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(a) To make the desired model he has patience and some aptitude for this sort of work. It is possible for any reasonably handy person to produce a good model, provided he is prepared to give time and follows the instructions carefully. 

(b) Elementary solid models for which the parts are provided in the kit and they are only to assemble them, with the help of sequential drawing supplied with the kit. 

(c) In the second stage cadets are required to build powered models and sailing yachts out of kits which contains pre-cut parts, marine fittings and construction plan. These steps are followed to enable the ship modeller to finally construct advanced models from full scale plans using only readily available materials. 

1. Colours: The ceremony of hoisting the Naval Ensign and the National flag at the ensign and jack staff respectively 0800 hours on board ship in harbour is called colours. 

2. Sunset: The ceremony of hauling down the national flag and the naval ensign at the time of sunset is called sunset. 

3. Dressing Ship Overall: Ships are dressed overall on the days of national celebrations such as independence and republic day by hosting signaling flags and pennants from jack staff to the foremost to the mainmast into the ensign staff. 

4. Piping the Side: This is a mark of respect accorded to the President, Governors, Defense Minister, Flag officers, Commanding officers, and to all foreign Naval officers in uniform when they to ship. 

5. Launching Cceremony: After the construction of the hull on a ship is launched for the first time into the sea, it is customary to break a coconut on the bow of the ship.

6. Crossing the Line: This is an unofficial ceremony of initiating the new recruits into brotherhood of seas and as subjects of Lord Varuna’s oceanic majesty. This ceremony is conducted when crossed the equator.

Every cadet can fulfill his obligation towards environment individually or collectively by following means :- 

(a) Avoiding cutting of trees and by Planting more trees. 

(b) Not polluting water sources like river, ponds, sea. 

(c) Avoiding use of plastic. 

(d) Avoiding noise pollution. 

(e) Recycling natural resources to ensure their efficient sustainable use. 

(f) Using renewable sources of energy like solar and wind power. 

(g) Saving energy in small matters like switching off fans, lights and other electric gadgets when not needed. 

Carcass Disposal Groups: 

Rotting and undisputed carcasses create unhygienic conditions and have to be disposed off immediately. Their disposal becomes an extremely important task. The members of this group have to be psychologically and physically able to carry out this task and should have been medically protected. They will be imparted appropriate training for carrying out this task. If possible the Civil Defence Volunteers, members from the NSS\boys Scouts can be included in this group. These groups are: 

(i) Command and Control: The overall command and control of the operation rests with the Group Commander. The Group Commander constantly provides feedback to the ADG / DDG who will be monitoring this from the directorate. Group Commander has to nominate a unit to coordinate the operation with one or more flood/cyclone control liaison officers. Telephonic communication will be severely affected in the event of floods. Therefore it is imperative that alternate source of communications are identified and included in the operation. 

(ii) Honours and Incentives: Undertaking tasks in the event of the natural /other calamities is voluntary and organisation driven. It is a service performedoutside call of one's duty and therefore, it requires due recognition. It is encouraging and stimulating to the NCC volunteers to be recognised by the media during their dedicated work. Therefore, the liaison officer must be in constant liaison with the local and national press and electronic media and to ensure wide coverage.

1. Nautical mile: For purpose of navigation. The distance on the Earth surface which represent 1 minute of latitude is as standard measurement at sea and is called a nautical mile (6080 feet).

2. True course: The angle between fore and aft line and the meridian through the position is called true course.

3. Knot: The speed of one nautical mile per hour is called a knot.

4. Pilotage: It is an art of conduction of a ship in the neighbourhood of dangers such as rocks and shoals and in the narrow waters such as harbour channels and canals.

5. Meridian: These are semi great circle joining the poles and are perpendicular to the equator.

6. Latitude: The latitude of a place is the angular distance of the place North or South of the equator.

7. Navigation: It is the art of finding the position of a ship at sea and conduction her safety from one place to another.

8. Equator: The great circle midway between the poles is known as the equator. Every point on the equator is therefore 90 degrees from the poles.

Ureters. Ureters are two tubes, which carry the urine from kidney to Urinary bladder. 

Air and Sound Pollution-Causes 

Air 

• Smoke from industrial plants, locomotives, furnaces etc. 
• Dust, salt particle from oceans, pollens, spores, rust etc 
• Gaseous impurities from chemical manufacturing industries like sulphur dioxide, benzyl, carbon monoxide acid vapour, fumes etc. often combine with air and then intermingle with the smoke already present in the air. 
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in air conditioning 
• Automobile exhaust gases in particular, exhaust from trucks and buses 

Sound 

• Increase in number of vehicles on the road, 
• excessive use of horns 
• increase in number of aircraft in the air. 
• Use of loudspeakers of extremely high wattage at night. 
• Excessive use of fire crackers. 
• Increase in ultrasonic and electromagnetic sound waves from mobile towers. 

