeded to remove the taluqdars. Data show that before the arrival of the British, taluqdars had held 67 % of the TOTAL number of VILLAGES in Awadh, by the summary settlement this number had come down to 38%. |
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| 407. |
How have the Prashastis drawn the factual information about the Gupta rulers? |
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Answer» Solution :Factual information from prashastis about the Gupta rulers: (i) Histories of the Gupta rulers have been reconstructed from Literature, coins and inscriptions, including prashastis, composed in praise of kings by poets (ii) While historians often attempt to draw factual information from such compositions, those who composed and read them treasured them as works of poetry rather than as accounts. (iii) The Prayaga Prashasti (also known as the ALLAHABAD Pillar Inscription) composed in Sanskrit by HARISHENA, the court POET of SAMUDRAGUPTA is a good example. |
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| 408. |
The hattle berween the hoe and the plough was a long one." Substantiate the statement with reference to the Santhals and Paharis of Raj Mahal Hills during 18h century |
| Answer» Solution :Paharis were the main residents of the Rajmahal hills. They practised Jhooming cultivation. They were very close to nature. Tn 1770s, the British embarked on a brutal policy of extermination, hunting the Paharis down and killimg them. Then by the 1780s, Augustus Cleveland, proposed a policy of pacification. But this was REFUSED by Paharis. As the Paharia pacification campaign CONTINUED, the Paharis WITHDREW deep into the mountains carrytng a war with outsiders. But by dhis time, there were NEW intimations of danger from Santhals. Santhals were pouring into the arca, clearing FOREST, cutting down timber, ploughing land and growing rice and cotton. As the lower hills were taken over by Santhal settlers, the Paharia receded deeper in to the Rajmahal hills. If Paharia life was symbolised by the Hoe, the Santhals came to represent the power of plough. | |
| 409. |
Discuss the merits and demerits of the Mansabdarisystem . |
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Answer» Solution :Merit of Mansabdari System : (i) Qualification as basic of ranks :The emperor USED to give mansabs on thebasis of qualifications. The mansab of the incapable personnel was decreased or their services were dispensed with (ii) Forceful army :The removal of mansabdari systemby Akbar JUSTIFIED his wisdom. This stopped the financial loss of the empire and a forceful army was FORMED which was capable of meeting any challenge. (iii) Good on revolts : The mansabdarused to contact the emperor before disbursing the salariestot he soldiers every month . It was not certainthat he might rebel like the jagirdars. (iv)Ban on corruption : As soon as a mansabdardied hsi mansabwas confiscated.Hence, he couldnever intend to earn moneythrough fraudulent means. Demerits of Mansabdari System :(i) Luxurious life: It was KNOWN to the mansabdarsbefore hand that theirmansab will be confiscated on their death. They tried to acquire and enjoy all the commodities of luxury. (ii) Misuse of Money : Themansabdars too becamecunning . The soldiers were not available at eh opportune occasion They had to face a HEAVY financial astringency. (iii)Loyalty of the Soldiers : The soldiers held loyalty towards the mansabdars along who theythought was their immediate bossand disbursing authorityand nottowards the emperor. |
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| 410. |
The bird leaves its nest, which traveller was the term used for? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The TERM was USED for Ibn-Battuta. He left his HOME in very young age (22 years). (ii) He returned to his home in 1354, 30 years after he had set out . |
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| 411. |
Name any three major Buddhist sites which have been marked as 1,2 and 3 on the outline map of India. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :1. Bharhut , 2. AJANTA , 3. Nagarjunakonda | |
| 412. |
How communal identities were consolidated by host of developments other than political in the early 20th century?Explain. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The revivl of vedic learning and North Indian reform organisations reiterration of certainty of Vedas offended the Muslims. (ii) The shuddhi movement was STARTED by the Arya samaj to bring back the Hindus to its told mainly for those who converted to Islam. (iv)Muslims were angered by the cow protection movement and playing music before mosque. The orthodox Muslims saw this as an interference in their peaceful intimacy with God. Hindu Mahasabha sought to build greater solidarity within their community by mobilising PEOPLE against other COMMUNITIES. (vi) Communal riots broke out in various parts of the nation, widening the differences between the two communities. |
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| 413. |
Examine the policies adopted by the British towards the Paharias during early 18h century in Bengal. |
