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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 501. |
Explain the sources of revenue of Village Panchayats during the Mughal rule in India. |
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Answer» Solution :Sources of reveue of Village Panclayats during the Mughal RULE in INDIA were: 1. Contribtion made by INDIVIDUALS to a comman financial pool. 2. AGRICULTURAL Taxes |
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| 502. |
Write a note on the Kitab-ul-Hind. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) AI-Biruni.s "Kitab-ul-Hind. is written in simple and lucid Arabic. It contains observation on Indian civilisation. (ii) It is a voluminous text divided into 80 chapters on subjects. It lights upon varied topica such as religion, philosophy, FESTIVALS, customs, social life, WEIGHTS and MEASURES, iconography, laws and METROLOGY. (iii) Al-Biruni adopted a distinctive structure in each area, beginning with a question followed up with a comparison with other cultures. Some historians conclude this NEAR geometric structure which was remarkable for its precision. (iv) Al-Biruni probably wrote his monumental work to acquaint his Ghazavid ruler and peoples living along the frontiers of subcontinent. He was familiar with Sanskrit, Pali and Prakrit texts which had been translated into Arabic. (v) He defines the Hindu caste system by looking for parallels in other societies. |
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| 503. |
Examine various events that led to the partition of British India |
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Answer» Solution :The major four events happened that led to paritition of British India 1. Salt March 2. Quit India Movement 3. Hindu-Muslim conflict 4. Indian Independence. 1. Salt March: On 12 March, 1939 Gandhiji began walking from his Ashram at Sabarmati towards the ocean. Gandhiji wanted to say that the salt is made by nature by any effort, then why British make so much tax on it. 2. Quit India Movement: After failure of Mission, Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch third major movement against British rule. The Quit India campaign, which began in August 1942. It was a mass movement, bringing into its ambit hundreds thousands of ordinary Indians. 3. Hindu-Muslim Conflicts : Eatly in 1946, fresh elections were held to But the seats rescrved for Muslims the leaguc won the provincial legislatures. overwhelming majority Cabinet Mission in 1946 failed to get the Congress and Leaguc to agree on a federal system that WOULD keep India together. On the designated day, 16 August 1946, that wascalled for a "Direct ACTION Day" to press the ue's demand for Pakistan, blood riots broke out in Calcutta and sprcad to rural Bengal, Bihar, PUNJAB and AL ER the country. In some places, Hindu were the main sufferers in other places, Hindus 4. Indian Independence Act : In February 1947, Wavell was replaced as viceroy by Lotd Mountbatten. Mountbatten called one last round of talks, but when these too proved inconclusive, he cOmmon announced that British India would be freed but divided the formal transfer of powcr was fixed for 15 August. |
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| 504. |
Of the religious traditions discussed in this chapter , is there any that is practiced in your neighbourhood ? What are the religious texts used , and how are they preserved and transmitted ? Are images used in worship ? If so , are these similar to or different from those described in this chapter ? Describe the buildings used for religious activities today, comparing them with early stupas and temples. |
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Answer» Solution :The chapter discussed the RELIGIOUS traditions of ancient India which included Hinduism, Jainism , BUDDHISM and so on. As I live in the walled city of DELHI I have seen people practicing all these traditions. The religious textbooks of all religions are preserved and kept with great respect. They have been translated in many languages including many REGIONAL languages of the country. Now they are also preserved in the form of CD and other modern devices. Images are also used by worshippers of these religions . The Hindus deities have almost same images as they had in thepast . Jains and Buddhists also use images. TEMPLES are used by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. Mosques are made by Muslims and churches by the Christians . The structure of all these are different but with some similarities too. |
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| 505. |
Gold and silver after circulating over every part of the world finally buried in India , which is sink of gold and silver . In the context of the statement of Bernier, explainIndia's foreign trade. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) From ancient times India had TRADE relations, carried on brisk trade in sugar, textiles with many countries of SOUTH Eastand West Asia. (ii)The discovery of new trade route, the new worldand coming of Europeantraders. The Portuguess followedby Dutch, English and theFrench. (iii)The most important items were textiles, indigo,spices, SALTPETRE and Sugar. (iv)The articles that India needed to import were certain metals - tinand copper, spices food and medicinalpurposes, warhorses and luxury items. (v)The favourable balance of trade resulted in import of gold and silver . (vi)The Indian merchants became lesserpartnersof foreign traders. (VII)Thegrowth of foreign trade , influx of gold and silver and linking of Indian economy withthe repidly expanding European MARKETS. (viii)It led to expansion of Indian economy the consequences of which among other factors finally led to thecolonisationof India by the British. |