Measures to Control Pollution   

• Generating consciousness among public people to control all pollution.
• Planting more and more trees. 
• Banning the use of loud horns or mindless blowing of horns by motor vehicles 
• Making Environmental education compulsory in all educational institutions. 
• Avoiding the excessive use of pesticides and insecticides 
• Strict precautions to avoid pollution of various types in factories 
• Banning running of old and pollution emitting vehicle giving The pollution control Administrative Authorities independent powers to implement their decisions.

(1)Importance of drill 

The primary importance of drill is to prepare troops for combat by rapidly carrying out orders. Ceremonies go hand-in-hand with drill. During a ceremony, troops align in various formations and carry out commands with uniform precision.

• precision. 
• Teach discipline 
• Control of body 
• Team work 
• Correct method of wearing uniform 
• Taking and delivering command 
• Duty, 
• Punctuality, 
• Orderliness, 
• Smartness, 
• Respect for the authorities, 
• Correct work ethos,
• and Self- confidence

(2) Wrong Practices during drill

• Rolling go eyes 
• Hopping and jumping 
• Dragging of foot 
• Clicking the heel 
• Moving figures inside the boots

(3) Important Characteristics of performing drill

• Hard work, 
• Sincerity of purpose, 
• Honesty, 
• Ideal of selfless service, 
• Dignity of labor, 
• Secular outlook, 
• Comradeship, 
• Spirit of adventure
• and Sportsmanship.

Corruption is the defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gains. It hurts everyone who depends on the integrity of people in a position of authority.

Prevention of Corruption:

(a) Proper education of all sections of society regarding ills of Corruption 

(b) Dissuading people from accepting bribes or favours or taking bribes/favours 

(c) Highlighting /reporting of cases of corruption. 

(d) Speedy trial and exemplary punishment for persons involved in corruption. 

(e) Ensuring transparency in all dealings. 

(f) Dealing with corruption in higher echelons. 

(g) Strict implementation of the Prevention of Corruption Act. 

(h) Full freedom to Lok Pal or LokAyukt to investigate cases of corruption. 

(j) Simplifying routine procedures to prevent corruption.

1. Leadership - the responsibility to gather all cadets at the given time for fall-in everyday 

2. Character building - All cadets helped each other during the trek. OR The cadets of all units were given responsibility to distribute food everyday. 

3. Secularism - The NCC song was sung at the closing ceremony. OR All cadets helped each other during the trek. 

4. Sportsmanship - various inter-directorate events of sports, cultural activities and debate were organized and prizes were given

Aeromodelling is the activity involving design, development andflying of small air vehicles. It is a very exciting and interesting way tolearn, apply and understand science and engineering principles. 

The following are the different type of Aero models:- 

(a) Static Models. These are the miniature replicas of original aircrafts. 

The following aircrafts can be prepared as static models. 

(i) Fighter aircraft models. 

(ii) Transport aircraft models. 

(iii) Helicopter models. 

(b) Gliders. 

These are the different types of gliders:- 

(i) Chuck Glider. 

(ii) Catapult Glider. 

(iii) Towline Glider. 

(iv) Free flight Glider. 

(c) Control Line Models. 

The following are the different types of Control Line model:- 

(i) Control Line Aerobatic Model. 

(ii) Control Line Speed Model. 

(d) Radio control Models. 

The following are the different types of Control Line model:-

(i) Radio Control Power. 

(ii) Radio Control Glider. 

(iii) Radio control Helicopter. 

(iv) Jet Powered Model.

A natural resource is any useful product which is produced by nature and is essential for our survival. 

On the firing range firers are divided into 2 groups .

i. The command "savadhan‟ is given to a cadet when speaking to or being addressed by a superior officer. 

ii. The command "vishram‟ is given when addressing by the senior officer is over. 

iii. And to relax the cadets without much of body movement the command "aaram se‟ is given.

The angle formed between the toes in Savadhan position 90 degree.

(c) 15 degrees celsius

In a short tour over a few days 200 kms kilometres are covered.

In Savdhan position the angle formed between the toes of both the feet is 30 degree. 

The following are movement areas in an aerodrome:

(a) Runway, (b) Taxi track or taxiway, (c) Apron, (d) Dispersal.