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Answer» Solution : Policics adopted by the British towards the Paharias L (i) In the 1770s the British embarked on the brutal policy of extermination, hunting the Paharias down and killing them. (i) By the 1780s, Augustus Cleveland, proposed a polic of pacification. (II) Paharia CHIEFS were given an annual allowance and MADE responsible for the proper conduct of their men. (iv) Many Paharia chiefs refused the allowances those who accepted lost AUTHORITY within the community and catne to be known as Stipendiarychicfs', (v) The Pahatias withdrew deep in the mountains insulating thems elves from hostile forces and carrying on a war with the outsiders. The brutal repression shaped their perception of British infiltration into the area. (VI) British put Santhals in their arcas which led to conflict between them. |
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| 414. |
Statement I: The Russian Revoluation of 1917inspired the Indian working class movement. Statement II: The non- Cooperation Movement (1921-22) saw the involvement of the indian working class. |
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Answer» Both the STATEMENTS and INDIVIDUALLY true and statement II is the explanation of statement I. |
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| 415. |
Highlight the measures takenr to ensure umty among the rebels of 1857. |
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Answer» Solution :Following measures were taken to ensure unity amung REBELS. (i) The rebel proclamations in 1857 tepeatedly appeated for unity to all sections of-the population, irrespecuve of their caste and creed. (ii) The rebellhon was SEEN as a war in which both Hindus and Muslims had equally to lose or gain. (iii) The ishtahars harked back to the pre-British Hindu-Muslim past and glorified the coexistence of different communities under the Mughal Empire. (IV) The proclamation that was ISSUED under the name of Bahadur Shah appealed to the people to JOIN the fight under the standards of both Muhammad and Mahavir. (v) Fear and suspicion that British wanted Indian to convert Indian to Christianity. |
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| 416. |
Which o the following was/were the feature(s) of Lenin's New Economic policy (NEP) for the Soviet Union ? |
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Answer» 1 only |
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| 417. |
What were the opinions expressed by Bernier regarding Indian Revenue system? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) There was lack of private property. (ii) The Mughal Empire had full CONTROL over LAND resources. (ii) The emperor had divided this land into his the city. land resources. favo able/trusted NOBLES, as Jagir. These Jagirs were not hereditary. They had no right to transfer this Jagir to their descendant. |
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| 418. |
Which of thefollowingis // are NOThistoricalbiography//biographies ?1. Dipavamsa2. Harshacharita 3. Vikramankadevacharita4. Prithvirajavijiaya Selectthe correctanswerfrom thecodegivenbelow : |
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Answer» I only |
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| 419. |
Describe the administrative features of the Mauryan Empire. |
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Answer» Solution :The regions included within the empire were just too diverse. The Empire EXTENDED from Northwest India to Andhra Pradesh, Orissa. It is betteved that admintstrative Control was strongest in areas around the CAPITAL and the provincial centres. These centres were carefully chosen, both Taxila and Ujayini being situated on important long-distance trade routes, while Suvarnagiri (literally, the GOLDEN mountain) was possibly important for tapping the gold MINES of Karnataka. Communication along both land and riverine routes was vital. The army was an important tool for not only extending the territories of the empire but also administering them. Megasthenes mentions a committee with six subcommittees for coordinating military ACTIVITY. Of these, one looked after the navy, the second managed transport and provisions, the third was responsible for foot-soldiers, the fourth for horses, the fifth for and the sixth for elephants. The activities of the second subcommittee were rather varied: arranging for bullock carts to carry equipment, procuring food for soldiers and fodder for animals, and recruiting servants and artisans to look after the soldiers. |
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| 420. |
State any two features of Akbar Nama. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The author of Akbar Nama(the chronicle of a KING), Abu'l Fazl who was a court historian in the reign of Akbar. The Mughal chronicle is based on a range of sources including actual RECORDS of events, official documents and oral testimonies of knowiedgeable person. (ii) The Akbar Nama is divided into three books of which the first TWO are chronicles and the third BOOK is the Ain-i-Akbari. The Akbar Nama provides a detailed description of Akbar's reign in the traditional diachronic sense of recording politically significant events as well as synchronic picture of all aspects of Akbar's empire-geographic social ADMINISTRATIVE and cultural without reference to chronology. |