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| 506. |
Where was sacred centre of the Vijayanagara empire situated ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The sacred centre of the empire was SITUATED on the rocky northern END on the bank of Tungabhadra RIVER. | |
| 507. |
What were the major activities of the Lottery Committee? |
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Answer» Solution : A. (i) In 1817, Lottery Committee was constituted to help the government in carrying out the work of town planning in CALCUTTA. (ii) It was named so, because, it raised the funds through public lotteries, because government did not provide the necessary funds for the development of town planning. B. The commission took various steps for the development of town planning which can be enumerated as follows: (i) It built roads in many parts of CITY where the INDIANS LIVED. (ii) It CLEARED huts to beautify the city. (iii) It also removed all the encroachment from the banks of river Hooghly. (iv) It commissioned a new map of Calcutta. |
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| 508. |
What were the demands of the Ahmedabad mill strikers in 1918? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) They demanded a 35% increase in wages. GANDHIJI took a FAST unto death in support of the WORKERS. (II) They mill owners ultimately GRANTED a `35%` increase in their wages. |
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| 509. |
Describe the social changes brought about in the Neo-Colonial cities. |
| Answer» Solution :Social changes took PLACE in various stages in the cities. Cities offered new opportunities for women. Middle-class women sought to express themselves through the medium of journals, autobiographies and books. But many people resented these attempts to change TRADITIONAL patriarchal norms. Conservatives feared that the education of women would turn the world UPSIDE down, and threaten the basis of the entire social order, even REFORMERS who supported women.s education saw women primarily as others and wives, and wanted them to remain within the enclosed spaces of the household. Over time, women became more visible in public, as they entered new professions in the city as domestic and factory workers, teachers, and theatre and film actresses. But for a long time women who moved out of the household into public spaces remained the objects of social censure. | |
| 510. |
What were the problems of piecing together to know Harappan life? |
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Answer» Solution :The knowledge about the Harappan civilisation is poorer than that of the other due to following reasons: (i) The script of that age has HITHERTO not been DECIPHERED. (ii) To know about other civilisation as - Egypt, Mesopotamia, CHINA, etc. was the deciphering of their scripts. We can gather knowledge about the art, LITERATURE, customsdresses, function and religion, etc. (III) Materials like - cloth, leather, wood, etc. decomposed. |
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| 511. |
Mention the architectural features of the Great Bath of Mohenjodaro. |
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Answer» Solution :The most striking of the Great Bath in the citadel area of Mohenjodaro are as follows: (i) It was a great rectangular tank in a courtyard that was surrounded by CORRIDOR on all four SIDES. (ii) There were two flights of steps on the north and south leading into the tank, which was made watertight by setting bricks on edge and using a mortar of gypsum. (iii) There were rooms on three sides, in one of which was a large well to fill the pool with WATER. After periodic CLEANING of the tank, the water was dischargedinto a huge drain. (iv) Across a lane to the north lay a smallerbuilding witheight bathrooms, four on each SIDE of a corridor with drains that ran along the corridor. |
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| 512. |
Name a famous book written by Francois Bernier. In which language was it written? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The FAMOUS BOOK of travels WRITTEN by Francois Bernier is "Travels in the Mughal Empire." It was written in FRENCH. | |
| 513. |
Describe the features of the temple of Vijayanagara empire. |