Runway: These are paved surfaces intended for take-off and landing run of aircraft. The number and orientation of runways at an airfield will depend upon the volume of traffic, runway occupancy time and climatological data on surface winds

Taxiway: These are paved surfaces provided for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another.

Apron: Means that part of an airport, other than the maneuvering area intended to accommodate the loading and unloading of passengers and cargo, the refueling, servicing, maintenance, and parking of aircraft, and any movement of aircraft, vehicles, and pedestrians necessary for such purposes.

Dispersal: an area adjacent to an airfield runway connected to the runway by taxi strips and used for parking airplanes in widely separated positions to protect them from enemy air attacks.

(i) Clarification: This is the removal of suspended matter through filtration, by passing it though filter beds of gravel and sand or through properly sterilized filters.

(ii) Sterilization: This is done by using chlorine gas or bleaching powder.

(iii) Pinking: During cholera epidemic potassium permanganate is mostly used for pinking of wells.

(iv) Precipitation: This is done by adding alum or some similar chemical to water, which makes all impurities accumulate at the bottom and leaves pure water. The purified water is then passed through a filter.

Civil Defence was first established in India on 24 October 1941. 

Answering Sign : By making ‘C’ 

Answering Sign : By making ‘C’

a. Sierra 

b. Whiskey 

c. Romeo 

d. Hotel.

Flag semaphore is the telegraphy system conveying information at a distance by means of visit signals with hand held flags, rods disk, paddles or occasionally bare or gloved hands. 

-Information is encoded by the position of the flags.

-It is read when the flag is in a fixed position.

Field Craft includes the following subjects:- 

(a) Recognition and description of targets. 

(b) Personal camouflage and concealment. 

(c) Judging distance. 

(d) Movement with and without arms.  

GPS- GPS is one of the most important modern navigation aids. This helps us to locate our position to the accuracy of a few hundred meters. All sea going vessels are supposed to have GPS fitted on board for navigation. Modern navies even use GPS for accurate launching of ballistic and continental missiles. We also do plotting to cross check the position given to us by GPS for errors.

 (a) Contours accurately show height, shape and slope of the ground. 

 (b) Contours are shown generally in brown. 

 (c) Height is marked on every fifth contour. 

 (d) Contour lines vary in appearance. 

(e) These lines never touch or cross each other. 

(a) He did his schooling at Sherwood College, Nainital 

(b) Major Somnath Sharma's company (D Company of 4 Kumaon) was ordered to go to Badgam Village in the Kashmir Valley.

(a) Can transmit speech as well as colour video. 

(b) Conduct of video conferences. 

(c) Called subscriber is seen on the monitor. 

(d) High quality of voice. 

(e) Speed of sending/ receiving can be adjusted by the user. 

(f) Map over-lays can be transmitted. 

Global positioning system (GPS) is one of the most important modern Navigational Aid. These help us to locate our position to the accuracy of a few hundred meters. All sea going vessels are suppose to have GPS fitted onboard for navigation. Modern navies even use GPS for accurate launching of ballistic and continental missiles. GPS functions using 14 satellites located at different places in the space. An user gets feed from the various satellites in his range and then gives the position after inter relating all the feeds. This is not fully accurate and must not be fully dependant for navigation. We must also do plotting to cross check the position given to us by GPS for errors. 

Appearance Method. The distance can be judged by noting the detailed appearance of man at various ranges. This is the best method under service conditions. 

The following is a guide to distance:- 

(a) At 200 yards, all parts of the body are distinct. 

(b) At 250 yards, blade of the foresight covers a kneeling man. 

(c) At 300 yards the face becomes blurred. 

Internal negative aspects that are under our control and that we can plan to improve: 

(a) Lack of work experience. 

(b) Low marks, wrong major. 

(c) Lack of goals, lack of self-knowledge and lack of specific job knowledge.

(d) Weak technical knowledge. 

(e) Weak skills (leadership, interpersonal, communication, teamwork). 

(f) Weak job-hunting skills.

Causes of Dowry System. 

(a) Economic Inequality. This fuels the desire to ask for more and more cash or gifts to live a lavish life style. 

(b) Increasing Unemployment of Males. In order to prove their status, unemployed males are growingly demanding more and more dowry to fulfill their desires. 

(c) Parental Compulsions. In order to find a good match for their daughter, well to do parents are offering huge dowry. 

(d) Divine Sanctions. The Vedas prescribe that a dowry be given by the bride’s family to the groom. 

Effects of Dowry System. Due to dowry system there has been an increase in debts and loans, increase in domestic violence, increase in female foeticide, female trafficking and false dowry allegations. Prevention of Dowry. 