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| 421. |
What steps did the British take to defend the towns after the revolt of 1857? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) The nature of the colonial City changed in the mid-nineteenth century. After the Revolt of 1857 British attitudes in India were SHAPED by a constant fear of rebellion. They felt that towns needed to be better defended, and WHITE people had to live in more secure and segregated enclaves. (ii) Away from the threat of the "natives". Pastureland and agricultural FIELDS around the older towns were cleared, and new urban spaces called .Civil Lines. were set up. White people began to live in the Civil lines. (iii) Cantonments-places where Indian troops under European command were stationed - were also developed as safe enclaves. These areas were SEPARATE from the Indian towns but still attached to it. (iv) With broad streets, bungalows set amidst large gardens, barracks, parade ground and church: they were meant as a safe haven for Europeans as well as a model of ordered urban life in CONTRAST to the densely builtup Indian towns. | |
| 422. |
Name the two prominent Indian merchants who thought that Calcutta needed to be made more healthy. |
| Answer» Solution :Indian MERCHANTS in the CITY, such as Dwarkanath Tagore and Rustomjee COWASJEE THOUGHT that Calcutta needed to be made more healthy. | |
| 423. |
To what extent are census data useful in reconstructing patterns of urbanisation in the colonial context? |
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Answer» Solution : Patterns: (i) Smaller towns had little opportunity to grow economically, colonial cities like - Bombay. Madras and CALCUTTA grew rapidly as new commercial and administrative centres at the expense of other existing centres. (ii) When England underwent industrial revolution colonial cities which earlier functioned as collection depots for export of Indian manufactures such as cotton textiles, became entry points of British manufactured goods, and points of export of raw materials as cotton. (iii) Reversal in pattern of trade led to sharp differentiation in economic activities of these colonial cities. With the coming of new mode of transport - the railways in 1853, economic activity was shifted from traditional towns located on old RATES and navigable rivers to railway towns. Mirzapur on the GANGES that was a collection point for cotton goods from the Deccan lost out when railway link was made to Bombay. (iv) The expansion of railway network, workshops and railway colonies were established. Railway towns as - Jamalpur, Waltair and Bareilly developed. Whether the census DATA being invaluable source in the study of urbanisation it is not without limitations and historians have cautioned the data is not free from BIASES. |
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| 424. |
On the given political outline maplocate and label the important kingdoms (a) Kushanas, (b) Shakas, (c) Satavahanas, (d) Vakatakas, (e) Gupta |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 425. |
What do you know about Kudirai Chettis ? |
| Answer» Solution :Kudirai Chettis were the local MERCHANT community who traded in horses. They imported horses from ARABIA and Central ASIA. | |
| 426. |
Zammdars were an exploitative class but their relations with the peasantry were based on paternalism and patronage . Give reasons to support your answer. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(a) Bhaktisaints condemned castebased oppression as oppressors or exploiters OFTHE peasantryclass. (b)A number of agrarian uprisings TOOK placein the 17TH century. Zamindars often got support of thepeasantry in their STRUGGLE againstthe state. |
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| 427. |
Explain how Indian partition was a culmination of communal politics that started developing in the opening decades of the 20th century. |
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Answer» Solution :By the end of the 19th century, several nationalist movements had emerged in India. As colonizers, the British had followed a divide-and-rule policy in India. In the census they categorised people according to religion and viewed and treated them as SEPARATE from each other. There was also anidcological divide between the Muslims and the Hindus of India. While there were strong feelings of nationalism in India, by the late 19th century there were also communal conflicts and movements in the country that were based on religious identities rather than class or regional ones. Some people felt that the very nature of Islam called for a communal Muslim society. Separate electorates for Muslims which was created by the colonial