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Answer» Solution :A (i) Temple building has a long history in southern India. The rulers of the Pallaves, Chalukya, Hoysala and CHOLA dynasties have built many magnificent temples prior to the EMERGENCE of Vijayanagara empire. (ii) The rulers of the Vijayanagara took to the task of temple building to associate themselves with the divine. (iii) The rulers of Vijayanagara empire adopted those architectural techniques which were earlier adopted by the Chola, Hoysala, Pallavas and Chalukyas. The key features are as follows : (i) The tower of the temple was in the shape of a pyramid and it diminished as it went high. (ii) temples had many storeys. (iii) temples were CONSTRUCTED on an open ground. (iv) Magnificent gateways were also constructed to enter the temples. These gateways were CALLED gopuram. B. The rulers of Vijayanagara not only adopted these tradition but also invoked some new techniques. These were as : (i) The temple compound began to increase in size, the reason was that activity related to temples began to increase. (ii) High walls began to be constructed around the temple to safeguard it. (iii) To enter the temples, big gateways, known as Gopuram were built. (iv) There were a big hall in almost all the temples. This Hall was known as Kalyana Mandapa and known for its BEAUTIFUL pillars. (v) In all temples, vast chariots were also built. |
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| 514. |
Critically examine the policies adopted by the Britishers to control Paharias |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Intensely irritated COLONIAL officials tried desperately to control and subdue the Paharias but this task was very difficult. To control the Pahari s the British-embarked on a brutal poliey of externination in the 1770s. (II) By the 1780s, Augustus Cleveland, the Collector of Bhigalpur suggested a policy of pacification. (iii) Paharias Chiefs were given a yearly allowance and MADE responsible for the proper CONDUCT of pacification. (iv) They were expected to keep order in their areas and discipline their own people. Due to pacification campaigns, the Paharias withdrew DEEP into the mountains, separating themselves from hostile forces. |
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| 515. |
Trace out the growth of Buddhism. Explain the main teachings of Buddha. |
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Answer» Solution : Teachings: The world is transient (anicca) and changing CONSTANTLY (ii) It is soulless (anatta) as there is nothing permanent or eternal. (iii) In the transient world, sorrow is intrinsic to human existence. It is by following the pach of moderation between severe penance and self- indulgence that human beings can rise above these wordly TROUBLES. (iv) Buddha emphasised individual AGENCY and righteous action as the means to escape from the cycle of re-birth and attain self-realisation. (v)Extinguish ego and desire to END the cycle of suffering |
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| 516. |
Explain the achievements of the Harappan people in the field of technology and crafts. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) People of Harappan civilisation belonged to the Bronze age. They used many tools and implements of stone but they ACQUAINTED with the manufacture and use of bronze. (ii) Bronze smiths produced not only images and utensils but also tools and weapons such as axes, saws, knives and spears. (iii) Other crafts were bead making. They were in variety of shapes. By firing the yellowish raw material, the red colour of carnelian was obtained. Grinding, polishingand drilling were phases of the process. (iv) A piece of woven cloth was recovered from Mohenjodaro indicated HARAPPANS crafts included Textiles, probably spindle whorls were used for spinning and weavers. Wove cloth of wool and cotton. (v) The huge brick structures marked an important CRAFT, it shows the class of the masons. Boats and ships on seals practised boat making. (VI) Seals are the greatest artistic creationof the Harappan culture which carry short inscription with picture of animals-one horned BULL, the buffalo, the tiger, the goat, the elephant etc. (vii) They made beautiful images of metal-woman dancer, made of bronze. Terracotta manufacturer was also an important craft made of firebaked earthen clay-birds, dogs, sheep, cattle and monkeys. (viii) The gold smiths made jewellery of gold, and precious stone. Harappans produced beautiful pottery: objects of daily use were made of stone and clay. |
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| 517. |
What was the contribution of Jaina scholars in literature ? Where was the manuscripts preserved? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) They produced a wealth of literature in the various languages as - Prakrit, Sanskrit, and Tamil. (ii) Manuscripts of that TEXTS were PRESERVED in libraries which were were ATTACHED to TEMPLES. |
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| 518. |
Write any two features of colonial cities after 1850 in India. |
| Answer» Solution :(i) These were connected through railways. (II) These cities EMERGED as MAJOR centres of export and import and provide employment to job SEEKERS. (iii) They had huge population and CHEAP labour was easily available here. | |
| 519. |
What has Ibn Battuta written about the evidence of agriculture and trade prevalent in the Indian society? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Ibn Battuta has written that Indian agriculture was very productive due to the fertility of the soil. Peasants CULTIVATED two crops in a year. (ii) They mainly grew crops such as wheat, rice, barley, sugarcane, mango, and coconut. (iii) India.s trade both INTERNAL and external was well developed. Indian goods were in great DEMANDS in the countries of central and south-east Asia. Indian woven clothes specially of the cotton, fine muslins, brocade and silk were in great demands. (iv) Rice, wheat and spices were also exported. On other hand, precious stones, horses, IVORY, wooden goods were exported to India by foreign countries. (v) Indian trade was FAVOURABLE and much prosperous at that time. |