As a member of the society we can do a lot to prevent offenses related to dowry:- 

(a) Not to offer or accept any dowry. 

(b) Educate the members of the family with law - that accepting or giving dowry is an offence. 

(c) Educate the members of the family and the neighbours to respect a woman’s rights and privileges. 

(d) Encourage women to fight for their rights. 

(e) Law enforcement.

Air Traffic Control Centre. An organisation established to provide: 

(a) Air traffic control within a control area (where established). 

(b) Flight information service within a flight information region. 

(c) Alerting service for search and rescue within its flight information region.

(a) Female Foeticide 

Female foeticide is the selective abortion / elimination of the girl in the womb, done deliberately by the mother, after the detection of the child‟s gender through medical means. This is usually done under family pressure from the husband or the in-laws or even the woman‟s parents. 

(b) Effects: 

(a) Skewed sex ratio: In India, the number of girls per 1000 boys is declining with each passing decade. From 962 for every 1000 boys in the year 1981, the sex ratio has plummeted to an all-time low of only 914 girls for 1000 boys in 2011. 

(b) Female trafficking: The steep decline in the number of girls makes them scarce for the number of males eligible for marriage. As a solution to this issue, illegal trafficking of women has become commonplace in many regions. Women, often young girls who‟ve just crossed the threshold of puberty, are compelled to marry for a price fixed by the groom-to be. 

(c) Increase in rape and assault: Once women become an endangered species, it is only a matter of time before the instances of rape, assault and violence become widespread. The legal system may offer protection, but as is the situation today, many cases might not even surface for fear of isolation and humiliation on the girl‟s part. 

(d) Population decline: With no mothers or wombs to bear a child (male or female), there would be fewer births, leading to a decline in the country‟s overall population.

Child Abuse - 

(a) Child abuse is an intrinsic part of today’s global attention. Every child is at risk as it does not affect only one religion, caste or creed. 

(b) It is generally observed that the statistics are higher, when the child is at its adolescence. Abuse can be of mental, as well as physical, or both. 

Definition. Child abuse constitutes all forms of physical and / or emotional illtreatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity. Forms of Child Abuse. 

Child Abuse can be of following forms:- (a) Physical Abuse. Causing physical injury upon a child. This may include hitting, shaking, kicking, beating, or otherwise harming a child physically. 

(b) Emotional Abuse. Emotional abuse (also known as verbal abuse, mental abuse) means, causing behavioral, emotional, or mental distress/trauma, by acts or the failure to act by others. 

(c) Sexual Abuse. Sexual abuse is inappropriate sexual behaviour with a child. 

(d) Child Neglect. Child neglect is an act of omission or commission leading to the denial of a child’s basic needs. 

Child Abuse India. A national study on child abuse conducted in 2006 by Ministry of Child and Women Welfare found that it is 5-12 year age group children who are most at risk of abuse and exploitation. Over 50% children were subjected to physical abuse and 53.22% children reported facing sexual abuse.

The engine cylinder and spark plug with regard to piston engine :

(a) Engine cylinder: It provides the housing for the piston to move up and down during various strokes. 

(b) Spark plug: It is fitted on the cylinder head to give spark at the plug points to ignite the mixture in the cylinder. 

The term ‘Social Service’ is defined broadly as, the provisions made by governmental or voluntary efforts to meet income maintenance, medical care, housing, education and recreational needs and provisions, for the care and protection of recognized special groups.

(a) Social Case Work: This aims to help the individual make maximum use of the established community, through understanding the individual in his total situation.

(b) Social Group Work: It seeks to help the individuals utilize their fullest capacity for their own welfare and for the welfare of the group as a whole, through understanding of the behavior of individuals in a group setting.

(c) Community Organization: It attempts to help groups of individuals or groups of agencies to work together so that their combined efforts will be useful for the social welfare of the whole community. 

Self-awareness is a personal understanding of the very core of one‟s own identity. Self-awareness includes our recognition of ourselves, our character, strengths, weaknesses, desires and dislikes. 

Dimensions of Self Awareness 

(a) Self–realization: Self-realization in the ultimate of self-awareness. It occurs when one understands one‟s self and the reason for one‟s existence in the world. 

(b) Self-knowledge or self-exploration: 

This is a process through which we undo or explore ourselves. This exploration, understanding and knowledge are regarding three areas:- 

(i) Physical self- knowledge about our own body; 

(ii) Social self – knowledge about how we relate and interact with society; whether we are social, extroverts or introverts; helping nature; empathetic, etc. 

(iii) Inner self– knowledge about our goals, dreams, aspirations, secrets, fears, etc. 