government in 1909 and then expanded in 1919, crucially shaped the nature of communal politics. Religious identities thus acquired a functional use within a modern political system and the logic of clectoral politics deepened and hardened these identitics. During the 1920s and early 1930s tension grew around a number of issues. Muslims were angered by music-before-mosque, by the cow protection movement, and by the EFFORTS of the Arya Samaj to BRING back to the Hindu fold (shuddhi) those who had recently converted to Islam. Hindu revivalists also wanted to change the official script from the Persian to the Hindu Devanagari script, effectively making Hindi rather than Urdu the main candidate for the national language. Hindus were angered by the rapid spread of tabligh and organization after 1923. Middle class publicists and communal activists sought to build greater solidarity within their communitics, mobilizing people against the other community. Though Muslim League and Congress joined hands in 1916 but by then communal politics had taken its grip. Though communal divide partition of India but there were several other factors and especially what all transpired in the last decade before independeace There had been some hope of an individed India but the Congress' rejection of the interim gevernment set up under the Cabinet Mission Plan in 1942 convinced the leaders of the Muslim League thitcompromise was impossible and parution was the only course to take. While the Indian National Congress was calling for is a major factor in the hope of an undivided Britain to Quit India, in 1943 the Muslim League passed a resolution demanding the British Divide and Quit. Thus communal politics which STARTED in 1909 paved way for Muslim League's theory, antagonistic INTERESTS of Hindus and Muslims leading to divide of India into Pakistan and India. |
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| 428. |
'The Salt March of 1930 was the first event that brought Mahatma Gandhi to world attention". Explain the significance of this movement for Swaraj. |
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Answer» Solution : (i) Whether Gandhiji had served an advance notice that he would lead a march to break the disliked salt laws. Viceroy LORD Irwin failed to grasp the importance of the action. (ii) The home department was unwilling to accept the fortnightly reports that Mahatma.s actions had evoked enthusiastic responses from the masses. (iii) The march was CONSIDERED as a drama, an antic, adesperate effort to mobilise PEOPLE who were unwilling to rise against the British. (iv) Reports of newspapers reflect the fears and anxieties of officials. They were UNABLE to control the movement and anxious about its spread. (v) The British worried about the basis of its rule. Salt march MADE the British rulers desperately anxious. |
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| 429. |
There were many factors responsible for rise of Magadha. Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :The were many factors responsible for rise of Magadha. They are as follows: (i) Magadha was located in the Gangetic basin, where the soil was very fertile and yield good agricultureproduce. (ii) Land was frtile which yield good harvest. Land revenue was HIGH and it provided huge income for the kingdom. (III) The thick forests supplied timber and elephants. Timber was used in the constructionof houses while elephants were used in the army. (iv) It had large deposits of copper ad ironore. The iron was used to make weapons and agriculture implements. (v) It had a flourishing trade with other regions. Profits from trade helped Magadha to mainain a large army. (VI) It was ruled by a poerful KING. (vii) It enjoyed a favourable geographical location . It.s oldest capital Rajagriha was surrounded by hills on three sides. (viii) The new capital, Pataliputra was situated on the bank of the river Ganga which provided natural barrier against any ATTACK on kingdom. |
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| 430. |
Who was Abdur Razzaq ? |
| Answer» Solution :ABDUR Razzaq was a foreign ambassador in the court of the DEVARAYA II of Vijayanagara empire. He was sent by Persian ruler, Shah RUKH in `1443`. | |
| 431. |
Read the sources given below and answer the questions which follow : Kings and traders Krishnadeva Raya (ruled 1509-29), the most famous ruler of Vijayanagara, composed a work on statecraft in Telugu known as the Amuktamalyada. About traders he wrote : A king should improve the harbours of his country and so encourage its commerce that horses, elephants, precious gems, sandalwood, pearls and other articles are freely imported .... He should arrange that the foreign sailors who land in his country on account of storms, illness and exhaustion are looked after in a suitable manner.... Make the merchants of distant foreign countries who import elephants and good horses be attached to yourself by providing them with daily audience, presents and allowing decent profits. Then those articles will never go to your enemies. (i) Explain the responsiblities of a king mentioned by Krishnadeva Raya. (ii) In what ways had Krishnadeva Raya protected articles from going to his enemies ? (iii) Explain the measures taken by the king to improve the conditions of his country. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) (a) The future of any country depends on trade when the PEOPLE are economically, contented and the king should work for the development of the country. (b) To encourage trade facilities, the exchange of ideas between the countries was made inevitable. (c ) To encourage trade and cheak on import and export of his kingdom. (ii) He made the merchants of DISTINCT foreign countries to be attached with himself by providing them with daily audience, PRESENTS and allowing them decent profits. They were also looked after in CASE of storms, illness, exhaustion, etc. (iii) Measures taken by him to improve the condtions of the country. (a) He improved the harbours. (b) He encouraged commerce. (c ) He MAINTAINED trade relations with other countries. |
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| 432. |
How many forms of marriages were recognised by the Dharmashastras? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The Dharmashashtras recognised eight forms of marriages. (ii) The FIRST four were considered GOOD, while the REMAINING were condemned. Possibly those "condemned" were practised by those who did not accept Brahmanical norms. |
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| 433. |
Explain the Brahmanical norms of marriage. |
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Answer» Solution :According to BRAHMAN authors of the -texts-The Brahmanical NORMS related to kinship and marriage had universal validity and recognition, but it was not so in reality. There were so MANY regional diversities in a large country like India that many complications in social relations DEVELOPED around the country. The Brahmanical norms prohibited marriage between cousins as they were considered blood relatives. This norm was widely followed in North India but in South India it was not followed by many groups. There is a mention of eight types of marriages in the Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras. These are: (i) Brahma Vivah: When children are married under guidance of their parents. (ii) Prajapatya Vivah: When the bride and groom enjoyed equal rights in respect of Dharma, Artha and Karma. (iii) Arsha Vivah: When bride.s father marries his daughter after getting a pair of bulls and cow from groom. (iv) Daina Vivah: Bride.s father WOULD give his daughter.s hand to priest groom. (v) Asura Vivah: When bride was offered to groom in exchange for money-taken. (vi) Gandharva Vivah: It was a type of love marriage. (vii) Rakshase Vivah: The bride was snatched from her family and forcibly married to groom. (viii) Paishacha Vivah: It was the lowest kind of marriages. |
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| 434. |
What do you know about Unionist Party? |
| Answer» Solution :It was the POLITICAL party of Punjab which REPRESENTS the interest of landlords of Hindus,Muslim and Sikh.This Party REMAINED POWERFUL between 1923 to 1947. | |
| 435. |
Explain the ways through which Mughal village Panchayats and village headmen regulated rural Society. |
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Answer» Solution :During the Medieval period, as was the traditional villages, the state did not interfere much in the village affairs except revenue collection and the village affairs were left to the village panchayat. The panchayat was an assembly of elder, usually dominant caste men. Though the village consisted of multilicity of castes but lower castes were seldom repres nted in the village panchayat assembly. The decisis of the panchayats were binding on the MEMBERS. The panchayat was headed by a headman known as muqaddam or mandal who was chosen through the conset sus of the village elders, and this choice had to be ratified by the zamindar. The chief funcion of the headman was to supervise the preparation of village ACCOUNTS and he was assisted by the patwari of the panchayat. The panchayat derived its funds from contributions made by individuals to a common financial pool. Experses for community welfare ACTIVITIES such as tiding over natural calamities such as flood, digging canal ete were also met from these FUND. One important function of the panchayat was to ensun: that caste boundarics among the various comm unities inhabiting the village were Eg Icastern India all marriages were overseen by the mandal. Panchayats also RESORTED to fines and punishments such as expulsion from the community in case any member defied the laws established by the panchayat. Such a meas ure was intended as a deterrent to violation of caste norms In addition to the village panchayat each caste in the village had its own jati panchayat. These panchayats wielded considerable power in rural society. Example+In-Rajnsthan jati panehayats-arbieeatedeivil- disputes such as land disputes, marriage norms, ritual precedence of the castes etc, between members of different castes. |