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| 520. |
Discuss the social changes that took place in the cities during the nineteenth century |
| Answer» Solution :Social changes took place in various stages in the cities. Cities offered new opportunities for women. Middle-class women sought to express themselves through the medium of journals, autobiographies and books. But MANY people resented these attempts to change traditional patriarchal NORMS. Conservatives feared that the EDUCATION of women would turn the world upside down, and threaten the basis of the entire social order, even reformers who supported women.s education saw women primarily as others and wives, and wanted them to remain within the enclosed spaces of the household. Over TIME, women became more visible in public, as they entered new professions in the city as domestic and FACTORY workers, teachers, and theatre and film actresses. But for a long time women who moved out of the household into public spaces remained the objects of social censure. | |
| 521. |
"Ibn Battuta was fond of travels". Write any two arguments to justify your answer. |
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Answer» Solution :Ibn Battuta was fond of travels. This fact is justified on the arguments given below: (i) He spent nearly 30 years of his LIFE in travelling. (ii) According to him, he could gain and collect more information about the IMPORTANT sources by personally visiting them, rather than depending on other sources. (iii) He went to far-off places to explore new ideas, worlds and new PEOPLE. |
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| 522. |
Why did Buddhism become increasingly popular as a among the mass? |
| Answer» Solution :Buddhism grew RAPIDLY both during the it appealed to many people dissatisfied with existing religious PRACTICES and confused by the rapid SOCIAL changes taking PLACE around them . | |
| 523. |
Describe the two functions of the village Panchayat in the 16th century. |
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Answer» Solution :TWO functions of the PANCHAYAT in 16th century were : (i) To stop VIOLATION of caste NORMS (ii)Development of the villages |
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| 524. |
Discuss biases related to women in agrarian society I the 16th and 17th centuries. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Women in agrarian SOCIETY worked with men in fields as artisans, domestics, in elite homesand even went to markets if necessary. (ii)Mensurating women for instance were not allowed to touch the potter.s wheel in western India or enter the groves where the betel-leaves were grown in Bengal. (iii)The more COMMERCIALISED the product,the GREATER was the demand on women.s labour to produce it . They were viewed as child bearers in a society dependentone labour . Highmortality rates among women owing to malnutrition, frequent pregnancies and death during child birth were prevalent. (iv)Women in peasantandartisan communities unlike among higher groups were bought. Marriages in many rural communities required paymentof bride- price. (v) Women being LOOKED UPON as child bearing resource. There was growingfear of losing the women and they were kept under strict control and vigil by male members of thefamily and community. Draconian punishments were inflicted on women suspected of infidelity while male infidelity was not always punished. |
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| 525. |
Who took AI-Biruni in his captivity and when? |
| Answer» Solution :Al-Biruni was taken into his captivity by MAHMUD of GHAZNI during his invasion on Khwarizm in 1017. He ALONG with many other scholars and POETS were brought to Ghazni as hostage. | |
| 526. |
What do you mean by the term epic? |
| Answer» Solution :Epic means a LARGER POETIC text which narrates the life and ACHIEVEMENTS of the HEROES or the past of the nation. | |
| 527. |
Discues the major features of Mugal provincial administration. How did the centre control the provinces? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Under the Akbar, the empire was divided into subas/province. The divisions of functions established at the centre was replicated in the province. (ii) A governor (subadar), a diwan, a bakshi, a sadr, a qazi and a waqia nawai were appointed to each of the province. Subas were divided into sarkar/districts. They were divided into `parganas.. The lowest unit of administration was the village. (iii) In each suba the diwan was directly subordinate to the Diwan-i-ala. Each suba had a Bakshi who worked under the central Mir Bakshi. (iv) The local administration was looked after at the LEVEL of the pargana (sub-district) by three semi-hereditary officers, the qanungo (keeper of revenue records), the chaudhuri (in CHARGE of revenue collection) and the qazi. (v) Each department of administration maintained a large support staff of clerks, accountants, auditors, messengers, and other functionaries who were TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED officials, functioning in accordance with standardised RULES and procedures, and generating copious written orders and records. |