(c) Self-Esteem: Self-esteem or self-worth includes a person‟s subjective appraisal of himself or herself as intrinsically positive or negative to some degree. Developing high self- esteem would improve our self-confidence, the way we look at ourselves, what we can do for ourselves, our well-being, our relationships and our happiness. 

(d) Self-confidence: Self-confidence builds on self-esteem and this is possible only when one is completely aware about one‟s abilities and limits. Success, appreciation, care, love etc., are factors that boost one‟s self-confidence. 

(e) Self-talk: There are automatic thoughts that can be positive or negative. There are endless talks and conversations that run through our minds throughout the day. Some of our self- talk comes from logic and reason. Other self-talk may arise from misconceptions that we create because of the lack of information. Self-talk is an important strategy for raising ones‟ selfconfidence, only if one practises positive thinking. 

(f) Self-Motivation: Self-motivation is what makes an individual work towards a goal or target, not for external reasons but because of his/her own internal will. It is an important quality required by everybody to do various activities like studying, working, earning and building relationships. 

(g) Self-Image: Self-image is how one perceives himself/herself – positively or negatively. Self-image is important because, how one feels and thinks about himself/herself effects the way he/she acts. Self-image about our body is called body image, which is very often a cause for low self-esteem. By body image, one keeps in mind both internal and external aspects. 

(h) Self-Control: The ability to control one‟s thoughts, emotions, urges, desires, fantasies, actions is called self-control. It is part of will power, and includes delayed gratification. 

(i) Self-Purpose: This is the ability to find a purpose for ourselves in relation to this world.  

(j) Individuality and Uniqueness: Human beings are born with different qualities inherent and later, they acquire some as they live and learn. This helps individuals to become unique in skills giving them an identity of their own. 

(k) Personality: Personality can be defined as the distinctive and characteristic patterns of thought, emotion and behaviour that define an individual‟s personal style of interacting with the physical and social environment. Personality has various dimensions, including our openness, conscientiousness, attitudes, etc. 

(l) Values: Value is a concept that describes the beliefs of an individual or culture. Love, care, courage, bravery, respect, integrity and compassion, and respecting elders are examples of values.

(c) Self service 

(d) All of Above

a. Mahatma Gandhi led the Civil Disobedience Movement that was launched in the Congress Session of December 1929. 

b. The aim of this movement was a complete disobedience of the orders of the British Government. 

c. During this movement it was decided that India would celebrate 26^th January as Independence Day all over the country.  

Answer: (b) Abiotic

(a) Common Language: National language is a common language which is a driving force behind unity of the nation's people, and makes them distinct from other nations – provided you give your language respect. Giving respect to your national language means that it should be one's primary language, as well as the preferred source of communication at every level.

(c) Removal of Communalism: Communalism is discriminatory as it endangers the unity of our country. Fundamentalism is the greatest challenge to India’s unity. This has to be sternly dealt with. Politicians who encourage provincialism and regionalism should be debarred from elections as members of legislative bodies. All citizens should regard themselves as Indians first and build unity between different sections of society.

(c) Removal of Regionalism: India is a vast country with regional diversities. People from different parts of the diversified subcontinent should meet under a common wing of national consciousness, forgetting the regional differences, sharing the feeling of togetherness and take the pride in being an Indian.

Fuselage is the main body of the aircraft to which all the other components like wings, ailerons, rudders, elevators and undercarriage are attached. 

Cabinet Mission was sent to India in March 1946.

The following targets are generally used by female cadets: 

(a) For application firing 1‟ x 1‟ target is used

(b) For grouping, 1‟ x 1‟ target with a white patch in the centre of the bull is used.  

(c) For rapid firing, 6 inches figure target is used.  

a. Calibre 7.62 mm. 

b. Weight of rifle 4.4 kg. 

c. Normal rate of fire 5 rds per min. 

d. Effective range 275 m (300 yds). 

(a) Telephone. Learn to control the telephone, or it will control you. Regard your telephone as a business tool, not a social one. Practice having quick, to the point conversations. 

(b) Visitors. Meet visitors outside. When faced with the question: Have you got a minute?‘ don‘t fall into the courtesy trap of saying yes when you really want to say no. Learn to give a polite no, and then tell them when they can see you. A complete open-door policy, which has been a popular management technique for some years, is not conducive to good time management. 

(c) Socializing. Avoid extended tea-breaks, regular social lunch-hours, and lots of chats in the corridors. Do it outside of work time. 

Telephone/Mobile Phone 

Visitors 

Paper Lack of Planning 

Socializing 

Indecision 

Television 

Procrastination