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| 436. |
Examine the provisions of Subsidiary Alliance System devised by Lord Wellesley in 1798 for India |
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Answer» Solution :Following point example the provision of subsudiary Alliance System : (i) The British would be responsible for protecting thefrlly from external and internal threats to their POWER. (ii) In the territory of the ally, a British armed contingent would be stationed. (iii) The ally would have to provide the resources for maintaining this contingent. (iv) The ally could ENTER into agreements with other ruler or ENGAGE in warfare only with the permission of the British. (v) The ally had to KEEP the resident who was the representative of the Governor General and was not under direct British RULE. |
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| 437. |
The terra-cotta ploug of the Harappancivilizatinon was found at |
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Answer» Mohenjo-daro |
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| 438. |
Which of the followingrulers cheekedHarshavardhana's expediton in South india? |
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Answer» pulakesin I |
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| 439. |
Read the following extract carefully andanswer the questions that follow :TheAin on land revenue collection :Let him (the amil-guzar) not makeit a practce of taking only in cash butalso in kind .The latter is effected in several ways. First, kankut: in the Hindilanguage kan signifies grain, and kut, estimates. . . If any doubts arise, the crops shouldbe cut and estimated in three lots, the good, the middling andthe inferior, and the hesitation shouldbe removed. Often, too, the land takenby appraisement, gives a sufficiently accurate return. Secondly, batai, also called bhaoli , the crops are reaped and stacked and divided by agreementin the presenceof theparties. But in this case several intelligent inspectors are required ,otherwise the evil-minded and false are given to deception. Thirdly, khet-batai, when they divide the fields after they are sown. Fourthly, lang batai, after cuttingthe grain, they form it in heaps and divide it among themselves, and each takes his share home and turns it to profit.1. Explain the kankut system of land revenue.2. Howwas the land revenue assessed in thecase of batai or bhaoli?3. Do you think that the land revenue system of the Mughalswasflexible ? |
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Answer» Solution :1. Kankut system signifies grain estimates.Ifany doubt arises, thecrop should be cut and estimated in three lots - thegood, the middling and the inferior and the hesitation should be removed. 2. Batai also called BHAOLI, the cropsare reaped and divided by agreement in thepresence of the parties. 3. Yes, it was flexible. i. Mughal State tried to first acquire specific information aboutthe extent of the AGRICULTURE lands in empire and what these lands produced before FIXING the burden of taxesonpeople. ii. First tax assessment - (Jama) was made and then actual collection - (Hasil) III. The option of PAYING in cash or kind was available to farmers. iv. The lands were actually measured and then the assessment of revenue made . (Any two points to be examined) (Any other relevantPoints) |
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| 440. |
What did Buddha do after his enlightenment ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) He WENT to SARNATH and taught for the first time ? (II) He spent his rest of life in travelling and TEACHING the PEOPLE . |
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| 441. |
Describe in brief the attitude of Indian National Congress towards Seconds World War. |
| Answer» Solution :CONGRESS was very CLEAR that if British GOVERNMENT was READY to free India after Second World War, It would help the British | |
| 442. |
Who were Satavahanas? What did they do? Discuss. |
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Answer» Solution :The Satavahanas set up a powerful Kingdom in the Deccan and Central India. (i) They were brahmanised and the most famous king Gotamiputra/Siri Satakarni claimed to be a unique Brahmana and the destroyer of the Bride of kshatriyas. (ii) He claims to have established the FOUR fold Varna order which had fallen into DISORDER. He boasts that he put an end to intermarriage amongst members of the four Varnas. At the same time he entered into a marriage alliance with the Shaka king RUDRADAMAN. (iii) The Satavahana rulers were the first rulers to make LAND grants to Brahmanas. The most important detail about Satavahana.s relates to their FAMILY structure. In North India father enjoyed greater importance than mother but the Satavahanas show traces of matrilineal social structure. (iv) The king to be named after his mother. But basically the Satavahana ruling family was patriarchal because succession to the throne passed to the male member. |
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| 443. |