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| 528. |
Examine why Bernier was against the idea of crown ownership of land in Mughal India. |
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Answer» Solution :Bernier.s assessment about Indian rural society was not correct. It was far away from the truth, but it is not ACCEPTABLE. There are some truth in his DESCRIPTION which are evident from the following facts: (i) ACCORDING to his account, Mughal EMPIRE was the owner of the land and distributed among its nobles. It had a disastrous impact on the society. (ii) According to him the system of .crown ownership of land. was good. It was because the land holders could not pass on their land to their children. They did not make any long TERM investment on the land. (iii) As there was no private property in land, there was not any improvement in the landlord class. This systen ruin agriculture and led to opinion of peasants. |
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| 529. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: A Newspaper Report The following report, titled The ryot and the mone lender', appeared in the Native June, 1876), and was quoted in Report of the Native Newspapers of Bombay: They the ryots) first place spies on the boundaries of th villages to sce if any Govcrnment officcrs come, and to give timely intimation of their arrival to the offenders. They then assemble in a body and go to the houses of their creditors, and demand from them a surrender of their bonds and other docuuents, and thteaten them in case of refusal with assault and plunder. If any Government officer happens to approach the villages where the above is taking place, the spies give intimation to the offenders and the latter disperse in time. Describe how ryots took control over the money lenders ? |
| Answer» Solution :The ryots used to take control over moneylenders by their NUMERICAL strength. SINCE ryots were large in NUMBER, they used to ASSEMBLE in large number and demand the moneylenders to SURRENDER the bonds and threatened them of assaualt and plunder. | |
| 530. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: A Newspaper Report The following report, titled The ryot and the mone lender', appeared in the Native June, 1876), and was quoted in Report of the Native Newspapers of Bombay: They the ryots) first place spies on the boundaries of th villages to sce if any Govcrnment officcrs come, and to give timely intimation of their arrival to the offenders. They then assemble in a body and go to the houses of their creditors, and demand from them a surrender of their bonds and other docuuents, and thteaten them in case of refusal with assault and plunder. If any Government officer happens to approach the villages where the above is taking place, the spies give intimation to the offenders and the latter disperse in time. Explain-the measures-taken-by the ryote to save themselves. |
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Answer» Solution :The RYOTS had their SPIES deputed at the OUTS cirts of village who would inform the ryots of arrival of any BRITISH officials. In case the officials were to approach the place where the agitation against moneylenders was taking place, the spies would inform them before hand and the ryots DISPERSE before the coming of officials. |
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| 531. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: A Newspaper Report The following report, titled The ryot and the mone lender', appeared in the Native June, 1876), and was quoted in Report of the Native Newspapers of Bombay: They the ryots) first place spies on the boundaries of th villages to sce if any Govcrnment officcrs come, and to give timely intimation of their arrival to the offenders. They then assemble in a body and go to the houses of their creditors, and demand from them a surrender of their bonds and other docuuents, and thteaten them in case of refusal with assault and plunder. If any Government officer happens to approach the villages where the above is taking place, the spies give intimation to the offenders and the latter disperse in time. Explain why ryots resorted to robbing the moneylenders. |
| Answer» Solution :Ryots resorted to robbing the moneylenders because ryots were under cxtreme pressure of PAYING the rents EVEN though the prices of cotton was very low. The ryots could hardly manage and they used to borrow from moncylenders but now SEEING the incapaicity of ryots to PAY back, moneylenders refused to lend them. And even if they lent, the moreylenders charged high interest rates and indu ged in fraudulent practices. | |
| 532. |
"The keeping of the exact and detailed record was the major concern of the Mughal administration." Support the statement with examples. |
| Answer» Solution :They were written in order to project a vision of an enlightened kingdom to all those who came under its UMBRELLA They were meant to convey to those who resisted the rule of the MUGHALS. The rulers wanted ensure that there was an account of their rule for posterity. The mir bakhshi supervised the CORPS of court writers who recorded al Applications and documents presented to the court, and all IMPERIAL ORDERS. Agents of nobels and regional rulers recorded the entire proceedings of the court with the date and time of the session. The Akhbharat contained all kinds of information such as attendance at the court, grant of offices and titles, diplomatic missions, presents received or the enquiries. | |