Name the region where the Lottery Committee initiated town planning during the 18th century. Mention any one feature of it. |
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Answer» Solution : A. (i) In 1817, Lottery Committee was constituted to help the GOVERNMENT in carrying out the WORK of town planning in Calcutta. (ii) It was named so, because, it raised the funds through public lotteries, because government did not provide the necessary funds for the development of town planning. B. The commission took various steps for the development of town planning which can be ENUMERATED as follows: (i) It built roads in many parts of city where the Indians lived. (ii) It cleared huts to beautify the city. (iii) It also removed all the ENCROACHMENT from the banks of river Hooghly. (iv) It commissioned a NEW map of Calcutta. |
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| 444. |
This is what Prabhavati Gupta states in her inscription: Prabhavati Gupta…....commands the gramakutumbinas(householders/peasants living in the village), Brahmanas and others living in the village of Danguna… "Be it known to you that on the twelfth (lunar day) of the bright (fortnight) of Karttika, we have, in order to increase our religious merit donated this village with the pouring out of water, to the Acharya (teacher) Chanalasvamin.... You should obey all (his) commands. We confer on (him) the following exemptions typical of an agrahara... (this village is) not to be entered by soldiers and policeman, (it is) exempt from (the obligation to provide) grass, (animal) hides as seats, and charcoal (to touring royal officers), exempt from (the royal prerogative of) purchasing fermentingliquor and digging (salt), exempt from (the right to mines and khadira trees, exempt from (the obligation to supply) flowers and milk, (it is donated) together with (the right to) hidden treasures and deposits (and) together with major and minor taxes.... This charger has been written in the thirteenth (regnal) year. (It has been) engraved by Chakradasa. How did Prabhavati Gupta show her authority through the inscription? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Her AUTHORITY is REFLECTED in the language USED in the inscription. | |
| 445. |
This is what Prabhavati Gupta states in her inscription: Prabhavati Gupta…....commands the gramakutumbinas(householders/peasants living in the village), Brahmanas and others living in the village of Danguna… "Be it known to you that on the twelfth (lunar day) of the bright (fortnight) of Karttika, we have, in order to increase our religious merit donated this village with the pouring out of water, to the Acharya (teacher) Chanalasvamin.... You should obey all (his) commands. We confer on (him) the following exemptions typical of an agrahara... (this village is) not to be entered by soldiers and policeman, (it is) exempt from (the obligation to provide) grass, (animal) hides as seats, and charcoal (to touring royal officers), exempt from (the royal prerogative of) purchasing fermentingliquor and digging (salt), exempt from (the right to mines and khadira trees, exempt from (the obligation to supply) flowers and milk, (it is donated) together with (the right to) hidden treasures and deposits (and) together with major and minor taxes.... This charger has been written in the thirteenth (regnal) year. (It has been) engraved by Chakradasa. How did the inscription give us an idea about the rural population? How did the inscription give us an idea about the rural population? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The inscription gives US information about the rural population at theincription ADDRESSES the householders/peasants LIVING in the village, the Brahmanas and OTHERS living in the village of Danguna. | |
| 446. |
This is what Prabhavati Gupta states in her inscription: Prabhavati Gupta…....commands the gramakutumbinas(householders/peasants living in the village), Brahmanas and others living in the village of Danguna… "Be it known to you that on the twelfth (lunar day) of the bright (fortnight) of Karttika, we have, in order to increase our religious merit donated this village with the pouring out of water, to the Acharya (teacher) Chanalasvamin.... You should obey all (his) commands. We confer on (him) the following exemptions typical of an agrahara... (this village is) not to be entered by soldiers and policeman, (it is) exempt from (the obligation to provide) grass, (animal) hides as seats, and charcoal (to touring royal officers), exempt from (the royal prerogative of) purchasing fermentingliquor and digging (salt), exempt from (the right to mines and khadira trees, exempt from (the obligation to supply) flowers and milk, (it is donated) together with (the right to) hidden treasures and deposits (and) together with major and minor taxes.... This charger has been written in the thirteenth (regnal) year. (It has been) engraved by Chakradasa. Examine the importance of the charter issued by Prabhavati Gupta. |