| 533. |
'The most unique feature of Mohenjodaro was the planned urban centre.' Support the staternent with examples. |
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Answer» Solution :Mohenjodaro is most well-known -site for its urban planning and well planned architecture. Most striking features of Mohenjodaro are its big- houses in the lower TOWN and the great bath. There were residential buildings in the lower town. THEUSES were centered at courtyard with rooms on all sides. Every house had its own BATHROOM paved with bricks and it drained into the street drains. Many houses had wells also. On the citadel there were buildings which were USED for special public purposes. Citadel was a whichh was on some height from ground level. There were warehouses made of bricks and wood. The Great bath was also situated in citadel which was platform used for special public purposes such as ceremonial bath etc. The bath was surrounded by a corridor onall four sides, tank in center, stairs on two sides, bathrooms on three sides. Mortar and gypsum was usedThere was a big drain also which tells that the tank was cleaned from time to time. Therefore planned urban centre is most feature of the site of Mohenjodaro. |
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| 534. |
(a) Assess the significance of the salt march in India's freedom struggle. (b) How did the British react to it? |
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Answer» Solution :(b) British REACTION : (i) Whether Gandhiji had SERVED an advance notice that he would lead a march to break the disliked salt laws. Viceroy Lord Irwin failed to grasp the importance of the action. (ii) The home department was unwilling to accept the fortnightly reports that Mahatma.s actions had evoked enthusiastic responses from the masses. (iii) The march was CONSIDERED as a drama, an ANTIC, adesperate effort to mobilise people who were unwilling to rise against the British. (iv) Reports of newspapers REFLECT the fears and anxieties of officials. They were unable to control the movement and anxious about its spread. (v) The British worried about the basis of its rule. Salt march made the British rulers desperately anxious. |
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| 535. |
What was the importance of Kamalapuram tank ? |
Answer» Solution :Kamalapuram tank is in Vijayanagara. This WATER reservoir was built in the `15th` CENTURY. Water from this tank did not only irrigate the fields but also was conducted through a CHANNEL to the Royal CENTRE. 
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| 536. |
Explain Mahatma Gandhi's views on the national language of India. |
| Answer» SOLUTION : REFER to NCERT, Q4. | |
| 537. |
Read the passage given below and answer the question that follow: "No,no ! You can never be ours" This is the third story the researcher related: I still vividly remember a man I met in Lahore in 1992. He mistook me to be a Pakistani studying abroad.Forsome reason he liked me. He urged me to return home after completing my studies to serve the qaum (nation).I told him I shall do so but , at some stage in the conversation, I added that my citizenship happens to be. Indian, All of a sudden his tone changed, and much as he was restraining, he blurted out, " Oh Indian! I hard throught you were Pakistani." I tried my best to impress upon him that I always see myself as South Asian. "No, no ! You can never be ours. Your people wiped out my entire village in 1947, we are sworn enemies and shall always remain so."What did the Indian try to explain? Who was right and why? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(a) The Indian tried to EXPLAIN that he considered himself as a SOUTH Asian. A South Asian may be a Pakistani or an Indian it did not matter. (B) Both were right because they were angry with the bloodshed of 1947. In this bloodshed many people of their village were wipped out. |
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| 538. |
Read the passage given below and answer the question that follow: "No,no ! You can never be ours" This is the third story the researcher related: I still vividly remember a man I met in Lahore in 1992. He mistook me to be a Pakistani studying abroad.Forsome reason he liked me. He urged me to return home after completing my studies to serve the qaum (nation).I told him I shall do so but , at some stage in the conversation, I added that my citizenship happens to be. Indian, All of a sudden his tone changed, and much as he was restraining, he blurted out, " Oh Indian! I hard throught you were Pakistani." I tried my best to impress upon him that I always see myself as South Asian. "No, no ! You can never be ours. Your people wiped out my entire village in 1947, we are sworn enemies and shall always remain so."Why did the man like the researcher? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The man LIKED the researcher because he mistook him to be a Pakistani studying ABROAD. | |
| 539. |