| Answer» Solution :Charter was a command or order for all living in village and they had to OBEY the commands. It provides INSIGHT into the relationship between cultivators and the state. It ALSO gives an IDEA about rural population who were expected to provide a RANGE of produce representatives. | |
| 447. |
"The Salt March of 1930 was the first event that broughr Mahatma Gandhi to world attention Explain the significance of this movement for Swaraj. |
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Answer» Solution :SALT March of Gandhiji: (i) On 12th March, 1930 Gandhiji began the march from Sabarmati and broke the Salt Law by making salt at Dandi and broke the monopaly of the salt. (ii) Parallel salt MARCHES and protests were also conducted in othet parts of the country. Peasants, factory workers, Inwyers, STUDENTS and local officials joined the march. (iii) During the march Gandhiji told the upper castes that if they want Swaraj they must serve untouchables. Hindus, Muslims, Parsis and Sikhs have to unite and these are the steps towards Swaraj. (iv) The salt march of Gandhiji was reported in the American news magazine, Time. In its Ist report on the march the magazine was deeply sceptical of the salt march reaching its destination. But shortly it changed its view and saluted Gandhi as a 'saint and statesman. (v) Salt march was notable for three reasons: Firstly, this event brought Gandhiji to world attention. It was widely covered by the European and American Press. Secondly, it was the Ist nationalist activity in which women participated in large numbers. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay the socialist activist persuaded Gandhiji not to restrict the protest to men alone.She herself courted arrest by breaking salt and Liquor Laws. Thirdly, the most significant aspect of the Salt Marchwas that it forced the British the realization that theirRaj would not last forever, and they would have to devolve some power to the Indians. (vi) To that cnd British Governiment convened a series of Round Table Conferences in LONDON. First meeting was held in Nov. 1930 without any pre-eminent polit.cal Indian leader and was futile When Gandhiji was released from jail in Jan. 1931,many meetings were held with the Viceroy and it culminated in the 'Gandhi-Irwin Pact' by which civil disobedience would be called off and all prisoners were released and salt manufacture allowed ALONG the coast. Gandhiji represented the congress at Second Round Table Confercnce at London. |
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| 448. |
Historians have provided accounts diplomatic relationships and conflicts with the neighbouring political powers of the Mughal Empire." Elaborate. |
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Answer» Solution :Diplomatic relationship and conflicts with the neighbouting political power of the Mughal Empire (i) Tension and political rivalry between them was due to REGIONAL interests. (ii) The politicalThe political and diplomatic relations between the Mughals and Iran and Turan hinged on the control of the Hindukush mountains. (III) A constant aim of Mughal policy strategic outposts -Kabul and Qandhar. (iv) Qandhar was a bone of contention between the Safavids and the Mughals. (v) In 1613 Jahangir sent a diplomatic envoy to the court of Shah Abbas to plead for retaining Qandhar,was to control but the mission failed. (vi) In the winter of 1622 a Persian army besieged Qandhar. The Mughal GARRISON was defeated and had to surrender the fortress and the city to the Safavids. (vii) The relationship between the Mughals and the Ottomans was marked by the concern to ensure from movement for merchants and pilgrims where the important pilgrim CENTRES of Mecca and Medina were located. (viii) The Mughal emperor usually combined religion and commerce by exporting valuable MERCHANDISE to Aden and Mokha both Red Sea Ports. |
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| 449. |
Describe briefly what the buildings that survive tell us about the way spaces were organised and used in Vijayanagara ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) BUILDINGS that survive are important source for the reconstruction of the PAST. They explain about the spaces which were managed and used as well as materials and techniques used. (II) By fortifications we come to know defence measures and military preparedness of the city. (iii) The buildings elaborate the spread of ideas and cultural effect. They convey the ideas that builders wished to project. The symbols used are reflective in the cultural context. (iv) The other sources of information are combined with literature, inscriptions and popular traditions. Thus buildings are an important source material for reconstruction of the past. (v) But the architectural features do not reflect about the ordinary men, WOMEN, children and vast majority of the PEOPLE. |
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| 450. |
What was the constitution assembly? |
| Answer» Solution :The drafting of the document CALLED the constitution was DONE by an assembly of REPRESENTATIVES called Constituent Assembly. | |