Read the passage given below and answer the question that follow: "No,no ! You can never be ours" This is the third story the researcher related: I still vividly remember a man I met in Lahore in 1992. He mistook me to be a Pakistani studying abroad.Forsome reason he liked me. He urged me to return home after completing my studies to serve the qaum (nation).I told him I shall do so but , at some stage in the conversation, I added that my citizenship happens to be. Indian, All of a sudden his tone changed, and much as he was restraining, he blurted out, " Oh Indian! I hard throught you were Pakistani." I tried my best to impress upon him that I always see myself as South Asian. "No, no ! You can never be ours. Your people wiped out my entire village in 1947, we are sworn enemies and shall always remain so." What did the person advice the researcher who met him in Lahore in 1992? Why did he say like this? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The person ADVISED the researcher that he will return to his nation after completing his STUDIES to serve his quam. He said LIKE this because he has mistaken him to be a Pakistani studying abroad. | |
| 540. |
Which policy was adopted by the rulers of the Vijayanagara empire to control over Amara - Nayakas ? Did this policy succeed ? Give reasons. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) They were USUALLY transferred from one place to another REGULARLY. (II) They had to pay annual tribute to the Rayas and had to personally appear in the royal court to express their loyaltyto the king. This POLICY did not succeed. Many Amara Nayakas their independence by the `17TH` century and established their own states. |
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| 541. |
Who were Lal-Bal-Pal? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) All three were extremist leaders. They led the nation-wide Nationalist movement. Lal: Lala LAJPAT Rai, Bal: BalGangadhar TILAK, Pal: BIPIN CHANDRA Pal. | |
| 542. |
In which language was the Babur's memories written? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Babur.s memories Tuzuk-i-Baburi were ORIGINALLY written in Turkish. (ii) They were translated in PERSIAN as NAMA.. |
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| 543. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :Peasants on the moveThiswas a feature of agrariansocietywhich struck a keen observer like Babur, the first Mughal emperor, forcefully enough forhim to write about it in the Babur Nama, his memoirs: In Hindustan hamlets andvillages, towns indeed , are depopulate and set up in a moment !It the people in a large town , one inhabited for years even, flee from it, they. Do it in such a way that not a sign or trace of themremains in a day and a half. On the other hand, if they fix their eyes on a place to settle, they need not dig water courses because their crops are all rain-grown, and as the population of Hindustan is unlimited it swarms in. They make a tank or a well, they need not build houses or set up walls . . . khas-grass abounds, wood is unlimited, huts are made, and straightaway there is a village or a town !(i) Explain in brief any two aspects of rural life observed by Babur.(ii) Who wrote Babur Nama ?(iii) Write the period expressed in this excerpt .(iv) Why did the peoplesettling at new place not built their houses ?(v) Name the twocategories of rural peasant.(vi) What has been described about the Hindustani hamlets and village in this excerpt ? |
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Answer» Solution :i.(a)Most of the population livedin VILLAGE . (b)The entire agriculture season depends on rainfall. ii.Babur, the founder ofMughal empire in Indiawrote Babur Name as his autobiography. iii.In this excerpt the feature of agrarian society are expressed as observed by Babur. iv.Baecausethey did not permanently settle here v. (a)Khud-Kashta (b)Pahi - Kashta vi.The hamlets and village in INDIA were depopulated as WELL as wetup in a momentThe PEOPLELIVING here run away in sucha way that no trace of them is left behind them. If they madeup their mind to settletheyset up village or TOWN in no time . |
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| 544. |
"By 1922 Gandhiji and transformed Indian nationalism, thereby redeeming the promise hamade in his BHU speech of February 1916. It was no longer a movement of professionals and intellectuals, now, hundreds of thousands of peasants, workers and artisans also participated in it. Many of them venerated Gandhiji, referring to him as their 'Mahatma'. They appreciated the fact that he dressed like them, lived like them and spoke their language, unlike otherleaders he did not stand apart from the common folk, but empathised and even identified with them." In the light of the above passage, highlight any four values upheld by Mahatma Gandhi." |
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Answer» Solution : (i) Buddhism grew rapidly both during the lifetime of the Buddha and after his death. (II) It appcaled to many PEOPLE dissatis fied with existing religious practices and confused by the rapid social changes taking place around them. (iii) The impormnce attached to conduct and values rather than claims of superiority based on birth, the cmphasis placed on metta (fellow fecling) and KARUNA and weaker than oneself, were ideas that drew men and women to Buddhist teachungs (iv) Buddhism grew due to Buddhist rext-Tipitaka (the VINAYA Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka), the Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa Ashokavadaaa Jatakas and Buddhist hagiography (v) Buddhist Sanghas, BHIKKHUS and Bhikkhunis $pread the message. |
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| 545. |
To what extent is it possible to charcterise agricultural production in the sixteenth-seventeeth centuries as subsistence agriculture ? Givereasonsfor your answer . |
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Answer» Solution :(a) During MUGHAL reign, India was basically an agricultural country. In the Mughal stateof India different varieties of crops were produced. In Bengal two varieties of RICES were produced.Butthe focus on the cultivation of basic crops does not MEAN that only subsistence agriculture existed in medieval India. (b) The Mughal state encouraged peasants to cultivate varieties of CROP which brough in revenue especially cottonandsugarcane. (c)Cotton was mainly grown in vast area whichwas spread over central India and the Deccan plateau, WHEREAS in Bengal ugarcane wasmainly produced. (d)Many varieties of cash cropssuch as oilseedsincluding mustard and lentils. (e)an average peasant of that time grew bothcommercial andsubsistence crops. |
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| 546. |
"The granting of titles to the men of merit was an important aspect of Mughal polity" Explain. |
| Answer» Solution :Grand titles were adopted by the Mughal EMPERORS at the time of coronation or after a victory over an enemy. High-sounding and thythmic, they created an atmosphcre of awe in the audience when announced by ushers (naqib). The granting of titles to men of merit was an important aspect of Mughal polity. A man's ascent in the court hierarchy could be traced through the titles he held. The title Asaf Khan for one of the highest ministers originated with Asaf, the legendry minister king Sulaiman (Solomon). The itle Mirza Raja was accorded by Aurangazeb to his two hiighest RANKING nobles, Jat Singh and Jaswant Singh. Titles could be earned or paid for. MIR Khan offered one lakh to Aurangazeb for the letter Alif, that is A, to be added to his NAME to MAKE it Amir Khan. the prophet | |
| 547. |
Who was the author of Humayun Nama? |
| Answer» Solution :GULBADAN BEGUM, HUMAYUN.s sister wrote the Humayun NAMA. | |
| 548. |
Who were Alvars and Nayanars ? Mention the support they got from the Chola rulets. |
| Answer» SOLUTION : Alvars and NAYANARS led the Bhakti movement in Tamil Nadu. Alvars were DEVOTED toBhakri of Lord Vishnu while Nayanars were devoted to bhakti of Lord Shiva. Chola kings built temples devoted to Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu which recreated the visions of these SAINTS. E.g, GANGAIKONDA Cholapuram. | |
| 549. |
Identify the relationship between the Suis and the State from the eighth to the eighteenth century. |
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Answer» Solution : (i) The group of Sufis-the Chishtis, who migrated to India in the late twelfth century adopted the local environment and maintained an influencing relationship with the state. (ii) One of the major feature of the Sufis was austerity including maintaining distance from worldly power. However, they did not maintain the complete isolation from political power. (iii) The Sufis accepted unsolicited grants and donations from political elites. The sultans in turn set up charitable trusts (augaf) as endowments for hospices and tax-free land (inam). (iv) he Chishtis accepted donations in cash and kind. Rather than accumulate donations, they preferred to use these fully on immediate requirements such as food, clothes, living quarters and ritual necessities (such as sama). (v) Akbar visited AJMER Dargah of Khawaja Muinuddinchisti fourteen TIMES to seek blessings for new conquets, fulfilment of vows and the BIRTH of sons. Each of his visits was celebrated by generous gifts, which were recorded in Imperial documents. (vi) Kings did not simply need to demonstrate their association with sufis, they also required legitimation from them. (vii) When the Turks set up the Delhi Sultanate, they imposing they anticipated opposition from their subjects, the majority of whom were non-Muslims. The Sultans then cut the sufis-who derived their authority directly from God-and did not depend on jurists to interpret the shari'a. (viii) In spite of this there were some instances of confticts berweerr Sufis and the Saican, because both wanted to asccrtain their authorities by emphasising on certain rules and regulations. Such ritual INCLUDES kissing of feet and prostration. (ix) Sometimes the Sufi Shaikhs were also adorned with high sounding titles. E.g, Nizamuddin Auliya adorned the TITLE of Sultan Ul Mashaikh (literally, Sultan among Shaikhs). |
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| 550. |
In what way was the Civil Disobedience Movement different from Non-cooperation Movement? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) In the Non-cooperation Movement, the people were asked to boycott school, COLLEGES, offices and law courts and not to COOPERATE with the British Government. (II) Whereas the Civil Disobedience Movement appealed the people to BREAK colonial laws and refused to pay taxes to the government. |
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